Photorhabdus sp. ETL Antimicrobial Properties and Characterization of Its Secondary Metabolites by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are known to be highly pathogenic to insect pests, due to their associated symbiotic bacteria, which produce virulence factors, exo-enzymes and other harmful secondary metabolites to conquer, kill, and degrade their insect hosts. However, these properties are not fully characterized. This study reports on the antimicrobial activities of Photorhabdus sp. strain ETL, symbiotically associated to an insect pathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis zealandica, against human pathogenic bacteria and toxigenic fungi, as well as the non-targeted profiling of its secondary metabolites (SMs) using gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Fatty acids including 3-eicosene, (E)-; 5-eicosene, (E)-; eicosene; 9-octadecenamide; undecanoic acid with shown antimicrobial activities were detected. This provided more insight on the composition and bioactivities of SMs produced by the Photorhabdus sp.

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GC-MS Analysis of the Compositions and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils From Five Species of Lamiaceae in Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-745421/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

mansureh ghavam

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Probability Of Error ◽

Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Essential oils (EOs) separated from Lamiaceae species attract more attention due to their abundant use in the preservation of natural foods and pharmaceutics and have gained considerable interester in research and industrial. The aim of this study was to evaluate composition and antimicrobial activity of EOs obtained from five species Lamiaceae in Iran. After extraction of EOs by Clevenger, their composition was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Antimicrobial properties were assayed by measuring inhibition zones, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The results showed that the effects of species, on yield and predominant compounds amount of EOs of five species were significant with a probability of error of 1 %. The yield of oils were varied from ~ 0.02 to ~ 1.88%. About 66 components were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the dominant compounds were included thymol (67.71%), oleic acid (0.49–62.09%), (-)-caryophyllene oxide (0.41–24.81%), α-pinene (1.09–19.41%), 1,8-cineole (0.22–15.40%), palmitic acid (0.32–13.28%), (+)spathulenol (11.16%), and germacrene D (0.30-10.26%) in different species. The results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of the inhibition zone obtained treating the different microorganisms with the essential oil of five species (P ≤ 0.01). The highest inhibition zone belonged to TDEO (39.33 ± 0.58 and 25.00 ± 0.00 mm) against Gram-positive S. aureus and A. brasiliensis. The Gram-negative P. aeruginosa showed the lowest inhibitory resistance to HIEO, SIEO, and ROEO (with a MIC value of 31.25 µg/mL), which was very significant compared to rifampin. Therefore, EOs of five species have potential applications in the control of various bacteria and fungi and can be a natural alternative to some antibiotics.

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GCMS ANALYSIS OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI CURVULARIA AERIA MTCC-12847 ISOLATED FROM TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS L.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2019v11i4.28440 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 26-32

Author(s):

Kamana Sahani ◽

DEEPENDRA THAKUR

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Active Compound ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Tribulus Terrestris ◽

Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Objective: The objective of the present investigation was to perform the Gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis of endophytic fungi Curvularia aeria MTCC-12847 isolated from Tribulus terrestris L. to find out the active compound present in the extract. Methods: The endophytic fungi were isolated from the plant Tribulus Terrestris L., leaf which was cultivated in optimized media for the production of secondary metabolites and was extracted using ethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate extract was used for the Gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. Results: GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungi revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites, the highest amount present was Palmitic acid (24.54%) and Lowest was Dimethyl 1-phenyl-7-methyl-1-hydroxy-1,4-dihydronaphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylate (5.76%). Conclusion: The endophytic fungal Curvularia aeria MTCC-12847 extract isolated from the Tribulus terrestris L. shows the presence of various bioactive compounds.

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Diversity of Secondary Metabolites in Roots from Conium maculatum L.

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9080939 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 939

Author(s):

Remigius Chizzola ◽

Ulrike Lohwasser

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

High Variability ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Conium Maculatum ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Tap Root ◽

Toxic Plant

Background: Conium maculatum is known as highly toxic plant, due to piperidine alkaloids present in the aerial parts. In a first attempt, in various tap root samples, however, alkaloids could not be detected. The present study describes active compounds in the tap roots from 16 populations harvested at maturity. The compounds were extracted with dichloromethane from root pieces of single plants and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Ten bioactive compounds were evaluated: five furocoumarins, two prenylated coumarins, two aliphatic C17-polyacetylenes and the phenylpropanoid elemicin. A high variability could be observed, the highest concentrations were measured for falcarindiol, xanthotoxin and isopimpinellin, the lowest for elemicin. In sum C. maculatum roots contained comparable amounts of compounds that are characteristic for Apiaceae, and also occur in vegetables as carrots, parsnip, parsley or celeriac.

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Biosecurity Dogs Detect Live Insects after Training with Odor-Proxy Training Aids: Scent Extract and Dead Specimens

Chemical Senses ◽

10.1093/chemse/bjaa001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 179-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ariella Y Moser ◽

Wendy Y Brown ◽

Lewis A Bizo ◽

Nigel R Andrew ◽

Michelle K Taylor

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Target Species ◽

Broad Application ◽

Training Aids ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Scent Detection

Abstract Detector dogs could be trained to find invasive insect pests at borders before they establish in new areas. However, without access to the live insects themselves, odor training aids are needed to condition dogs to their scent. This proof-of-concept study assessed 2 potential training aids for insect detection: a scent extract and dead specimens of the target species. Using Musgraveia sulciventris (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae) as an experimental model, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were carried out to compare the chemical headspaces that make up the odors of live specimens and these 2 training aids. This was then followed by canine scent-detection testing to investigate biosecurity detector dogs’ (n = 4) responses to training in an ecologically valid context. Both the scent extract and the dead specimens shared the majority of their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with live insects. Of the dogs trained with scent extract (n = 2), both were able to detect the live insects accurately, and of those trained with dead specimens (n = 2), one detected the live insects accurately. These findings lend support for these training aids as odor-proxies for live insects—particularly scent extract, which is a relatively novel product with the potential for broad application to facilitate and improve insect-detection training.

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Secondary metabolites and pesticide screening in organic and inorganic tomatoes by gas Chromatography–Mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Pharmacognosy Magazine ◽

10.4103/pm.pm_76_19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (68) ◽

pp. 187

Author(s):

VR Sinija ◽

MS Shwetha ◽

M Durgadevi

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Tandem Mass ◽

Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

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Identification of Secondary Metabolites from the Ethanol extract of the leaves of Bauhinia tomentosa by GC-MS Analysis

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00482 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2335-2341

Author(s):

R. Balabhaskar ◽

K. Vijayalakshmi

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Mass Spectra ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Alpha Tocopherol ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Ms Analysis

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is normally used for direct analysis of chemical components existing in herbal medicines. The medicinal plants are having numerous bioactive components which are identified even at less than 1ng by using GC-MS or LC-MS analysis. The aim of this study is to identify the secondary metabolites present in the leaves of B. tomentosa using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. In the present study the ethanol extract of the leaves of Bauhinia tomentosa has been subjected to GC-MS analysis, while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 14 secondary metabolites. These compounds were identified by comparing their retention times and peak areas with those from the literature and by interpretation of the mass spectra. The major secondary metabolites were DL-.alpha.-tocopherol (14.84%), 2-[(trimethylsilyl oxy]-, methyl ester, 1-alpha,2-alpha.-epoxy-1-beta-methylcholesta-4,6-dien-3-one (12.93%), pentacosenoic acid (12.71%), phytol (10.28%), Ethyl Isoallocholate (8.197%), Spirost-8-en-11-one-3-hydroxy-,(3-beta,5 alpha,14 beta,20 beta, 22 beta,25R)-(8.162%), Urs-12-en-28-ol (6.675%), 1-Octadecyne (5.702%) and Cholest-8-en-3-beta-ol,Acetate (5.426%). The compounds having area less that 5% were considered of no significance. These findings suggest that the presence of these secondary metabolites may be the cause for the properties exhibited by Bauhinia tomentosa. Thus, presence of various bioactive compounds justifies the use of the leaf for various ailments by traditional practitioners.

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