scholarly journals Urban mobility and the impacts caused by Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (74) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Tereza da Silva ◽  
Weverton de Oliveira ◽  
Evaldo Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Mandatory Use ◽  
The City ◽  
Essential Service

This pandemic portrayed the country's social and economic inequality in terms of health services, work and social distancing. It was found that the spread of Covid-19 on a global scale is favored by the circulation of infected people and/or objects; changing the circulation in many land and air borders that needed to have restricted and/or closed accesses, including, the reduction and even the suspension of travels inside and outside countries, whose displacements are by road, rail, river and sea. In view of this, the search for measures to face the pandemic within the various socio-economic contexts, such as in this case of urban mobility, for example, the occupancy limit of 50% of seats in intercity transport and the mandatory use of masks. Urban mobility permeates as a social right and essential service, which needs to continue to function with due health care. It is necessary to maintain social distance and take due care. For the country to remain in this confrontation, it is necessary to guarantee democratic access to the city, together with measures to protect social actors from contamination by the New Coronavirus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Access on the perspective of adult users of Primary Health Care in Fortaleza, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Borges Costa ◽  
C Salles Gazeta Vieira Fernandes ◽  
T Custódio Mota ◽  
E Torquato Santos ◽  
M Moura de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health System ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Care Assessment ◽  
The City

Abstract The Alma-Ata Conference promoted Primary Health Care (PHC) worldwide as a form of universal and continuous access to quality and effective health services. In Brazil, PHC, through the Family Health Strategy (FHS), aims to be the gateway to the health system and its structuring axis. For this, it is necessary to promote access, an essential condition for the quality of health care services, following the attributes systematized by Barbara Starfield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the attribute “First Contact Access” on the perspective of adult users of public PHC services in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. A transversal study was carried out, in 19 PHC Units, from June to December 2019, using the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool) Brazil version for adult users. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. 233 users participated, mostly women (69.5%), aged 30 to 59 years old (55.3%), mixed-race (69.5%), with complete high school (38.2%), without private health coverage (89.3%), homeowners (68.7%) and belonging to families of up to 4 members (87.9%). The “Accessibility” component had the lowest score, 2.83, and the “Utilization” had the highest score, 8.06. Older age was associated with higher “Accessibility” scores (p = 0,018), while lower values of “Utilization” were associated with higher education (p = 0,004). The main problems observed were: low access for acute demand consultations, lack of access at nighttime and weekends, little access through non-personal ways, bureaucratic barriers and a long time for scheduling appointments. We conclude that, although there was an improvement in PHC coverage in the city over the years, mainly due to FHS, there is still a lot to improve to ensure timely access to health services. Key messages Users consider PHC as the usual source of care, demonstrated by the high score of 'Utilization', however, they are unable to use it when necessary, demonstrated by the low score of 'Accessibility'. Expanding forms of access is essential to contribute to the strengthening of PHC in Fortaleza, Brazil, facilitating the entry to its national Universal Health System.

scholarly journals Les Déterminants De L’accès Aux Services De Santé À Grand Bassam

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Maï Gilles-Harold Wilfried ◽  
Aloko-N’guessan Jérôme ◽  
Essan Kodia Valentin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The City

State of complete physical, mental and social well-being, health is fundamental for man. Yet global figures for access to health are alarming. According to Gijs (2011) 2.5 billion people in the world do not have access to basic health care. In Côte d'Ivoire, the State has made population access a priority. Thus, sanitary infrastructures were built and equipped (PNDS, 2016). However, the problem of access to health services remains. The city of GrandBassam, located in the south-east of Côte d'Ivoire, has a wide range of health structures. Yet there are still people who still do not have access to health care. According to the RASS (2015), 25% of the population of Grand-Bassam still does not use health services. The purpose of this article is to identify the determinants of the access of the population of Grand-Bassam to health services. The methodological approach adopted to conduct this study took into account a bibliographic synthesis and the administration of a questionnaire. This study shows that perception of distance, income of head of household, perception of cost of care, household size, educational level, and age of households are the factors that determine access health services in the city of Grand-Bassam.

scholarly journals Mobilidade urbana: a participação social como um caminho para o direito à cidade - o caso das mobcidades em Ilhéus-BA / Urban mobility: social participation as a way to the right to the city - the case of mobcities in Ilhéis-BA

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-451
Author(s):  
Catrine Cadja Indio do Brasil da Mata ◽  
Erica Almeida Leal ◽  
Aniram Lins Cavalcante ◽  
Zina Angelica Caceres Benavides
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Urban Issues ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

ResumoEste trabalho visa demonstrar o processo de redemocratização da cidade, tendo em vista que o Brasil enquanto Estado democrático de Direito, necessita dos instrumentos de participação social, capazes de conferir ao cidadão o sentimento de pertencimento e de apropriação do espaço urbano. Utilizou-se como metodologia a revisão bibliográfica para construção do primeiro e segundo capítulo, enquanto o terceiro capítulo foi construído através do estudo de caso do Projeto MobCidades no Município de Ilhéus-BA. Como resultado, constatou-se que a mobilização dos atores sociais e os mecanismos de democracia participativa ganham relevância no cenário político, mostrando-se imprescindíveis para viabilizar a destinação de recursos públicos para ações e projetos que atendam aos interesses de diversos segmentos sociais e propiciem melhorias significativas no âmbito da acessibilidade e da mobilidade urbana. Apesar da legitimação da participação popular nas questões urbanas, percebe-se que poderes deliberativos ainda permanecem sobre o manto da máquina estatal, enquanto o cidadão encontra-se distante da gestão pública, o que nos faz questionar sobre o funcionamento dos mecanismos de participação social, visando incluir os anseios da população nas decisões referentes a políticas de mobilidade.Palavras-chave: Redemocratização da cidade. Participação social. Inclusão. AbstractThis work aims to demonstrate the process of redemocratization of the city, considering that Brazil as a democratic State of Law, needs the instruments of social participation, capable of giving the citizen the feeling of belonging and appropriation of the urban space. To this end, a case study of the MobCidades Project was carried out in the Municipality of Ilhéus-BA, based on information and data obtained from the Instituto Nossa Ilhéus proponent of the project and a bibliographic review, based on books, periodicals and legislation dealing with on the matter, and case study. As a result, it was found that the mobilization of social actors and the mechanisms of participatory democracy gain relevance in the political scenario, proving to be essential to enable the allocation of public resources for actions and projects that meet the interests of different social segments and provide improvements significant in the scope of accessibility and urban mobility. Despite the legitimacy of popular participation in urban issues, it is clear that deliberative powers still remain under the mantle of the state machine, while the citizen is distant from public management, which makes us question the functioning of the mechanisms of social participation, aiming to include the population's concerns in decisions regarding mobility policies.Keywords: Redemocratization of the city. social participation. Inclusion.

scholarly journals Child Health in the Peruvian Amazon: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Referred Morbidity and Health Care Access in the City of Iñapari

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Maria Gabriela Silva Guimarães ◽  
Athos Muniz Braña ◽  
Humberto Oliart-Guzmán ◽  
Fernando Luiz Cunha Castelo Branco ◽  
Breno Matos Delfino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
The City

Introduction. Children under 5 years of age are more susceptible to developing morbidities such as diarrhea, respiratory infections, anemia, and malnutrition. The objective of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of reported morbidities in this age group in the city of Iñapari (Peru) and the access to health services in this municipality.Methods. Data collection using interviews that assessed socioeconomic and demographic conditions, child morbidity, and access to health services was performed in 2011. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0.Results. Regarding morbidities that occurred during lifetime, 39.8% reported previous anemia and intestinal parasite infection. About 53.7% of the children reported any type of morbidities in the last 15 days before interview, being most frequent respiratory symptoms (38.9%), diarrhea (23,4%), and fever (23,1%). Only 63.1% of those reporting recent morbidities sought health care. These morbidities were associated with precarious sanitation and lack of infrastructure, the presence of other comorbidities, and poor access to health services.Conclusion. The main referred morbidities in Amazonian Peruvian children were diarrhea, respiratory symptoms, anemia, and vomiting. Incentives and improvements in the health and sanitation conditions would be important measures to improve the quality of life of the Amazonian child population.

scholarly journals Access to Maternal Health Services during COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smriti Pant ◽  
Saugat Koirala ◽  
Madhusudan Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Care Delivery System ◽  
Maternal Health Services ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Movement Restriction

Most causes of maternal morbidity and mortality can be prevented by giving prompt, suitable treatment to the women by qualified health practitioners. Maternal health services (MHS), which include antenatal care, delivery care, and postnatal care, can play a crucial role in preventing maternal health problems. The recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a disastrous effect on the health care delivery system of people of all ages, on a global scale but pregnant women face particular challenges. The aim of this review is to assess the effect of COVID-19 on access to MHS. For writing this narrative review, national and international reports on maternal health services during COVID-19, along with journal articles on the related topic were reviewed. Due to this pandemic, women worldwide are facing more barriers to accessing maternal health care, including restrictions, transport challenges, and anxiety over possibly being exposed to coronavirus. Many women preferred not to seek healthcare due to the fear of themselves being infected with the virus or transmitting it to their unborn babies. Additionally, movement restriction has made it difficult for many pregnant women to reach health care facilities. Even those who managed to reach health facilities have reported not receiving timely care. As a result, a considerable rise in maternal mortality globally has been estimated over the next six months. Despite the circumstances, efforts have been made to boost maternal health in both developed and developing countries. This pandemic has highlighted the importance of health preparedness with special attention given to vulnerable people like pregnant women and newborns while planning for such events. Keywords: Childbirth, COVID19, Maternal Health, Pandemic, Pregnancy, Women’s health

scholarly journals Mental health crisis and spatial accessibility to mental health services in the city of Toronto: A geographic study

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-213
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Joseph Ariwi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Mental Health Crisis ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The City ◽  
Specialized Mental Health

Abstract: Mental illness includes a wide range of disorders that affect mood, thinking, behaviour and overall wellbeing. One in five Canadians has mental health care needs, many of which are unmet. Within the City of Toronto, the provision of specialized mental health care is delivered by over 100 public and private community service organisations and over 700 physicians with a psychiatric specialization - each providing community-based general or specialised care to residents in need. Research has shown that travel distance is an enabling factor of health service utilisation, thus equitable spatial access to services remains a key priority. Using spatial quantitative methods, this study examines potential spatial accessibility to both general and specialized mental health services within the City of Toronto, and levels of statistical association between access to care and prevalence of mental health crisis events. The main datasets analyzed including geo-referenced Census data and occurrence data on mental health crisis (represented by apprehensions under the Mental Health Act undertaken by the Toronto Police Service). The enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method is used to model spatial accessibility to mental health services based four modes of transportation: driving, walking, cycling and public transit. Areas that are underserved by mental health specialists and mental health community services are identified and shown to have different socioeconomic characteristics. The study reveals spatially explicit patterns of access to various mental health services in Toronto, providing detailed data to inform the planning of and policy on mental health care delivery concerning severe mental health crisis.

scholarly journals Spatial accessibility to mental health care in the City of Toronto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Ariwi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The City

Mental illness refers to a wide range of disorders that affect mood, thinking and behaviour. One in five Canadians has mental health care needs, many of which are unmet (Smetanin et al., 2015). Within the City of Toronto, the provision of mental health care is delivered by over 100 public and private community service organisations and over 700 physicians with a psychiatric specialization - each providing community-based general or specialised care to residents in need. Research has shown that travel distance is an enabling factor of health service utilisation, thus equitable spatial access to services remains a key priority (Fleury et al., 2012). Using spatial quantitative methods, this study examines potential spatial accessibility to mental health services and specialist physicians within the City of Toronto, and levels of statistical association between access to care and prevalence of mental health crisis events. A wide range of datasets is analyzed including occurrence data for apprehensions under the Mental Health Act undertaken by the Toronto Police Service and the Canadian Marginalization Index. The enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method is used to compute spatial accessibility to mental health services based four modes of transportation: driving, walking, cycling and public transit. Areas that are underserved by mental health specialists and mental health community services are identified and shown to have different income levels. This study provides spatial explicit patterns of accessibility to mental health services in Toronto, providing detailed data to inform planning and policy of mental health care delivery.

scholarly journals Spatial accessibility to mental health care in the City of Toronto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Ariwi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The City

Mental illness refers to a wide range of disorders that affect mood, thinking and behaviour. One in five Canadians has mental health care needs, many of which are unmet (Smetanin et al., 2015). Within the City of Toronto, the provision of mental health care is delivered by over 100 public and private community service organisations and over 700 physicians with a psychiatric specialization - each providing community-based general or specialised care to residents in need. Research has shown that travel distance is an enabling factor of health service utilisation, thus equitable spatial access to services remains a key priority (Fleury et al., 2012). Using spatial quantitative methods, this study examines potential spatial accessibility to mental health services and specialist physicians within the City of Toronto, and levels of statistical association between access to care and prevalence of mental health crisis events. A wide range of datasets is analyzed including occurrence data for apprehensions under the Mental Health Act undertaken by the Toronto Police Service and the Canadian Marginalization Index. The enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method is used to compute spatial accessibility to mental health services based four modes of transportation: driving, walking, cycling and public transit. Areas that are underserved by mental health specialists and mental health community services are identified and shown to have different income levels. This study provides spatial explicit patterns of accessibility to mental health services in Toronto, providing detailed data to inform planning and policy of mental health care delivery.

scholarly journals EXPERIENCES OF IMMIGRANT WOMEN ACCESSING HEALTH CARE IN PUNTA ARENAS, CHILE

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (spe) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mackarena Alejandra Antilef Ojeda ◽  
Evangelia Kotzias Atherino dos Santos ◽  
Pattrícia da Rosa Damiani
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health System ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the experience of immigrant women on access to health care in the city of Punta Arenas, Chile. Method: a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive approach study, in which 13 immigrant women took part. Data collection was carried out between March and July 2019, through four different focus groups. A thematic analysis was carried out. Results: from the analysis of the participants' narratives, the following categories emerged, detailed and analyzed in the light of other studies related to the theme: Use of the health services; Satisfaction in using the health services, and Obstacles to the use of the health services. Conclusion: in general, the immigrant population is required to know about their rights and duties as users of the health system.

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