scholarly journals Central Business District of St. Petersburg 1869–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Константин Аркадьевич Холодилин ◽  
Леонид Эдуардович Лимонов
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
City Center ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Business District ◽  
The City

The city center is at the core of urban and housing economics. Many models crucially depend on it. In a market economy, the location of urban amenities, especially eating establishments, closely correlates with that of the city center and, more generally, with the Central Business District (CBD). In a centrally planned economy, the spatial distribution of those amenities is determined by the central planner and can differ significantly from a market-based distribution. Using the case of St. Petersburg (Russia), we investigate changes in the spatial distribution of eating establishments resulting from the transition from a market economy to a centrally planned one and then again to a market economy. In addition, we explore the shifts of the city center between 1895 and 2017 using eating establishments as a proxy. The spatial distribution is analyzed using a 2-D kernel density estimation. We find evidence for a substantial reduction and dispersion of eating establishments during the Soviet period. We also establish that after the October 1917 Revolution the city center of St. Petersburg moved several kilometers to the north-east.

scholarly journals Perpanjangan Lintas Dan Rencana Pola Operasi Kereta Api Lembah Anai Wilayah Divre II Sumatera Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Eka Arista Anggorowati ◽  
Anggun Mega Nurfadhilla ◽  
Ari Widi Wibowo ◽  
Enrico Pria Anggana
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
City Center ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Potential Demand ◽  
Business District ◽  
The City ◽  
Center Increase

ABSTRACTThe growing population and the shifting of population movement from the suburbs to the city center will make the demand for rail transportation services to the city center increase. To deal with this problem, it is necessary to study the analysis related to potential demand, the need for the number of facilities and new operating patterns for the extension of railroad relations. The results of the research showed that the potential demand was obtained from the calculation of actual and potential demand, where the actual demand was obtained by carrying out a survey on train from 644 respondents, 85.5% agreed with the extension of the Lembah Anai Railway relation and as many as 88% were willing to choose the train mode. In the potential demand analysis, a stated preference survey was carried out in Pauh District, from 2636 respondents, 86.7% were willing to switch from private vehicles and public transportation to the railroad mode. Based on the analysis of the calculation of facility requirements according to the demand, 1 trainset is ready for operation to accommodate the community to carry out daily mobilization to the center of the Central Business District (CBD) in Padang City.Keywords: Demand, pattern of rail operations, Railway Travel Graph (RTG) ABSTRAK Berkembangnya jumlah penduduk dan semakin bergesernya pergerakan penduduk dari pinggiran kota menuju pusat kota akan membuat semakin meningkatnya jumlah permintaan akan jasa angkutan kereta api sampai menuju pusat kota. Untuk menunjang permasalahan tersebut perlu dikaji analisis terkait potensi demand, kebutuhan jumlah sarana dan pola operasi baru perpanjangan relasi kereta api. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan potensi demand didapatkan dari perhitungan demand aktual dan potensial, dimana demand aktual dilakukan survey on train dari 644 responden 85,5% setuju dengan adanya perpanjangan relasi Kereta Api Lembah Anai dan sebanyak 88% bersedia untuk memilih moda kereta api. Pada analisis demand secara potensial dilakukan survey stated preference di Kecamatan Pauh dari 2636 responden 86,7% bersedia untuk pindah dari moda kendaraan pribadi dan angkutan umum ke moda kereta api. Berdasarkan analisis perhitungan kebutuhan sarana sesuai dengan demand didapatkan 1 trainset Siap Operasi untuk mengakomodir masyarakat melakukan mobilisasi sehari-hari menuju pusat Central Business District (CBD) di Kota Padang.Kata kunci : Demand, kebutuhan sarana, pola operasi kereta api, Grafik Perjalanan Kereta Api (Gapeka)

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Margaretten
Keyword(s):  
Central Business District ◽  
City Center ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
Youth Homelessness ◽  
Inner Cities ◽  
Urban Citizenship ◽  
Apartment Complex ◽  
Business District ◽  
The City

This introductory chapter presents ethnographic vignettes to demonstrate the institutional inequalities and interpersonal abuses characterizing the lived experiences of youth homelessness in South Africa. These vignettes exhibit how plans of “rehabilitation” essentially equate to evictions and arrests, by means of which poor black youth—deemed unfit for urban citizenship—are expelled from the city center. The chapter also introduces Point Place, a five-story apartment complex located between Durban's beachfront and central business district. In many respects, the youthful occupation of Point Place reflects the shifting demographic of South Africa's inner cities. It reveals the uneasy transitions of the lifting of repressive influx-control laws and the subsequent flight of white residents and capital from the city centers.

CORPORATE FINAL NODAL DESTINATION CHOICES IN THE EXODUS FROM JOHANNESBURG CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nthatisi Khatleli
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Independent Observation ◽  
City Center ◽  
Destination Choices ◽  
Internal Migrations ◽  
Business District ◽  
The City ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Blue Chip

The opening up of the invisible barriers after the fall of apartheid in South Africa led to massive internal migrations and relocations to bigger cities. Johannesburg as the biggest economic hub not only in South Africa but in Africa, pulled the majority of the new opportunity seekers from across the Africa continent. This uncontrolled influx led to overcrowding, increased crime and grime in the city center of Johannesburg. The loss of value of property in this part of the city led to a lot of corporate organizations relocating to budding economic nodes in and around Johannesburg. The study seeks to understand the processes that were applied in deciding the suitable new Headquarters for these blue chip companies. The new nodes that accommodated the new relocators have over time assumed identities of their own in terms of the type of companies that are mostly found in these areas. Although these identity nuances are not pronounced at first glance, they are accentuated with greater scrutiny. The study sought to see if there is a fit between the independent observation of the characteristics of these locations and the perceived attractors to the blue chip firms. This was achieved by interviewing the executives of these companies and sending emails to some in order to understand the processes and triggers affecting their decisions. It was generally observed that prestige and locational characteristics that complemented the company’s ethos were the overriding triggers in deciding on the final nodal destination.

scholarly journals An Urban-Spatial Analysis of the Women in the Informal Sectors of Greater Guwahati City of Assam, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zona Bhuyan
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Guwahati City ◽  
Business District ◽  
The City

This article reflects the use of urban space by women in urban informal sectors in the city of Guwahati located in North East India. The population influx from across the borders in the aftermath of the partition has huge implications both on polity and on economy of the northeastern states in general and Assam in particular.  Importantly, the urban informal sectors have a sizeable share in terms of its significant contributions towards Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as generation of employment opportunities largely. Using a feminist perspective, the research is an attempt to investigate the engagement of women in the informal sector in greater Guwahati. Research findings reveal that the occupations of the women workers are location-specific, that is, the manufacturing sectors (textiles, food preparation, printing and skilled service) are mainly home/shop based production (fixed locations) whereas the service sectors (leisure, caring, elementary construction, elementary sales and cleaning occupation) operate at variable locations (construction sites, street pavements, marketplaces and other various locations). Further analysis shows that the informal sector is highly demand dependent and such demands are in the central business areas of the city, therefore informal sector services (skilled services and elementary services) are found to be located in and around the central areas of Guwahati city. Women operators in the informal sector are attracted to the central business district because of the many advantages that it enjoys relative to other parts of a city. The paper concludes by calling on policy makers and physical planning agencies to evolve more pragmatic strategies for urban development matters in order that urban informal sector activities can be integrated into urban development plans. Finally, further research is called for on how urban planners could redesign the urban space with appropriate consideration of the informal sector operators.

Ras al Khaimah: further archaeological discoveries

Antiquity ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (200) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Beatrice De Cardi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
The State ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Ras a1 Khaimah is the most northerly of the seven states comprising the United Arab Emirates and its Ruler, H. H. Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qasimi, is keenly interested in the history of the state and its people. Survey carried out there jointly with Dr D. B. Doe in 1968 had focused attention on the site of JuIfar which lies just north of the present town of Ras a1 Khaimah (de Cardi, 1971, 230-2). Julfar was in existence in Abbasid times and its importance as an entrep6t during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries-the Portuguese Period-is reflected by the quantity and variety of imported wares to be found among the ruins of the city. Most of the sites discovered during the survey dated from that period but a group of cairns near Ghalilah and some long gabled graves in the Shimal area to the north-east of the date-groves behind Ras a1 Khaimah (map, FIG. I) clearly represented a more distant past.

The influence of submesoscale eddies on hydrochemical parameters and structural and functional characteristics of phytoplankton in the north-eastern part of the Black Sea

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Sergey B. Kuklev ◽  
Vladimir A. Silkin ◽  
Valeriy K. Chasovnikov ◽  
Andrey G. Zatsepin ◽  
Larisa A. Pautova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticyclonic Eddy ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Hydrochemical Parameters ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Seasonal Thermocline ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The City ◽  
North Eastern Part

On June 7, 2018, a sub-mesoscale anticyclonic eddy induced by the wind (north-east) was registered on the shelf in the area of the city of Gelendzhik. With the help of field multidisciplinary expedition ship surveys, it was shown that this eddy exists in the layer above the seasonal thermocline. At the periphery of the eddy weak variability of hydrochemical parameters and quantitative indicators of phytoplankton were recorded. The result of the formation of such eddy structure was a shift in the structure of phytoplankton – the annual observed coccolithophores bloom was not registered.

Past Verses Present; Metamorphosis in Different Spheres of Guwahati: A Study of Srutimala Duara’s Mindprints of Guwahati

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ankita Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
River Bank ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Indian State ◽  
The City ◽  
Beautiful City

Guwahati derives its name from the Assamese word “Guwa” means areca nut and “Haat” means market. However, the modern Guwahati had been known as the ancient Pragjyotishpura and was the capital of Assam under the Kamrupa kingdom. A beautiful city Guwahati is situated on the south bank of the river Bramhaputra. Moreover, It is known as the largest city in the Indian state of Assam and also the largest metropolis in North East India. It has also its importance as the gateway to the North- East India. Assamese and English are the spoken languages in Guwahati.  In 1667, the Mogul forces were defeated in the battle by the Ahom forces commanded by Lachut Barphukan. Thus, in a sense Guwahati became the bone of contention among the Ahoms, Kochas and the Moguls during the medieval period.  Guwahati the administrative headquarters of Lower Assam with a viceroy or Barbhukan was made by the Ahom king.  Since 1972 it has been the capital of Assam. The present paper will discuss the changes happened in Guwahati over the period of late 1970s till the present time. It will focus on the behavior of people, transformed temples, Panbazar of the city, river bank of Bramhaputra, old Fancy Bazaar, chaotic ways, festivals and seasons including a fifth man made season etc. It will also deal how over the years a city endowed with nature’s gifts and scenic views, has been changing as “a dirty city”. Furthermore, it will also present the insurgencies that have barged into the city. The occurrence of changes will be discussed through the perspective and point of view of Srutimala Duara as presented in her book Mindprints of Guwahati.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Lichens in Metrosideros excelsa in Northern New Zealand Urban Forests

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Gladys N. Benitez ◽  
Glenn D. Aguilar ◽  
Dan Blanchon
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Lichen Community ◽  
The North ◽  
The City ◽  
Lichen Flora

The spatial distribution of corticolous lichens on the iconic New Zealand pōhutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa) tree was investigated from a survey of urban parks and forests across the city of Auckland in the North Island of New Zealand. Lichens were identified from ten randomly selected trees at 20 sampling sites, with 10 sites classified as coastal and another 10 as inland sites. Lichen data were correlated with distance from sea, distance from major roads, distance from native forests, mean tree DBH (diameter at breast height) and the seven-year average of measured NO2 over the area. A total of 33 lichen species were found with coastal sites harboring significantly higher average lichen species per tree as well as higher site species richness. We found mild hotspots in two sites for average lichen species per tree and another two separate sites for species richness, with all hotspots at the coast. A positive correlation between lichen species richness and DBH was found. Sites in coastal locations were more similar to each other in terms of lichen community composition than they were to adjacent inland sites and some species were only found at coastal sites. The average number of lichen species per tree was negatively correlated with distance from the coast, suggesting that the characteristic lichen flora found on pōhutukawa may be reliant on coastal microclimates. There were no correlations with distance from major roads, and a slight positive correlation between NO2 levels and average lichen species per tree.

Walking Distances to and from Light-Rail Transit Stations

1996 ◽  
Vol 1538 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean O'Sullivan ◽  
John Morrall
Keyword(s):  
Central Business District ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Light Rail Transit ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

A quantifiable basis for developing design guidelines for pedestrian access to light-rail transit (LRT) stations is provided for planners based on observations in Calgary, Canada. Calgary's LRT system, which began operations in 1981, has been operating for long enough for walking patterns to and from its stations to become established. Interviews were conducted with 1,800 peak-hour LRT users about the origins and destinations of their LRT trips. Those who walked to or from a station were asked to point out on a map their approximate origins or destinations. The distances were then measured off the maps. Walking distance guidelines were developed for central business district (CBD), transfer and local stations. Catchment area maps were produced, and the relationship between reported walking time and measured walking distance was calculated. Also compared are the walking distances at LRT stations and the walking distances at bus stops. The research strongly indicates that people walk farther to reach an LRT station than a bus stop. Using bus walking standards would result in an underestimate of LRT walking distances by about half. For the city of Calgary the average walking distance to suburban stations is 649 m with a 75th-percentile distance of 840 m. At CBD stations the average walking distance is 326 m and the 75th-percentile distance is 419 m.

scholarly journals THE TIME CAPSULE IN THE POST-SOVIET SOVKHOZ

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (47) ◽  
pp. 84-110
Author(s):  
Elena Malaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Logic ◽  
Soviet Economy ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
State Farm ◽  
The Past ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Capsule ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article is devoted to ideas about the Soviet era, widespread in а village in the north-east of Crimea. The paper offers an analysis of how the community, formed around a partially preserved state farm, builds its own picture of historical time, expands the imaginary boundaries of the Soviet period, and also thinks of it not so much as the past, but as the past future. Particular attention is paid to the object that organizes its temporality — а time capsule, which was laid twice in the studied village (in 1967 and in 2017), as well as its connection with the teleology of modernism. The article compares letters to descendants, sealed in two time capsules, as well as additional documents sent to the future. The text of the 1967 letter is based on a progressive narrative and contains a list of economic indicators of the success of the Soviet economy. By contrast, the 2017 text creates a picture of an unstable time of change, in which the focus is not on the predictable future, but on the vague past and present. The author of the article explains the nostalgia for the Soviet era in the studied community by the reaction to the changes and crises of the post-Soviet period, and suggests using temporal logic in the research of post-socialism.

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