Catholicism and Machismo: The Impact of Religion on Hispanic Gender Identity

Purpose The more disadvantaged members of society generally experience poorer outcomes following the development of mental ill-health. The purpose of this paper is to scope the literature and synthesise findings on the inequalities and mental health within secure mental health settings. Design/methodology/approach Six electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies. These were included if they examined the association between inequalities and mental health in women’s secure mental health settings. Findings Of the 608 studies reviewed, 14 met the inclusion criteria. In these papers, violence and/or abuse were described as the most prevalent inequalities. The second most frequent group of inequalities identified were socio-economic. Only three published studies researched the impact of ethnicities. Physical health, alcohol abuse and a dysfunctional family upbringing were only mentioned in one of the studies. Gender identity, transitioning and sexual orientation was not considered in any papers. These are areas, which require further investigation to determine their specific impact in this setting. Research limitations/implications This review highlights the dearth of high-quality research-based evidence underpinning an understanding of the impact of inequalities on women in secure mental health settings. The existing studies suggest that inequalities have a very particular impact and that intersectionality plays a key role. Further research is required to further understand how inequalities impact the lives of women in secure mental health settings. Practical implications The inequalities that women experience in relation to mental health need to be further researched in the context of intersectionality. There are also research gaps in terms of gender identity, sexual orientation and socio-economic background. Further primary research using a more complex methodological paradigm is required to explore these factors and their impact on mental health service provision. Social implications The role of inequalities should be considered as part of an overall care package, including the experiences of adverse childhood experiences and this should contribute towards the development of a trauma-based care approach. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to scope literature about inequalities experienced in women’s secure psychiatric settings considering intersectionality.

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THE IMPACT OF COLLECTIVISM ORIENTATION AND GENDER IDENTITY ON WORK-LIFE BALANCE AND LIFE SATISFACTION RELATIONSHIP: A UK – SPAIN COMPARISON

Journal of Management and Business Education ◽

10.35564/jmbe.2021.0004 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Irene Valero Pizarro ◽

Gamze Arman

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Gender Identity ◽

Work Life ◽

Work Life Balance ◽

Full Time ◽

Moderating Effects ◽

Life Balance ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact ◽

Satisfaction Relationship

Difficulties in balancing work and non-work roles have a negative impact on an individual’s life satisfaction. This study investigates the relationship between work-life balance and life satisfaction across the United Kingdom and Spain. It also explores the moderating effects of individual orientations of collectivism and gender identity. The used scales measured Work-life Balance (WLB), Life Satisfaction (LS), Collectivism vs. Individualism orientations, and Gender identity. Collectivism/Individualism was measured and analysed at individual-level rather than at cultural-level. Data was collected from 52 British and 69 Spanish full-time employed women through an online survey. Correlational analyses and hierarchical multiple regression were conducted. Findings indicated that work-life balance had positive effects on life satisfaction across two different cultures. Those effects were stronger for British than Spanish women. Moderating effects were not found. Although, work-life balance, collectivism individual-orientation, and feminine identity predicted life satisfaction in the UK and only work-life balance predicted life satisfaction in Spain. This study extends the literature on work-life balance and life satisfaction relationship and the influence of culture, whilst also contributing to the under-researched area of the influence of gender identity on that relationship. The results might contribute to developing better strategies for promoting work-life balance

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Identity as Resistance: Identity Formation at the Intersection of Race, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation

Psychology of Women Quarterly ◽

10.1177/0361684319875977 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 67-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alison Cerezo ◽

Mariah Cummings ◽

Meredith Holmes ◽

Chelsey Williams

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Sexual Orientation ◽

Gender Identity ◽

Identity Formation ◽

Psychological Research ◽

Research Literature ◽

Constructivist Grounded Theory ◽

Future Research ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact

Although the concept of intersectionality has gained widespread attention in psychological research, there remains a significant gap related to the impact of intersectionality on identity formation for persons negotiating multiple minority statuses. This gap is especially pronounced among sexual and gender expansive women of Latinx and African American descent—two groups that face disparate personal and public health risks but are largely ignored in the research literature. In response to this gap, we carried out a qualitative study using constructivist grounded theory with 20 Latinx and African American sexual minority, gender expansive women to understand participants’ experiences of forming an intersectional social identity. Following an exploration of identity formation related to the specific domains of race, gender identity, and sexual orientation, we prompted participants to consider how each of the specified identity domains impacted the formation and experience of an overall intersectional identity (e.g., how racial position impacted gender identity and/or sexual identity formation). Findings revealed four major themes that were critical in identity formation: (a) family and cultural expectations, (b) freedom to explore identity, (c) the constant negotiation of insider/outsider status, and (d) identity integration as an act of resistance. Implications for future research and psychological services are discussed.

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How Gender Identity and Treatment Progress Impact Decision-Making, Psychotherapy and Aftercare Desires of Trans Persons

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8050749 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 749

Author(s):

Toby K. Mayer ◽

Andreas Koehler ◽

Jana Eyssel ◽

Timo O. Nieder

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Gender Identity ◽

Online Community ◽

Online Survey ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Treatment Preferences ◽

Individual Treatment ◽

Treatment Progress ◽

Treatment Experience ◽

The Impact

The gender identity of trans individuals influences their treatment preferences, and this in turn seems to affect their individual treatment progress. However, there has been no research which—next to the impact of gender identity on treatment desires—has also investigated the influence of treatment progress using a measure which assumes various possible transition pathways of trans persons.Therefore, an online community survey of trans people was conducted in Germany in 2015. Data were collected via an online survey from a non-clinical sample of n = 415 trans individuals (over half assigned female at birth), aged 16–76 (Mean (M) = 38.12). Almost one fifth of participants embraced non-binary or genderqueer (NBGQ) identities. Participants progressed 60.77% (standard deviation (SD) = 35.21) through treatment at point of data collection, as measured by the individual treatment progress score (ITPS). All participants, especially participants assigned male at birth, differed significantly in desire to participate in decision-making processes based on transition progress; individuals without treatment experience had less desire to decide treatment plans. NBGQ participants assigned male at birth in early stages of transition had significantly more desire for psychotherapy during transition than participants of the same identity in later transition stages. All participants, especially binary participants, significantly differed in desire for aftercare based on transition progress; individuals without treatment experience indicated more desire for aftercare. Results indicate health professionals should expect changing treatment desires in trans individuals at various stages of transition, particularly at treatment start, and based on gender identity.

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Gendered experiences of providing informal care for older people: a systematic review and thematic synthesis

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-021-06736-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ioanna Zygouri ◽

Fiona Cowdell ◽

Avraam Ploumis ◽

Mary Gouva ◽

Stefanos Mantzoukas

Keyword(s):

Gender Identity ◽

Older People ◽

Physical Health ◽

Informal Care ◽

Caregiving Burden ◽

Thematic Synthesis ◽

Informal Carers ◽

The Impact ◽

Mental And Physical Health

Abstract Background and purpose The caregiving’s impact on informal carers’ quality of life and gender-based stereotypes make older individuals’ informal care a complex process for which our knowledge is still limited. The purpose of this review is to identify how gender relates to informal carers’ experiences of providing care for people aged 60 years and over with mental and physical health needs by synthesising the available empirical data published between 2000 to 2020. Design and methods The systematic method for reviewing and synthesising qualitative data was performed using the PRISMA checklist and ENTREQ statement. The CASP tool was used to examine the quality of the included papers. Thematic synthesis was used as the methodological framework. Results This review produced two analytical themes, the impact of gender on the caregivers’ labour and negotiating gender identity with self, society, and cultural norms. While informal caregivers share motivators, a linkage between traditional gender stereotypes impacts caregiving burden and coping strategies. Informal carers’ experiences entail a constant pursuit of self-agency after acquiring the caregiver role. Cultural values and their intersection with gender appear to influence caregivers’ healthy adjustment into their new caregiving identities. The flexibility to move beyond gender boundaries could mediate caregivers’ negotiations between self and society on developing their new caregiving identity. Providing intensive informal primary care to older people affects both men’s and women’s mental and physical health. Gender ideals of the feminine nurturing role further disadvantage women as they determine the caregiving arrangements, the strategies and resources to sustain the caring burden, and the adaptability to experience their new caregiving role positively. Men appear more flexible to debate their hegemonic masculinity and defend their existence in the caregiving role. Conclusion and implications Transgressing gender lines and expanding gender possibilities can ease the caregiving burden and strengthen caregivers coping potentials. Health professionals can empower informal careers to challenge gender binaries and expand gender possibilities by intentionally injecting the language of diversity in caring information and caring processes. The review findings outline a path for research on gender identity development in older people’s care.

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Breaking down barriers: A strategic initiative to collect sexual orientation and gender identity information in the oncology patient population.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.29_suppl.128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (29_suppl) ◽

pp. 128-128

Author(s):

Georgina T. Rodgers ◽

Christa Poole ◽

MaryKay Moore ◽

Mikayla Baer ◽

Christina Ferraro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Gender Identity ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Comfort Level ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Care Providers ◽

Target Groups ◽

Oncology Patient ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

128 Background: The LGBT community is a diverse population that crosses race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, and other factors. It is estimated that 8.8 million Americans are part of the community and the number is likely higher due to under reporting. The population is at increased risk for certain cancers, sexually transmitted infections, and is more likely to use alcohol, tobacco, drugs, and suffer from obesity, and behavioral health issues. LGBT patients face barriers to accessing care due to being under-insured, fear of discrimination and lack of access to culturally competent health care providers. Our cancer center embraced the need to collect sexual orientation/gender identity (SOGI) data as a means to identify and address the comprehensive needs of our patients and set a goal to provide an inclusive, patient-centered environment through education of our teams to build a trusted patient-provider relationship. Methods: We implemented a history section in the EHR to assist with data collection including, preferred name, sexual orientation, gender identity, legal sex, and sex assigned at birth. A project team was developed in 2019 to improve utilization of the existing tool and provide education to increase the comfort level of our caregivers. Our target groups consist of advance practice providers, RN care coordinators, social workers and physicians. Educational sessions occurred through multiple modes and “champions” were identified within target groups to keep the momentum going. Results: There was initial hesitation in utilization due to lack of understanding of the impact on patient care and lack of confidence in communication. Training was modified to include communication techniques and the why collection of SOGI data is important. Conclusions: A monthly report was developed to determine utilization of the SOGI fields and as of May 2020 have increased from 1.5% utilization to 17.5% utilization. A survey has been deployed to education attendees to determine pre and post education comfort levels in addressing the SOGI needs of patients and early data is showing a marked improvement in the comfort level of caregivers.

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Using the Defensive Style Questionnaire to evaluate the impact of sex reassignment surgery on defensive mechanisms in transsexual patients

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1590/s1516-44462009005000007 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 303-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maria Inês Lobato ◽

Walter José Koff ◽

Tiago Crestana ◽

Camila Chaves ◽

Jaqueline Salvador ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Identity ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Gender Identity Disorder ◽

Sex Reassignment Surgery ◽

Sex Reassignment ◽

Core Symptom ◽

Defensive Structure ◽

Defensive Style ◽

Questionnaire Method ◽

The Impact

Objective: To evaluate the impact of sex reassignment surgery on the defense mechanisms of 32 transsexual patients at two different points in time using the Defensive Style Questionnaire. Method: The Defensive Style Questionnaire was applied to 32 patients upon their admission to the Gender Identity Disorder Program, and 12 months after they had undergone sex reassignment surgery. Results: There were changes in two defense mechanisms: anticipation and idealization. However, no significant differences were observed in terms of the mature, neurotic and immature categories. Discussion: One possible explanation for this result is the fact that the procedure does not resolve gender dysphoria, which is a core symptom in such patients. Another aspect is related to the early onset of the gender identity disorder, which determines a more regressive defensive structure in these patients. Conclusion: Sex reassignment surgery did not improve the defensive profile as measured by the Defensive Style Questionnaire.

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Digging Deeper into the Gender Gap: Gender Salience as a Moderating Factor in Political Attitudes

Canadian Journal of Political Science ◽

10.1017/s0008423917000270 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 559-578 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Amanda Bittner ◽

Elizabeth Goodyear-Grant

Keyword(s):

Gender Identity ◽

Gender Gap ◽

Political Attitudes ◽

Original Data ◽

Political Behaviour ◽

Individual Level ◽

Political Preferences ◽

The Individual ◽

Election Studies ◽

The Impact

AbstractWe know how sex (rather than gender) structures political preferences, but researchers rarely take into account the salience or importance of gender identity at the individual level. The only similar variable for which salience is commonly taken seriously is partisanship, for which direction and importance or strength are both considered imperative for measurement and analysis. While some scholars have begun to look at factors that may influence intragroup differences, such as feminism (Conover, 1988), most existing research implicitly assumes gender salience is homogenous in the population. We argue that both the content of gender identity (that is, what specifically is gender identity, as opposed to sex) as well its salience should be incorporated into analyses of how gender structures political behaviour. For some, gender simply does not motivate behaviour, and the fact that salience moderates the impact of gender on behaviour requires researchers to model accordingly. Using original data from six provincial election studies, we examine a measure of gender identity salience and find that it clarifies our understanding of gender's impact on political attitudes.

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