ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE ATERRO SANITÁRIO E INCINERAÇÃO PARA GERAÇÃO DE ENERGIA EM PROJETO REGIONAL FORMADO POR UM CONSÓRCIO DE MUNICÍPIOS

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Benedito Luiz Martins ◽  
Alcides Lopes Leão
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Triangular Distribution ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutant ◽  
International Panel

O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar um estudo sobre um projeto regional com 39 municípios para análise comparativa para destinação dos rejeitos dos resíduos sólidos urbanos em um incinerador e disposição em um aterro sanitário com captação do biogás, considerando a possibilidade de recuperação energética em ambos os sistemas, bem como a comparação com relação à emissão de gases de efeito estufa e poluentes atmosféricos.  Para realização deste estudo foram adotadas as seguintes metodologias: caracterização gravimétrica das frações de resíduos sólidos produzidas na região; cálculo de captação do biogás com recuperação energética utilizando a equação elabora pelo IPCC - International Panel on Climate Change, com distribuição triangular da produção do metano gerado ao longo dos anos pela degradação lenta e rápida dos resíduos; e recuperação de energia em sistema de incineração. Os resultados mostraram que o sistema de incineração tem eficiência em 3,2 vezes maior para a produção de energia em relação ao sistema de aterro sanitário, o qual emite gases de efeito estufa 2,9 vezes mais que o sistema de incineração. A conclusão do estudo é que a incineração leva vantagem sobre o aterro sanitário na gestão de resíduos sólidos, porque gera mais energia elétrica, emite menos gases de efeito estufa, utiliza menos área física de terra e, por ser um sistema fechado e estanque apresenta melhores condições para mitigação dos impactos ambientais negativos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Resíduos sólidos. Destinação. Disposição. Aterro sanitário. Incineração. Energia. Sustentabilidade. COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN SANITARY LANDFILL AND INCINERATION FOR ENERGY GENERATION IN A REGIONAL PROJECT FORMED BY A CONSORTIUM OF MUNICIPALITIESABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to carry out a comparative study between sanitary landfill and incineration of urban solid waste, considering the possibility of energy recovery, as well as to compare both systems greenhouse gases and atmospheric pollutant emissions. This study was done within a regional cooperative project among 39 municipalities of central São Paulo State. The following methodologies were adopted: gravimetric characterization of solid waste fractions produced in the region; biogas capture with energy recovery using the equation elaborated by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), with a triangular distribution of the methane production generated over the years by the slow and rapid waste degradation of the wastes; and energy recovery in incineration system. The results showed that the incineration system is 3.2 times more efficient for energy production than the landfill system, which emits greenhouse gases 2.9 times more than the incineration system. The conclusion of the study is that incineration takes advantage of landfill in solid waste management, because it generates more electricity, emits less greenhouse gases, uses less physical land area and, because it is a closed and watertight system, presents better conditions for mitigation of negative environmental impacts. KEYWORDS: Solid waste. Destination. Disposition. Landfill. Incineration. Energy. Sustainability.

scholarly journals Collaborative Optimization of Emissions and Abatement Costs for Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases from the Perspective of Energy Structure: An Empirical Analysis in Tianjin

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang ◽  
Rong ◽  
Cai ◽  
Meng
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Collaborative Optimization ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Abatement Costs

Both air pollution and greenhouse effect have become important issues with regard to environmental protection both in China and across the world. Consumption of energy derived from coal, oil, and natural gas forms the main source of China’s major air pollutants, SO2 and NOX, as well as the major greenhouse gas CO2. The energy structure adjustment approach provides a sensible way, not only to achieve climate change mitigation and air pollutant reduction, but also to reduce abatement costs. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization method was adopted in order to analyze the collaborative optimization of emissions and abatement costs for both air pollutants and greenhouse gases. As a typical industrial city and economic center with fossil fuels as its main energy source, Tianjin of China is used as the research sample to prove that this method can mitigate air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions and reduce abatement costs. Through demonstration, the results show that the optimization method proposed can reduce SO2, NOX, and CO2 emissions by 27,000 tons, 33,000 tons, and 29,000 tons, respectively, and the abatement costs will be reduced by 620 million yuan by adjusting the energy structure of Tianjin. The proposed method also suggests that China can achieve reductions of abatement cost and greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions under the proposed energy structure. The results indicate that collaborative optimization would help China and other countries cope with climate change while improving domestic air quality.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Household Waste in Denpasar City

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1750
Author(s):  
Made ARMADI ◽  
Wayan SUARNA ◽  
Made SUDARMA ◽  
Made Sudiana MAHENDRA ◽  
Nyoman SUDIPA
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Waste Sector

The increasing population growth and changing consumption patterns of the people have resulted in an increase in the volume, type and characteristics of waste. The rate of waste production continues to increase, not only in line with the rate of population growth but also in line with the increasing consumption patterns of society and the level of people's income. The solid waste sector is one of the sources of greenhouse gas emissions that is important to address because the decomposition of waste is a significant source of CH4 whose addition to the atmosphere contributes to climate change, so regional and national mitigation actions in the waste sector are very important. the increase in greenhouse gases caused by human activities in producing greenhouse gases is greater than the ability of the environment to repair itself. The greenhouse gas produced exceeds the ability of the environment to recycle so that greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere. The increase in emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O gases in the atmosphere causes various problems, including changes in the nature of the climate which have an impact on climate change. The problem of garbage in Denpasar City cannot be separated from various factors because Denpasar City is the capital of Bali Province, the center of education, the center of the economy and is one of the tourist destinations with a cultural perspective, resulting in a high population growth rate which has an impact on the volume of waste, one of which is household waste. Community behavior in managing household waste plays a role in causing greenhouse gas emissions, such as the act of burning garbage and littering. Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the City of Denpasar are carried out through composting, reuse, reduce and recicle activities both at the community level and in landfills. Achievement of reducing greenhouse gas emissions based on mitigation actions in the domestic solid waste sub-sector in Denpasar City for the period 2010 to 2019 was 17.2 Gg CO2e with weighting of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from composting by 15.1 Gg CO2e and the rest from 3R activities of 2.1 Gg CO2e.

scholarly journals Zero Waste: An Innovation for Less Polluting Emission Processes, Resource Management Practices and Policies

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
C.H. Ekanem ◽  
H.E. Ekanem ◽  
F.D. Eyenaka ◽  
E.A. Isaiah
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
The Government

The rising levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the Earth’s atmosphere have the potential to cause changes in our climate. Some of these emission increases can be traced directly to solid waste. Landfills are among the largest emitters of carbon dioxide and methane, the key GHGs. Thus, effective mitigation of these emissions through formalization of waste reduction into the waste management system to reduce land filling could provide environmental benefits of reducing the adverse impacts of climate change. This paper therefore proposes waste prevention and recycling-jointly referred to as waste reduction as better and most potent strategies for the management of solid waste and for reducing greenhouse gases and calls on both the government and private agencies to check or control the increasing pollution or abuse of the environment by enforcing compliance with the laid out Policies, Pronouncements, Regulations and enacted Legislation especially in the developing countries. The study concludes that by choosing to prevent waste and recycle, less waste will be generated, the need for landfill will be minimal, energy demand will decrease, fewer fossil fuels will be burned and less methane and carbon dioxide will be emitted to the atmosphere which helps to curb climate change.

scholarly journals A Techno-Economic Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Conversion to Energy in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7232
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mufti Azis ◽  
Jonas Kristanto ◽  
Chandra Wahyu Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Electricity Price ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Sensitive Factor

Municipal solid waste (MSW) processing is still problematic in Indonesia. From the hierarchy of waste management, it is clear that energy recovery from waste could be an option after prevention and the 5R (rethink, refuse, reduce, reuse, recycle) processes. The Presidential Regulation No 35/2018 mandated the acceleration of waste-to-energy (WtE) plant adoption in Indonesia. The present study aimed to demonstrate a techno-economic evaluation of a commercial WtE plant in Indonesia by processing 1000 tons of waste/day to produce ca. 19.7 MW of electricity. The WtE electricity price is set at USD 13.35 cent/kWh, which is already higher than the average household price at USD 9.76 cent/kWh. The capital investment is estimated at USD 102.2 million. The annual operational cost is estimated at USD 12.1 million and the annual revenue at USD 41.6 million. At this value, the internal rate of return (IRR) for the WtE plant is 25.32% with a payout time (PoT) of 3.47 years. In addition, this study also takes into account electricity price sales, tipping fee, and pretreatment cost of waste. The result of a sensitivity analysis showed that the electricity price was the most sensitive factor. This study reveals that it is important to maintain a regulated electricity price to ensure the sustainability of the WtE plant in Indonesia.

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