The Effects of Complex Task Presentation Strategies and Test Formats on Learning Outcomes, Cognitive Load, and Instructional Efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-237
Author(s):  
Hyun Joo ◽  
Chungsoo Na ◽  
Dongsik Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Instructional Efficiency ◽  
Test Formats ◽  
Task Presentation

Instructional Game Design Using Cognitive Load Theory

2009 ◽  
pp. 1143-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhao David Huang ◽  
Tristan Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Cognitive Load Theory ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Learning Outcome ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Design Framework ◽  
Instructional Efficiency ◽  
Load Theory

This chapter proposes an instructional game design framework based on the 4C/ID-model and cognitive load theory, its associated theoretical foundation. The proposed systematic design framework serves as the processing link to connect games’ powerful characteristics in enhancing learning experience with desired learning outcomes. In this chapter we focus on the cognitive aspect of learning outcome: the development of transferable schema. This chapter introduces design guidelines to attain specific game characteristic by prioritizing the design components in 4C/ID-model. Each game characteristic consists of three levels of design emphasis: preliminary, secondary, and tertiary. The ultimate goal of this chapter is to initiate a series of dialogue between cognitive learning outcome, systematic instructional design, and instructional game design thereby seeking to improve the overall game design and instructional efficiency.

Evaluation of Cognitive Load

2009 ◽  
pp. 101-119
Author(s):  
Slava Kalyuga
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Instructional Efficiency ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
Schematic Knowledge ◽  
Evaluation Of Learning

Availability of valid and usable measures of cognitive load involved in learning is essential for providing support for cognitive load-based explanations of the effects predicted and described in cognitive load theory as well as for general evaluation of learning conditions. Besides, the evaluation of cognitive load may provide another indicator of levels of learner expertise in addition to performance scores. As mentioned before, due to the available schematic knowledge base, more knowledgeable learners are expected to perform their tasks with lower mental effort than novices. Even though simple subjective rating scales remain the most often used measures of cognitive load imposed by instructional materials, new more sophisticated techniques are being developed, especially in multimodal environments associated with performance of complex cognitive tasks. This chapter provides a brief overview of traditional, as well as some novel methods for measuring and evaluating cognitive load. Some recently developed approaches to using these measures in estimating instructional efficiency of learning environments are also discussed.

The Expertise Reversal Effect for Sequential Presentation in Dynamic Soccer Visualizations

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aïmen Khacharem ◽  
Bachir Zoudji ◽  
Slava Kalyuga ◽  
Hubert Ripoll
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Mental Effort ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Sequential Presentation ◽  
Expertise Reversal Effect ◽  
Reversal Effect ◽  
Presentation Formats

Cognitive load perspective was used as a theoretical framework to investigate effects of expertise and type of presentation of interacting elements of information in learning from dynamic visualizations. Soccer players (N = 48) were required to complete a recall reconstruction test and to rate their invested mental effort after studying a concurrent or sequential presentation of the elements of play. The results provided evidence for an expertise reversal effect. For novice players, the sequential presentation produced better learning outcomes. In contrast, expert players performed better after studying the concurrent presentation. The findings suggest that the effectiveness of different visual presentation formats depend on levels of learner expertise.

scholarly journals Beban Kognitif Siswa Pada Materi Pencemaran Lingkungan Berbantuan Prezi Application

BIODIK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
Eka Lesmana Sari ◽  
Billyardi Ramdhan ◽  
Sistiana Windyariani
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Mental Effort ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Load Profile ◽  
Extraneous Cognitive Load ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Germane Cognitive Load

Cognitive load profile is a theory used to study the limitations of working memory in receiving and processing new information obtained by students, mental effort owned by students and student learning outcomes after learning learning that has been conveyed. This research is a qualitative descriptive study which aims to find out the cognitive load profile of students in grade VII of Sukabumi City Public Middle School on environmental pollution material which was carried out in April in the 3rd week in one of the Sukabumi City Negri Secondary Schools. This study is to describe the emergence of the cognitive load profile of students in environmental pollution material with the help of prezi application. The sample used in this study were 40 students. The instrument used in the study of 16 problem questions according to indicators developed by Marzano to describe ICL, 8 questionnaires during the delivery of environmental pollution material assisted with the Prezi application to describe the ECL and 25 multiple choice questions according to indicators developed by marzano to describe GCL. The results of the study illustrate that the cognitive load profile of Grade VII students of Sukabumi City Negri Middle School in the academic year 2019/2020 illustrates the results of instrisic cognitive load (ICL) in receiving and processing information that has a high average value of 81.25 shows the profile of cognitive load owned by low students, then the results depicted from extraneous cognitive load (ECL) in the mental effort of students obtain an average value of 65.2 it illustrates the cognitive load profile possessed by students and finally the learning outcomes By using Germane cognitive load (GCL), students get an average value of 63, which is the same as ECL, which illustrates students' cognitive load profile because of the low value of learning outcomes obtained by students. Abstrak.Teori beban kognitif merupakan teori yang digunakan untuk mempelajari keterbatasan memori kerja dalam menerima informasi baru yang diperoleh. Adapun tujuan penelitian itu sendiri yaitu untuk mendapatkan gambaran dalam mendeskripsikan munculnya beban kognitif siswa pada pembelajaran materi pencemaran lingkungan dengan berbantuan aplikasi prezi. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualintatif. Metode pengumpulan data yaitu dengan soal pilihan ganda, kuisioner dan test soal uraian.  Subjek penelitian ini yaitu siswa SMPN 06 Kota Sukabumi kelas VII ajaran 2019/2020 sebanyak 40 orang. Untuk menggambarkan instrisic cognitive load (ICL) yaitu kurang menguasai konsep siswa memperoleh hasil nilai rata-rata 81,25, usaha mental siswa untuk menggambarkan extraneous cognitive load (ECL) yaitu kurang memahami gambar atau soal dengan kuisioner siswa memperoleh nilai rata-rata 62,5 dan hasil belajar dengan menggunakan germane cognitive load (GCL) yaitu siswa dapat mengingat kembali ingatan yang telah lalu dan dapat menerapkannya dalam soal berbentuk pilihan ganda siswa memperoleh nilai rata-rata 68.

scholarly journals MODEL PROJECT BASED LEARNING SEBAGAI UPAYA MENGELOLA COGNITIVE LOAD MAHASISWA PADA MATERI MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Lufty Hari Susanto ◽  
Rifki Risma Munandar
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Mental Effort ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Three Components

ABSTRACTA good learning strategy, should have to reduce the psychological burden of students when the learning process. The purpose of the study is to get an idea of the magnitude of the cognitive load of students in aproject based learningon the subject of learning audio-visual media. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive. These research subjects are students of the fifth semester Biology Education Studies Program Pakuan University academic year 2016/2017 as many as 50 people. Student cognitive load was measured on three components, namely the mental effort students to describeextraneous cognitiveload(ECL), the ability to receive and process information to describeinstrisic cognitive load(ICL), and the learning outcomes to describegermane cognitive load(GCL). Measurement of ability to receive and process information usingtask complexity worksheet(Brunkenet al.,2010). Measurements mental effort using a questionnaireof subjectiveratting scale(Likert scale).Measurement of learning outcomes in the form essay, referring to the standard of reasoning developed by Marzanoet al(1993).The results showed that the ability to receive and process information very high which means that ICL is in the range of working memory, mental effort which means low student ECL is also low, and a fairly high learning outcomes and describe the magnitude of GCL. The results of the correlation calculations between the three components of cognitive load showed a negative correlation between the ICL with ECL (r =-0.017), the positive correlation between the ICL with GCL (r =0,252), while ECL with GCL has a value of a positive correlation (r = 0.135) , These results illustrate that the GCL obtained by students at least caused by ICL. It can be concluded that the student is still at a high cognitive load while attending classproject based learning. Keyword: cognitive load, project based learning, audio visual mediaABSTRAKSrategi pembelajaran yang baik seyogyanya harus mampu mengurangi beban psikologis mahasiswa ketika proses pembelajaran. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian itu sendiri yaitu untuk mendapatkan gambaran besarnya beban kognitif mahasiwa dalam sebuah pembelajaran project based learning pada matakuliah media pembelajaran audio visual. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu mahasiswa semester V Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Pakuan tahun ajaran 2016/2017 sebanyak 50 orang. Beban kognitif mahasiswa diukur pada tiga komponen, yaitu usaha mental siswa untuk menggambarkan extraneous cognitive load (ECL), kemampuan menerima dan mengolah informasi untuk menggambarkan instrisic cognitive load (ICL), dan hasil belajar untuk menggambarkan germane cognitive load (GCL). Mengukur kemampuan menerima dan mengolah informasi menggunakan task complexity worksheet (Brunken et al., 2010). Pengukuran usaha mental menggunakan angket subjective ratting scale (skala Likert). Pengukuran hasil belajar berupa soal essay, mengacu pada standar penalaran yang dikembangkan oleh Marzano et al (1993). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan menerima dan mengolah informasi sangat tinggi yang berarti ICL berada pada rentang memori kerja, usaha mental siswa rendah yang berarti ECL juga rendah, dan hasil belajar cukup tinggi dan menggambarkan besarnya GCL. Hasil perhitungan korelasi antar ketiga komponen beban kognitif menunjukkan, korelasi negatif antara ICL dengan ECL (r=-0,017), korelasi positif antara ICL dengan GCL (r=0,252), sedangkan ECL dengan GCL mempunyai nilai korelasi positif (r=0,135). Hasil ini menggambarkan bahwa GCL yang diperoleh oleh siswa sedikitnya diakibatkan oleh ICL. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa masih berada pada beban kognitif yang tinggi saat mengikuti pembelajaran berbasis proyekKata kunci: cognitive load, project based learning, audio visual media

Instructional Game Design Using Cognitive Load Theory

2011 ◽  
pp. 1586-1606
Author(s):  
Wenhao David Huang ◽  
Tristan Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Cognitive Load Theory ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Learning Outcome ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Design Framework ◽  
Instructional Efficiency ◽  
Load Theory

This chapter proposes an instructional game design framework based on the 4C/ID-model and cognitive load theory, its associated theoretical foundation. The proposed systematic design framework serves as the processing link to connect games’ powerful characteristics in enhancing learning experience with desired learning outcomes. In this chapter we focus on the cognitive aspect of learning outcome: the development of transferable schema. This chapter introduces design guidelines to attain specific game characteristic by prioritizing the design components in 4C/ID-model. Each game characteristic consists of three levels of design emphasis: preliminary, secondary, and tertiary. The ultimate goal of this chapter is to initiate a series of dialogue between cognitive learning outcome, systematic instructional design, and instructional game design thereby seeking to improve the overall game design and instructional efficiency.

Learning from screencast videos for software training : a comparison of dual and single-monitor learning environments

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Douglas Paul Kueker
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Worked Examples ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Instructional Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Split Attention ◽  
Set Up

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Learning to use software programs using worked examples in screencast videos presents a classic split-attention problem that requires learners to mentally integrate information from the video with a target application. While much is known about sound screencast tutorial design, little is known about the features of the learning environment, such as monitor configuration, that may influence learning from this form of instruction. An experiment was conducted with 42 novice learners to fill this gap by comparing the effects of two common monitor configurations which split attention in different ways. In one condition, subjects split attention temporally by toggling back and forth between the video and target application on one monitor, while the other condition required subjects to split attention spatially by shifting their gaze between the video and target application displayed on two side-by-side monitors. Effects due to the monitor set-up were assessed for measures of cognitive load, instructional efficiency, and motivation using a 2x2 study design that controlled for task order. Results indicated that cognitive load as measured through task evoked pupil response was significantly higher, pless than .05, for groups with two monitors during both instruction and testing, even after controlling for working memory capacity. Analyses of three gaze-related eye-tracking metrics and NASA-TLX ratings did not indicate any differences in workload due to the experimental treatment; however, attentional patterns indicated by the eye-tracking data were shaped by two- and three-way interactions between working memory capacity and the experimental conditions. Measures of instructional efficiency indicated that the single monitor set-up was most efficient as learners attempted to transfer learning. While task efficacy and relevance ratings increased after training, monitor set-up did not affect post-training motivation.

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