scholarly journals INSECTICIDAL PROPERTIES OF SECONDARY METABOLITES PRODUCED BY AN ENDOLICHENIC FUNGUS, Penicillium pinophilum AGAINST STORED GRAIN INSECT PESTS, Callosobruchus maculatus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P.M. Cooray ◽  
◽  
T. Gobika ◽  
P.A. Paranagama ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Penicillium Pinophilum ◽  
Endolichenic Fungus

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity of Essential Oil from Coriandrum sativum Seeds against Tribolium confusum and Callosobruchus maculatus

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Khani ◽  
Tahere Rahdari
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Stored Grain

The biological activity of essential oil extracted from coriander, Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae), seeds against adults of Tribolium confusum Duval (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) was investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. Fumigant toxicity was assessed at 27±1°C and 65±5% R.H., in dark condition. Dry seeds of the plant were subject to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The composition of essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The predominant components in the oil were linalool (57.57%) and geranyl acetate (15.09%). The mortality of 1–7-day-old adults of the insect pests increased with concentration from 43 to 357 μL/L air and with exposure time from 3 to 24 h. In the probit analysis, LC50 values (lethal concentration for 50% mortality) showed that C. maculatus (LC50 = 1.34 μL/L air) was more susceptible than T. confusum (LC50 = 318.02 μL/L air) to seed essential oil of this plant. The essential oil of C. sativum can play an important role in stored grain protection and reduce the risks associated with the use of synthetic insecticides.

Toxic and repellent action of sugarcane bagasse-based lignin against some stored grain insect pests

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Muslima Khanam ◽  
D Talukder ◽  
MA Hye
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Class V

Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the efficacy of sugarcane bagasse-based lignin against four stored grain insect pests viz., Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum, Sitophilus oryzae and Callosobruchus maculatus. Mortality was assessed after 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment and LD50 values were calculated at the respective time intervals. It was observed that T. castaneum is more susceptible to the lignin than the other test insects. Repellent activity of the product was conducted for T. castaneum and T. confusum. All the concentrations of the product were found to be repellent to both the insect species. Strong repellent activity was observed at concentrations of 471.57 and 628.76 µg.cm-2 to T. confusum showing the repellency of class V activity. Key words: Bagasse-based lignin, toxicity, repellency, Tribolium castaneum, T. confusum, Sitophilus oryzae, Callosobruchus maculatus Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol.25 2006 p.27-30

scholarly journals Measuring the nutritional cost of insect infestation of stored maize and cowpea

Food Security ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya E. Stathers ◽  
Sarah E. J. Arnold ◽  
Corinne J. Rumney ◽  
Clare Hopson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Iron And Zinc

AbstractOur understanding and prevention of postharvest losses are critical if we are to feed a growing global population. Insect infestation-related losses of stored commodities are typically considered only in terms of quantitative, physical weight loss. Insect infestation affects the nutritional value and some nutritional components are impacted more severely than others. We infested maize and cowpea grain with commonly occurring stored product insect pests, and mapped infestation levels against nutritional composition over a 4-to-6 month storage period to analyse how insect infestation relates to different macro- and micro-nutrient contents. Insect infestation decreased the carbohydrate content of the stored grains, causing a relative increase in the proportion of protein and fibre in the remaining grain, and moisture content also increased. Sitophilus zeamais preferentially fed in the floury endosperm of maize, resulting in more carbohydrate loss relative to protein loss. Conversely, Prostephanus truncatus consumed the germ and endosperm, disproportionately reducing the fat, protein, iron and zinc grain contents. Nutrients are distributed more homogenously within cowpea than in maize grains, but Callosobruchus maculatus infestation increased the relative protein, fat, iron and zinc to carbohydrate ratios. This indicates how the nutrient content of insect-infested stored grain depends upon the grain type, the infesting insect, and the infestation level. Insect infestation therefore has consequences for human nutrition beyond those of grain weight loss. Using data collected on the changing nutritional composition of grain over time, with and without insect infestation, we modelled the associations between infestation and nutritional quality to predict estimated nutritional losses that could be associated with consumption of insect-infested stored maize and cowpea.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Cowpea Storage Technologies in the Sahel Region of Niger

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
Ousmane N. Bakoye ◽  
Baoua Ibrahim ◽  
Haoua Seyni ◽  
Laouali Amadou ◽  
Larry L. Murdock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sahel Region ◽  
Storage Technologies

Cowpea stored on smallholders’ farms suffers serious losses to insect pests. A study conducted in Niger compared five postharvest technologies marketed in sub-Saharan Africa to protect stored grain. Naturally-infested cowpea stored for eight months showed adult Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) mortality of 97% to 100% in the hermetic bags (PICSTM, SuperGrainbagTM, AgroZ®, EVAL™, and ZeroFly® bags). There was no change in grain damage and weight loss of cowpea stored in hermetic bags. There was, however, a loss of up to 10 to 16% in germination when the grain was stored in hermetic bags. Results observed for grain stored in ZeroFly® bags impregnated with deltamethrin were substantial and similar to those in control woven bags. In both ZeroFly® and woven bags, (1) adult C. maculatus population augmented by 35.7% and 78.6%, (2) increased weight losses of 27.3% and 25.2%, and (3) reduced germination of 37.0% and 28.8%, respectively. After opening the bags, abrasions were noted on the liners of hermetic bags, potential damage that could limit their reuse if they only have a single liner. Smallholder farmers in the Sahel can safely store their cowpea in all the hermetic bags tested. However, further research is needed to mitigate insect damage on liners of hermetic bags to improve their performance and reusability.

In the search for new secondary metabolites with biopesticidal properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos L. Céspedes ◽  
Julio E. Alarcon ◽  
Pedro Aqueveque ◽  
David S. Seigler ◽  
Isao Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Defense ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Plant Chemical Defense ◽  
Insect Growth

Secondary metabolites are involved in diverse functions in plants, including defense and protective processes. Information concerning the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plants points at a constitutive or induced chemical defense, generated for protection against a variety of phytopathogenic attacks. Our phytochemical studies are aimed at finding biopesticides of botanical origin. Some plant taxa of American distribution are toxic to selected insects, fungi and bacterial strains, and their effect has been associated with the presence of phenolics, phenylpropanoids and terpenes. We have isolated some diterpenes, triterpenes, sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoids from members of the plant families Araucariaceae, Asteraceae, Calceolariaceae, Celastraceae, and Rhamnaceae. In addition, we have identified a number of chemical derivatives of these compound classes from the plants. A major finding indicates that compounds or their derivatives that possess antioxidant, antifungal, insect growth regulator or insecticidal activity and enzymatic inhibitors are natural compounds. Insecticidal activities were assayed against strains of lepidopteran, dipteran, and coleopteran insect pests that affect many crops. Antifungal and antibacterial activities were assayed against phytopathogenic species of filamentous fungi and bacterial strains that are pests on many crops. Our results indicate that the plant-derived compounds obtained from the abovementioned plants have excellent insect growth regulatory activity and a good potency as antifungal agents. However, little is known about the effects of these natural compounds and their derivatives on insect pests. The natural compounds that we have isolated represent a valuable resource for future studies of plant chemical defense and the role of these substances in chemical ecology.

scholarly journals Photorhabdus sp. ETL Antimicrobial Properties and Characterization of Its Secondary Metabolites by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Tshikala Eddie Lulamba ◽  
Ezekiel Green ◽  
Mahloro Hope Serepa-Dlamini
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Properties And Characterization

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are known to be highly pathogenic to insect pests, due to their associated symbiotic bacteria, which produce virulence factors, exo-enzymes and other harmful secondary metabolites to conquer, kill, and degrade their insect hosts. However, these properties are not fully characterized. This study reports on the antimicrobial activities of Photorhabdus sp. strain ETL, symbiotically associated to an insect pathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis zealandica, against human pathogenic bacteria and toxigenic fungi, as well as the non-targeted profiling of its secondary metabolites (SMs) using gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Fatty acids including 3-eicosene, (E)-; 5-eicosene, (E)-; eicosene; 9-octadecenamide; undecanoic acid with shown antimicrobial activities were detected. This provided more insight on the composition and bioactivities of SMs produced by the Photorhabdus sp.

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