scholarly journals Seed biometric parameters in oil palm accessions from a Brazilian germplasm bank

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 604-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julcéia Camillo ◽  
Valentine Carpes Braga ◽  
Jean Kleber de Abreu Mattos ◽  
Ricardo Lopes ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Vieira da Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Seed Characteristics

The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphological diversity of oil palm seeds and to cluster the accessions according to their morphological characteristics. Forty-one accessions from the oil palm germplasm bank of Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental were evaluated - 18 of Elaeis oleifera and 23 of E. guineensis. The groups were formed based on morphological characteristics, by principal component analysis. In E. oleifera, four groups were formed, tied to their region of origin, but with significant morphological differences between accessions from the same population. For tenera-type E. guineensis seeds, three widely divergent groups were formed, especially as to external parameters, which differentiated them from the other ones. The parameter endocarp thickness stood out in intra- and inter-population differentiation. For dura-type E. guineensis, three groups were formed, with larger seeds and thicker endocarps, which differed from all the other ones. The variability observed for seed characteristics in the analyzed accessions allows the establishment of different groups, to define strategies for genetic improvement.

Genetic and Morphological Differentiation between Dwarf and Normal Size Forms of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeafotmis) in Como Lake, Ontario

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Vuorinen ◽  
R. A. Bodaly ◽  
J. D. Reist ◽  
L. Bernatchez ◽  
J. J. Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Allopatric Divergence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Morphological Differences

Normal and dwarf size forms of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from Como Lake, Ontario, were sampled at spawning time and examined for differences in electrophoretic, mtDNA, and morphological characteristics to test the hypothesis of reproductive isolation and provide clues regarding evolutionary origin. Of the 36 enzyme loci examined, 33 were fixed for the same alleles in both dwarf and normal lake whitefish. At the three polymorphic loci, allele frequencies were not statistically different between dwarfs and normals. mtDNA analysis revealed five different haplotypes. The same mtDNA haplotype was the most common in both dwarf and normal lake whitefish, but there was a statistically significant difference in haplotype frequencies between the two size forms. Discriminant and principal component analyses demonstrated highly significant morphological differences between dwarfs and normals. Because the two size morphs spawn in the same place at the same time, it is most likely that genetic differences, not different rearing environments, underly the observed morphological differences. mtDNA haplotypes derived from both the Mississippi and Atlantic glacial refugia are present in Como Lake lake whitefish, raising the possibility of an allopatric divergence for the two forms; however, this hypothesis requires testing by genetic comparisons of other sympatric populations in Ontario.

scholarly journals Arceuthobium tsugense (Viscaceae): four subspecies with contrasting morphologies and host distributions

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-390
Author(s):  
Robert L. Mathiasen ◽  
Shawn C. Kenaley
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Discriminant Function Analyses

There have been four subspecies of hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense: Viscaceae) described by various investigators of this complex group of parasitic flowering plants: subsp. tsugense, subsp. amabilae, subsp. contortae, and subsp. mertensianae. As suggested by their subspecific epithets, these taxa differ in their host affinities; parasitizing different and the same hosts to varying degrees. Although these taxa also have morphological differences, their classifica-tion has been under debate for many years. Therefore, we compared the morphological characteristics of each subspecies using both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses in order to better assess their differences. Because some investigators have grouped hemlock dwarf mistletoe with western dwarf mistletoe (A. campylopodum), we also compared the subspecies of hemlock dwarf mistletoe with western dwarf mistletoe. Our morphometric analyses demonstrated that all of the subspecies are morphologically distinct from western dwarf mistletoe and that subsp. contortae is the most morphologically differentiated of the subspecies. Overlap in the morphological characters across two of the other three subspecies was evident; yet, subsp. amabilae and subsp. mertensianae were also consistently delimited using female and male plant morphologies. Statistical comparisons of female or male plants via standard and stepwise discriminant function analyses demonstrated that without consideration of host plant, female and male A. tsugense subsp. tsugense are morphologically similar to corresponding plants of subsp. amabilae and mertensianae but not subsp. contortae or A. campylopodum.

scholarly journals The wing phalanges (Phalanx proximalis digiti majoris) of European Accipitriformes and Falconiformes

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
Ida Horváth ◽  
Jenő Eugen Kessler ◽  
Tibor Pecsics
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anterior Surface ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Hungarian Natural History Museum ◽  
Owl Pellets

Abstract The authors compared the first phalanx of the second wing finger of 33 European diurnal raptors. The importance of studying this bone lies in the fact that, although it has diagnosable characteristics, it was practically neglected by osteologists and paleontologists. Thus, fossil materials can be identified through them, as well as those from owl pellets. The comparison was made possible by the comparative avian skeleton collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. In a preliminary investigation we examined the morphological diversity of the first phalanx of the second wing finger among the different species. We used principal component (PC) analyses on measurements. The PC described the curvature of the anterior surface of the bone and the relative size of the distal and proximal epiphyses. The principal component analysis showed slightly overlapping in shape between the taxons but the accipitriform and falconiform birds diverged in the morphospace. The attributes and geometry of the first phalanx of the second wing finger reflects more on taxonomic background than flying behaviour. The avian wing is a complex and highly modulable structure, therefore, probably body mass and size affect flying performance than the other morphological features of this bone. The text is supplemented by 6 figures and one size table.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Geometric Shell Shape between Populations of True Limpets Lottia Mesoleuca (Mollusca: Lottidae) in Colombia

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
Ana María Echeverry ◽  
Edgardo Londoño-Cruz ◽  
Hugo A. Benítez
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Shell Shape ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Different Populations

The increasing activity in morphological studies has provided new tools to analyses the shape quantitatively, these quantitative measurements allow the researcher to examine the variation in shape and perform analysis to examine the quantitative differences among the species shapes, where geometric morphometrics has rendered great results in the last years. This study was focused on assessing the morphometric variation between populations of Lottia mesoleuca of the family Lottidae, an abundant group of gastropods in the rocky ecosystems of Bahía Málaga and Isla Gorgona (Colombian Pacific). This family has a high morphological diversity, making the identification of some morphotypes problematic work. Geometric morphometrics methods were applied on the shell using dorsal, lateral and ventral views. Different multivariate analyses were performed to differentiate the groups of species and populations (principal component analysis, morphological distances comparisons and grouping analysis by means of the Ward method). The results indicate that individuals of the species Lottia mesoleuca have key geometric characteristics associated to the different populations (depth intertidal zones) for classification, being the geometric shape of the shell enough to determine morphotypes between the different populations studied. Aspects associated with the combination of ecological variables with morphometric ones are necessary to be able to visualize with a higher resolution the structural complexity of populations and their adaptation processes. Furthermore, it is obvious that there is a strong need to conduct more explorations of environmental and ecological processes that provide some insight on why the morphological characteristics are so variable in the same species.

scholarly journals Use of AFLPS to distinguish landraces of pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes) in brazilian Amazonia

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Clement ◽  
Nelcimar Reis Sousa ◽  
Doriane Picanço Rodrigues ◽  
Spártaco Astolfi-Filho ◽  
Yolanda Núñez Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bactris Gasipaes ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Peach Palm ◽  
Brazilian Amazonia ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Solimões River

Although the first inhabitants of western Amazonia domesticated pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Palmae) or peach palm for its fruits, today it is widely planted for its heart-of-palm. Like other domesticates, pejibaye presents a complex hierarchy of landraces developed before the conquest of the Americas. The existence of three landraces (Pará, Solimões, Putumayo) was proposed along the Amazonas and Solimões Rivers, Brazil, based on morphological characteristics. There are some questions remaining about the intermediate landrace being an artifact of the morphometric analysis. AFLPs were used to evaluate the relationships among samples of these putative landraces. DNA was extracted from 99 plants representing 13 populations maintained in the Pejibaye Germplasm Bank, Manaus, AM; six primer combinations generated 245 markers via PCR, which were scored in an ABI Prism 310 sequencer and analyzed with GeneScan Software; Jaccard similarities were estimated and a dendrogram was generated with UPGMA. Two groups of plants were observed in the dendrogram instead of three, and were similar at 0.795. Each group contained two subgroups, similar at 0.815. One group (n=41) contained 73% Pará landrace plants, with one subgroup (n=22) containing 91% Pará, and the other (n=19) containing 53% Pará. The other group (n=58) contained 53% Solimões and 40% Putumayo landrace plants, with one subgroup (n=21) containing 52% Solimões and 43% Putumayo, and the other (n=35) containing 57% Solimões and 37% Putumayo. The first group confirmed the Pará landrace. The second group suggested that the Solimões landrace does not exist, but that the Putumayo landrace extends along the Solimões River to Central Amazonia.

RHYNCHOLITES AND THE PROBLEM OF NARROW AND BROAD CONCEPTION OF TAXONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Khuzina ◽  
V. N. Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Broad Understanding

The paper considers a point of view, based on the conception of the broad understanding of taxons. According to this point of view, rhyncholites of the subgenus Dentatobeccus and Microbeccus are accepted to be synonymous with the genus Rhynchoteuthis, and subgenus Romanovichella is considered to be synonymous with the genus Palaeoteuthis. The criteria, exercising influence on the different approaches to the classification of rhyncholites, have been analyzed (such as age and individual variability, sexual dimorphism, pathological and teratological features, degree of disintegration of material), underestimation of which can lead to inaccuracy. Divestment of the subgenuses Dentatobeccus, Microbeccus and Romanovichella, possessing very bright morphological characteristics, to have an independent status and denomination to their synonyms, has been noted to be unjustified. An artificial system (any suggested variant) with all its minuses is a single probable system for rhyncholites. The main criteria, minimizing its negative sides and proving the separation of the new taxon, is an available mass-scale material. The narrow understanding of the genus, used in sensible limits, has been underlined to simplify the problem of the passing the view about the genus to the other investigators and recognition of rhyncholites for the practical tasks.

Zakat Tanaman Menurut Ulama Dayah Aceh Perspektif Maqāṣid Al-Syarī‘ah

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-296
Author(s):  
Alimuddin Alimuddin ◽  
Harjoni Desky
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Depth Study

This study examines the reasons for Achehness Ulama of Dayah regarding plants and seeds that are subject to zakat. How the logic of thinking used by these ulama and their relationship with maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah (syariah legal purposes). This research focuses on the legal substance of zakat as intended by the Qur’an and Hadith, then it is analyzed from the side of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah. The results of this study indicate that Acehnese Ulama argues that zakat of plants is only rice or a kind of staple food, on the grounds that it is a staple food of a country’s population, which has filling properties and can be stored and lasted. Other plants such as oil palm, cocoa, coffee, even though they are productive they are not zakatable wealth, because they do not meet these criteria. The legal reasoning of the Acehness Ulama uses the deductive method with the bayani (language) approach. On the other hand, the Acehness Ulama does not deny that the search for maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah can be done through in-depth study, but it is not yet certain that the obligations of zakat on productive plants can be formulated through this approach, so they reject it. According to them, the command of zakat can only be understood from the side of ta‘abbudī (worship approach), not through ta‘aqqulī (resourceful approach).

Chemical Composition, Morphological Characteristics, and Cell Wall Structure of Malaysian Oil Palm Fibers

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. S. Abdul Khalil ◽  
M. Siti Alwani ◽  
R. Ridzuan ◽  
H. Kamarudin ◽  
A. Khairul
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Cell Wall Structure ◽  
Wall Structure

Preliminary Communication: 2: The Highlands Dependency Questionnaire (HDQ): An administered version for use with mothers of school children

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Berg ◽  
Ralph McGuire ◽  
Edward Whelan
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Preliminary Communication ◽  
Mother Child Relationship

SYNOPSISA questionnaire concerned with dependency, mainly in the mother–child relationship, and intended for use in child psychiatry, is described. It was administered to the mothers of 116 randomly selected junior and secondary school children in the general population, stratified into age, sex, social class, and school groupings. Two meaningful dimensions were revealed by principal component factor analyses: one concerned with reliance on mother and the other reflecting sociability. Reliability and validity were found to be satisfactory.

scholarly journals Discrimination of brazilian red varietal wines according to their sensory descriptors

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1172-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Miele ◽  
Luiz Antenor Rizzon
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Sensory Panel ◽  
Red Grape ◽  
Grape Varieties

The purpose of this paper was to establish the sensory characteristics of wines made from old and newly introduced red grape varieties. To attain this objective, 16 Brazilian red varietal wines were evaluated by a sensory panel of enologists who assessed wines according to their aroma and flavor descriptors. A 90 mm unstructured scale was used to quantify the intensity of 26 descriptors, which were analyzed by means of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The PCA showed that three important components represented 74.11% of the total variation. PC 1 discriminated Tempranillo, Marselan and Ruby Cabernet wines, with Tempranillo being characterized by its equilibrium, quality, harmony, persistence and body, as well as by, fruity, spicy and oaky characters. The other two varietals were defined by vegetal, oaky and salty characteristics; PC 2 discriminated Pinot Noir, Sangiovese, Cabernet Sauvignon and Arinarnoa, where Pinot Noir was characterized by its floral flavor; PC 3 discriminated only Malbec, which had weak, floral and fruity characteristics. The other varietal wines did not show important discriminating effects.

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