scholarly journals Microelements content in leaves of raspberry cv. Willamette as affected by foliar nutrition and substrates

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ž. Karaklajić-Stajić ◽  
I.S. Glišić ◽  
Dj. Ružić ◽  
T. Vujović ◽  
M. Pešaković
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Planting Material

Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivar Willamette has long been the most commonly grown raspberry cultivar in Serbia, which is owing to high adaptability of the cultivar to respective agro-environmental conditions. Massive dieback of full bearing plantings is a major problem in raspberry growing hence quality planting material is a must when establishing new raspberry plantings. The study was conducted under protected conditions (in screenhouse) on plants obtained by micropropagation in vitro. In order to achieve optimal vegetative potential, plants were grown for two consecutive years (2004–2005) on two substrates (Steckmedium and Seedling) using three foliar fertilizers (Wuxal, Murtonik and Ferticare). The study revealed optimal vegetative growth in plants studied, excess manganese (150.60-214.52 mg/g), optimum iron content (94.00-123.50 mg/g), and zinc (28.60-31.00 mg/g) and copper (3.10-4.00 mg/g) deficiencies, based on the referent values of microelements content. The assessment of nutritional status of plants by the DOP index suggested significant differences in microelements imbalance when different foliar fertilizers and substrates are applied.

MINIATURE GROWTH CHAMBERS FOR THE STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN VITRO

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRÉDÉRICK LAFORGE ◽  
YVES DESJARDINS ◽  
MICHAEL E. D. GRAHAM ◽  
ANDRÉ GOSSELIN
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Heating Cable ◽  
Growth Chambers

Miniature (65-L) growth chambers, designed and tested to study environmental conditions affecting in vitro culture, provide an accurate and inexpensive method to perform multifactorial experiments under these conditions. Temperature control was achieved by an electronic device combined with a heating cable and a heat exchanger (water to air). Two-dimensional temperature variations in the chamber were within 1 °C of the set point temperature. Nine chambers were placed under photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 80, 125 and 250 μmol m−2 s−1 and CO2 concentrations of 330, 1650 and 3000 μL L−1. Gas concentrations in both the chambers and the test tubes with in vitro cultures were monitored and fresh weight accumulation of raspberry (Rubus idaeus), strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) cultures were recorded during a growth experiment. Carbon dioxide accumulation in the culture tubes during the night and subsequent depletion during the day indicated CO2 fixation enhancement with CO2 enrichment, which was more pronounced after 4 wk of growth. Fresh weight accumulated significantly under high CO2 enrichment. Temperatures during the day were slightly higher in the test tubes (1 ± 0.3 °C) than in the chamber.Key words: Light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide, tissue culture

Effect of Domestic Processing and Cooking Methods on Total, HCl Extractable Iron and in vitro availability of Iron in Spinach and Amaranth Leaves

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Yadav ◽  
S. Sehgal
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
In Vitro Availability ◽  
Domestic Processing ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Extractable Iron

Spinach ( Spinacia oleracia) and amaranth ( Amaranthus tricolor) leaves were stored in polyethylene bags and without packing for 24 and 48 hours in a refrigerator at 5°C and 30°C in polyethylene bags. The fresh leaves were also dried (oven and sun), blanched (5, 10 and 15 min) and cooked in an open pan and a pressure cooker. The processed leaves were analysed for total iron, its availability and antinutrient content. The iron content of these leaves varied from 26.54 to 34.14 mg/l00g, dry weight and its HCl-extractability and in vitro availability were 62.11–67.18% and 3.03–3.97% of total respectively. Drying and storage had no significant effect on total iron content, Hel-extractability and availability ( in vitro), while blanching and cooking resulted in significant improvement of iron availability, and a significant reduction in oxalic acid content, while only blanching significantly reduced phytic acid and polyphenol contents. Thus cooking and blanching are good ways to improve HCl-extractability and in vitro availability of iron.

scholarly journals Acyl-CoA oxidase complexes control the chemical message produced by Caenorhabditis elegans

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (13) ◽  
pp. 3955-3960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxing Zhang ◽  
Likui Feng ◽  
Satya Chinta ◽  
Prashant Singh ◽  
Yuting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Substrate Preferences ◽  
Acyl Coa Oxidase ◽  
Coa Thioesters

Caenorhabditis elegans uses ascaroside pheromones to induce development of the stress-resistant dauer larval stage and to coordinate various behaviors. Peroxisomal β-oxidation cycles are required for the biosynthesis of the fatty acid-derived side chains of the ascarosides. Here we show that three acyl-CoA oxidases, which catalyze the first step in these β-oxidation cycles, form different protein homo- and heterodimers with distinct substrate preferences. Mutations in the acyl-CoA oxidase genes acox-1, -2, and -3 led to specific defects in ascaroside production. When the acyl-CoA oxidases were expressed alone or in pairs and purified, the resulting acyl-CoA oxidase homo- and heterodimers displayed different side-chain length preferences in an in vitro activity assay. Specifically, an ACOX-1 homodimer controls the production of ascarosides with side chains with nine or fewer carbons, an ACOX-1/ACOX-3 heterodimer controls the production of those with side chains with seven or fewer carbons, and an ACOX-2 homodimer controls the production of those with ω-side chains with less than five carbons. Our results support a biosynthetic model in which β-oxidation enzymes act directly on the CoA-thioesters of ascaroside biosynthetic precursors. Furthermore, we identify environmental conditions, including high temperature and low food availability, that induce the expression of acox-2 and/or acox-3 and lead to corresponding changes in ascaroside production. Thus, our work uncovers an important mechanism by which C. elegans increases the production of the most potent dauer pheromones, those with the shortest side chains, under specific environmental conditions.

Organ culture with black cottonwood: morphogenetic response of female catkin primordia

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1627-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Bawa ◽  
R. F. Stettler
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Catkin

Female catkin primordia of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa T. & G. ex Hook.) were cultured for 70 days on a modified Murashige and Skoog's (1962) medium in vitro. Explants 2–3 mm long, and with bud scales removed, gave the best results, many of them developing floral structures characteristic of the female sex. There was a general tendency to callus formation with increasing age of the culture, occasionally followed by a reversal to vegetative growth. Catkin primordia raised on Wolter's medium without auxin or kinetin, but with 6-benzylaminopurine, and at 250 ft-c for a 16-h photoperiod, proliferated axillary shoots in loco of pistils.

scholarly journals Super Cooling Point Phenotypes and Cold Resistance in Hyles euphorbiae Hawk Moths from Different Climate Zones

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Hana Daneck ◽  
Matthias Benjamin Barth ◽  
Martin Geck ◽  
Anna K. Hundsdoerfer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Cold Sensitivity ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Hyles Euphorbiae

The spurge hawkmoth Hyles euphorbiae L. (Sphingidae) comprises a remarkable species complex with still not fully resolved taxonomy. Its extensive natural distribution range covers diverse climatic zones. This predestinates particular populations to cope with different local seasonally unfavorable environmental conditions. The ability of the pupae to overcome outer frosty conditions is well known. However, the differences between two main ecotypes (‘euphorbiae’ and ‘tithymali’) in terms of the inherent degree of frost tolerance, its corresponding survival strategy, and underlying mechanism have not been studied in detail so far. The main aim of our study was to test the phenotypic exhibition of pupae (as the relevant life cycle stadia to outlast unfavorable conditions) in response to combined effects of exogenous stimuli, such as daylight length and cooling regime. Namely, we tested the turnout of subitan (with fast development, unadapted to unfavorable conditions) or diapause (paused development, adapted to unfavorable external influences and increased resistance) pupae under different conditions, as well as their mortality, and we measured the super cooling point (SCP) of whole pupae (in vivo) and pupal hemolymph (in vitro) as phenotypic indicators of cold acclimation. Our results show higher cold sensitivity in ‘tithymali’ populations, exhibiting rather opportunistic and short-termed cold hardiness, while ‘euphorbiae’ produces a phenotype of seasonal cold-hardy diapause pupae under a combined effect of short daylight length and continuous cold treatment. Further differences include the variability in duration and mortality of diapause pupae. This suggests different pre-adaptations to seasonal environmental conditions in each ecotype and may indicate a state of incipient speciation within the H. euphorbiae complex.

scholarly journals Compatibility between the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and insecticides used in coffee plantations

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Natali de Oliveira ◽  
Pedro Manuel Oliveira Janeiro Neves ◽  
Lídio Sueki Kawazoe
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Conidia Germination ◽  
Fungus Beauveria Bassiana

Microbial control in integrated pest management (IPM) programs of coffee plantations is an important factor for the reduction of pest population densities. The use of selective pesticides can be associated with entomopathogens, increasing the efficiency of the control and reducing the use of required insecticides. The in vitro fungitoxic effect of insecticide formulations of Thiamethoxam, Cyfluthrin, Deltamethrin, Alpha-Cypermethrin, Triazophos, Chlorpyrifos, Fenpropathrin and Endosulfan and Beauveria bassiana (CG 425 strain) was evaluated at three concentrations (FR = average field recommendation; 0.5 ´ FR and 2 ´ FR). Effects of these products on conidia germination, vegetative growth and sporulation were compared. Only five insecticides, at the FR concentration, promoted conidia viability higher than 60%. Viability should be considered the most important factor to be evaluated since it is the first step of the infection process. The insecticide formulations of Alpha-Cypermethrin, Thiamethoxam and Cyfluthrin caused the lower inhibition level on conidia germination at the two lower concentrations, with no difference in relation to the control. With respect to vegetative growth analysis, Thiamethoxam at the two lower concentrations was not found to cause radial growth inhibition. Thiamethoxam caused the smallest inhibition level with regard to conidia production. The use of Alpha-Cypermethrin and Thiamethoxam formulations in coffee IPM programs for a B. bassiana inoculum conservation strategy are recommended, since these products were compatible with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (CG 425), an important natural control agent of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei.

scholarly journals Biofertlizer Lumbrical improves the growth and ex vitro acclimatization of micropropagated pear plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Nataliya Dimitrova ◽  
Lilyana Nacheva ◽  
Małgorzata Berova ◽  
Danuta Kulpa
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In vitro micropropagation of plants is highly useful for obtaining large quantities of planting material with valuable economic qualities. However, plantlets grow in vitro in a specific environment and the adaptation after the transfer to ex vitro conditions is difficult. Therefore, the acclimatization is a key step, which mostly determines the success of micropropagation. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of the biofertlizer Lumbrical on ex vitro acclimatization of micropropagated pear rootstock OHF 333 (Pyrus communis L.). Micropropagated and rooted plantlets were potted in peat and perlite (2:1) mixture with or without Lumbrical. They were grown in a growth chamber at a temperature of 22±2 °C and photoperiod of 16/8 hours supplied by cool-white fluorescent lamps (150 µmol m-2 s-1 Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density, PPFD). The plants were covered with transparent foil to maintain the high humidity, and ten days later, the humidity was gradually decreased. Biometric parameters, anatomic-morphological analyses, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll a fluorescence (JIP test) were measured 21 days after transplanting the plants to ex vitro conditions. The obtained results showed that the plants, acclimatized ex vitro in the substrate with Lumbrical, presented better growth (stem length, number of leaves, leaf area and fresh mass) and photosynthetic characteristics as compared to the control plants. This biostimulator could also be used to improve acclimatization in other woody species

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