scholarly journals Carbon fraction concentrations in a haplic Luvisol as affected by tillage

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 262-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Horáček ◽  
E. Strosser ◽  
V. Čechová
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Humus Substances ◽  
Conventional Ct ◽  
Soluble Carbon

Changes of soil organic matter (SOM) parameters were investigated in a haplic Luvisol with medium-heavy texture. Soil samples were taken from several layers at minimum (MT) and conventional (CT) tillage plots of a field experiment in Sitzenhof (Germany). All cultural practices except for tillage (crop rotation, fertilizing, protection measures, etc.) were identical over the whole time of the experiment. The concentrations of oxidizable carbon C<sub>ox</sub> and its constituents (humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA), and hot-water soluble carbon) are comparable in layers&nbsp;15&ndash;20 cm in both variants. In 0&ndash;15 cm and 30&ndash;55 cm layers, these concentrations were higher in the MT variant. A similar trend was observed in the colour quotient values of humic substances Q4/6, which indicates increasing condensation of humus substances (HS) at deeper layers in both variants, and it is also confirmed by a humic to fulvic acids ratio HA:FA. Concentrations of SOM fractions were higher (except 15&ndash;20 cm layers) in the MT than CT treatment throughout the profile, especially below the 30 cm depth. The SOM did not accumulate markedly in the surface layer of long-term MT treatment.

EXTRACTION OF BORON FROM CSSC REFERENCE SOILS BY HOT WATER, DILUTE CaCl2 AND MANNITOL-CaCl2 SOLUTIONS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. SCHUPPLI
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Reference Soil ◽  
Highly Correlated

Soils were extracted by hot water, dilute CaCl2, and by mannitol-CaCl2 solutions and boron was determined by either azomethine-H or the curcumin method. Results were strongly method dependent; in particular results by the simplest method, mannitol-CaCl2, were generally lower and not highly correlated (r = 0.64) with those by the recommended procedure. This procedure involves extraction with hot distilled H2O (2:1 solution:soil), centrifugation, filtration, color development with azomethine-H and correction for background color. Extractable boron values by this procedure ranged from 0.1 to 1.4 mg kg−1. Background color can be further reduced by the substitution of 0.02 M CaCl2 for distilled water. Key words: CSSC reference soil samples, hot-water-soluble boron

scholarly journals Effect of Different Doses of Nutrients on Changes of Soil Organic Matter in Rendzic Leptosol

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Vladimír Šimanský ◽  
Erika Tobiašová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract The effect of different doses of NPK fertilizer on the changes in quantity and quality of soil organic matter (SOM) in Rendzic Leptosol was evaluated. Soil samples were taken from three treatments of different fertilization: (1) control - without fertilization, (2) NPK 1 - doses of NPK fertilizer in 1st degree intensity for vine, and (3) NPK 3 - doses of NPK fertilizer in 3rd degree intensity for vine in the vineyard. Soil samples were collected in years 2008-2011 during the spring. The higher dose of NPK fertilizer (3rd degree intensity of vineyards fertilization) was responsible for the higher content of labile carbon (by 21% in 0-0.3 m and by 11% as average of the two depths 0-0.3 m and 0.3-0.6 m). However, by application of a higher dose of NPK (1.39%) in comparison to no fertilizer treatment (1.35%) or NPK 1 (1.35%) the tendency of total organic carbon content increase and hot-water soluble carbon decrease were determined. Fertilization had a negative effect on SOM stability. Intensity of fertilization affected the changes in quantity and quality of SOM; therefore it is very important to pay attention to the quantity and quality of organic matter in productive vineyards.

scholarly journals Soil organic carbon and nitrogen characteristics in differently used grasslands at sites with drainage and without drainage

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dufková ◽  
T. Kvítek ◽  
J. Voldřichová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Thermal Combustion

Extensive management (absence of management) of unfertilized permanent grasslands was examined for five years from the aspect of its influence on soil chemical properties of horizon A in a floodplain locality of the Crystalline Complex, in relation to water regime regulation, reclamations and liming. These treatments: without mowing (0), one cut (1) and two cuts (2) per year were used at sites without drainage (WD), with drainage (D) and with drainage water retardation (R). These average values were measured at all sites and for all treatments: content of soil organic carbon C<sub>org</sub> 2.3&ndash;3.4%, combustible substances CS 12&ndash;15%, humic to fulvic acids ratio C<sub>HA</sub>/C<sub>FA</sub> 0.81&ndash;0.94, C/N 8&ndash;9, humification rate 0.6&ndash;0.7, exchange pH 3.9&ndash;5.1. All sites have deteriorated conditions for the activity of soil microorganisms (low pH). Determinations of the contents of organic carbon (C<sub>org</sub> by thermal combustion, water soluble and hot water soluble carbon, C<sub>HA</sub> and C<sub>FA</sub>), CS and total nitrogen indicated decreases as a result of the influence of factors (drainage, liming, mowing) supporting mineralization and the cycle of soil organic matter. Mowing improved humus quality

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Forest Plantation Species on Chemical Soil Properties in Southern Rwanda

Soil Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Peter Rwibasira ◽  
Francois Xavier Naramabuye ◽  
Donat Nsabimana ◽  
Monique Carnol
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Functioning ◽  
C And N

Understanding the long-term effects of tree species on soil properties is crucial for the development of forest restoration policies in relation to the choice of species that meet both environmental and local livelihood needs. This study was performed in the Arboretum of Ruhande, Southern Rwanda, where monocultures of 148 deciduous and 56 conifer species have been established in 0.25 ha replicated plots from 1933 onwards. We investigated the effects of six exotic and two native tree species planted in monoculture plots and native species mixed within one self-regenerated plot on soil properties in two layers (0–5 cm and 5–10 cm depth). We measured general soil properties (pH, SOM, exchangeable base cations) and water-soluble C and N as a proxy for soil functioning. Changes in soil properties were observed in the upper soil layer for all tree species. Planting Eucalyptus species caused soil acidification, whereas soil exchangeable cations and pH were higher under native species (Entandrophragma excelsum and Polyschias fulva) and mixed native species. The effects of tree species were more pronounced for hot water-extractable C and N than for other soil properties. Their analyses could be used for detecting changes in soil functioning linked to vegetation types.

scholarly journals A Low-Cost Assembly for Extraction of Hot Calcium Chloride Extractable Boron from Soil Samples

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Srivastava ◽  
◽  
S.P. Pachauri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Condenser Tube ◽  
Reflux Condenser ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Different Soils

Among micronutrients, boron (B) occupies a prime place next to zinc (Zn) in Indian Agriculture. Acidic soils, coarse-textured soils subjected to leaching in high rainfall areas, and calcareous soils are likely to be deficient in B (Srivastava and Gupta 1996). According to an estimate based on soil testing of more than two lakh samples drawn from 508 districts of India indicated that 23.2 percent of soil samples are deficient in B (Shukla et al. 2019). Though there are several methods for the analysis of B in soils yet hot water-soluble B (Berger and Truog 1940; Gupta 1967) or dilute CaCl2 extractable B (Cartwright et al. 1983; Adams et al. 1991) are widely adopted for different soils all over the World (Diana 2008). The assembly adopted for the extraction of hot water soluble or dilute CaCl2 extractable B is costly as it requires the use of low B glass or quartz boiling flask equipped with a condenser tube for refluxing (Parker and Gardner 1981) which generally poses difficulty in handling and maintenance. Schuppli (1986) used a Teflon Erlenmeyer flask (125 ml) capacity attached to a Teflon reflux condenser to extract hot water-soluble B from soils, and an asbestos mat was placed between the hot plate and the flask to prevent damage to the Teflon flask. This publication proposes a low-cost assembly to extract hot water-soluble or hot CaCl2 extractable B in soils.

scholarly journals Influence of long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 314-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Šimon ◽  
A. Czakó
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soluble C ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Total Organic C

This study assesses the effect of long-term (59 years) application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil organic matter and enzyme activity. Total organic C, total organic N, hot water soluble C, microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase activity were evaluated in soil from the long-term field experiment in Prague-Ruzyně (Orthic Luvisol, clay loam). Total organic C and N increased significantly in soils treated with organic fertilizers (farmyard manure, compost) and in soils with a combination of organic and mineral NPK fertilizers (manure + NPK, compost + NPK, cattle manure + straw + NPK) compared to soil treated with inorganic fertilizer, cattle slurry + straw and non-fertilized control. Farmyard manure significantly increased hot water soluble C compared to the control. Dehydrogenase activity was significantly increased by all treatments compared to control. The results indicate that additions of organic matter from various sources differ in the effects on soil organic matter and biological activity. The effect of manure was the most favourable; long-term application of cattle slurry + straw is rather similar to mineral fertilization.

scholarly journals Status of Sulphur and Boron in Soils of North Gujarat Region of India

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Ramani ◽  
◽  
K.C. Patel ◽  
Dileep Kumar ◽  
K. P. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
S Deficiency ◽  
Nutrient Index ◽  
North Gujarat

The soils of North Gujarat region's were assessed for its Sulphur and Boron status due to its visible deficiency in plants. Study was conducted in three districts viz., Sabarkantha, Mehsana and Patan from which 60, 110 and 52 villages were selected and soils samples were collected with geo-tagging. A total of 1332 surface soil samples (Sabarkantha 360, Mehsana 660 and Patan 312) were collected from these respective districts. Analysis of these soil samples showed a wide variation in soil pH (6.04-9.72) from slightly acidic to alkaline. Organic carbon (OC) content ranged from 1.0 to 7.1 g kg-1, about 90, 65 and 74% of soil samples were found to be under the low OC in Mehsana, Sabarkantha and Patan districts, respectively. Available S content ranged from 1.7 to 68.5 mg kg-1 with a mean value of 15.6, 14.7 and 14.9 mg kg-1 in Mehsana, Sabarkantha and Patan districts, respectively. S deficiency in soils of all three districts was 18.1, 25.5 and 16.9 per cent, which appeared in medium-fertility class level as per Nutrient Index Value (NIV). The high magnitude of S deficiency was noticed in soils of Idar taluka (43.9 %) followed by Khedbrahma taluka (40.9%) of Sabarkantha district, showing medium-fertility class. Further, these samples were also found deficient in hot water-soluble boron (HWS-B) and it ranged from 0.06 to 3.12 mg kg-1 with a mean value of 0.44, 0.45 and 0.44 mg kg-1 in districts of Mehsana, Sabarkantha and Patan, respectively. The NIV indicated B fertility level of low to high. Per cent deficiency of B recorded about 29.4, 17.9 and 19.2 per cent in all three districts. A large scale of B deficiency was noticed in Satlasna taluka (52.4 %) of Mehsana district, which showed low fertility class.

scholarly journals A method to determine mineralization kinetics of a decomposable part of soil organic matter in the soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kolář ◽  
F. Klimeš ◽  
R. Ledvina ◽  
S. Kužel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Control System ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Organic Contamination ◽  
Mineralization Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Soluble Carbon

A new method was proposed that complements the value of active carbon in the soil expressed as hot-water soluble carbon Chws. The method is based on vacuum measurements of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of soil suspensions using an Oxi Top Control system manufactured by the WTW Merck Company that is destined for hydrochemical analyses of organically contaminated waters. Measurements will provide BOD values for particular days of incubation; total limit BODt can be determined from these values, and it is possible to calculate the rate constant k1 of mineralization of a decomposable part of soil organic matter. It is typical of soil organic matter (SOM) of a given soil sample and comparable with the BOD5:COD (chemical oxygen demand) ratio that is used to evaluate degradability of water organic contamination in hydrochemical analytics.

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