scholarly journals Individual development and adaptation: A life-span longitudinal program suited for person-oriented research

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
Lars R. Bergman ◽  
Anna-Karin Andershed ◽  
Anna Meehan ◽  
Henrik Andershed
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Oriented Approach ◽  
Oriented Research

In this article, we give a presentation of the longitudinal research program Individual Development and Adaptation (IDA) that can be helpful as a template for researchers considering to launch their own longitudinal studies, and that opens the door to IDA for researchers looking for suitable data to be analyzed within their own project or in collab-oration with IDA. We also introduce the holistic-interactionistic theoretical framework of IDA and the associated person-oriented approach – an approach that is especially suited for analyzing the rich IDA data set with its broad coverage of different areas of adjustment and related factors. The paper provides an overview of the essential features of the IDA database, as well as of ongoing and planned IDA research. Keywords: IDA, longitudinal, prospective, person-oriented, development, adaptation

Policy Issue Substance and the Revitalization of Legislative Studies

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Lapinski
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Legislative Studies ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Vantage Points ◽  
Oriented Approach ◽  
Oriented Research

This chapter seeks to introduce a substance-oriented research program based on policy issues for studying Congress from multiple vantage points. In doing so, it makes serious progress on systematically understanding Theodore Lowi's provocative claim that “policy determines politics,” which, while important, has never been satisfactorily understood, either empirically or theoretically. In advancing a substance-oriented approach to studying policymaking and lawmaking in Congress, the chapter sheds light on several important new tools and ideas to use in determining how policy issue substance matters for lawmaking. These include new data, such as an immense data set on U.S. lawmaking between 1877 to 1994; new and massive measures of political preferences broken down by policy issue areas for U.S. lawmakers spanning the period 1877 to 2010; and fresh approaches to analyzing these new data sets.

scholarly journals Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization in Youth: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Marciano ◽  
Peter J Schulz ◽  
Anne-Linda Camerini
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Cyberbullying perpetration (CP) and victimization (CV) are prevalent issues in adolescent development. However, previous meta-analyses focused only on cross-sectional findings. The present study aims to meta-analytically summarize 56 longitudinal studies on CP, CV, and related factors in children and adolescents. Forty meta-analyses on CP and CV as both predictors and outcomes of person-related, Internet activity-related, and contextual factors were performed. Additional moderator analyses took into account study design, sample population, and quality of the studies. Results highlight reciprocal longitudinal effects among CP, CV, and both traditional bullying and victimization: CP causes externalizing problem behaviors over time, whereas CV constitutes a risk factor of internalizing problems, such as depression and anxiety. Conversely, behavioral problems and increased Internet use predict involvement in CP, while depression, anxiety, and Internet use also predict CV over time. Further longitudinal research is needed to provide empirical evidence on understudied concepts.

Developing a Longitudinal Research Program to Measure Impacts of a Special Event

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Shultis ◽  
Margaret E. Johnston ◽  
G. David Twynam
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Special Event

Parent and Grandparent Relationships in Emerging Adulthood

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Pratt ◽  
M. Kyle Matsuba
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Family Development ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Theory Framework

Chapter 7 begins with an overview of Erikson’s ideas about intimacy and its place in the life cycle, followed by a summary of Bowlby and Ainsworth’s attachment theory framework and its relation to family development. The authors review existing longitudinal research on the development of family relationships in adolescence and emerging adulthood, focusing on evidence with regard to links to McAdams and Pals’ personality model. They discuss the evidence, both questionnaire and narrative, from the Futures Study data set on family relationships, including emerging adults’ relations with parents and, separately, with grandparents, as well as their anticipations of their own parenthood. As a way of illustrating the key personality concepts from this family chapter, the authors end with a case study of Jane Fonda in youth and her father, Henry Fonda, to illustrate these issues through the lives of a 20th-century Hollywood dynasty of actors.

scholarly journals Related Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Osteosarcopenia: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Tatsuro Inoue ◽  
Keisuke Maeda ◽  
Ayano Nagano ◽  
Akio Shimizu ◽  
Junko Ueshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia are common geriatric diseases among older adults and harm activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QOL). Osteosarcopenia is a unique syndrome that is a concomitant of both osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia. This review aimed to summarize the related factors and clinical outcomes of osteosarcopenia to facilitate understanding, evaluation, prevention, treatment, and further research on osteosarcopenia. We searched the literature to include meta-analyses, reviews, and clinical trials. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults is significantly higher in female (up to 64.3%) compared to male (8–11%). Osteosarcopenia is a risk factor for death, fractures, and falls based on longitudinal studies. However, the associations between osteosarcopenia and many other factors have been derived based on cross-sectional studies, so the causal relationship is not clear. Few studies of osteosarcopenia in hospitals have been conducted. Osteosarcopenia is a new concept and has not yet been fully researched its relationship to clinical outcomes. Longitudinal studies and high-quality interventional studies are warranted in the future.

scholarly journals Building prediction models for coronary heart disease by synthesizing multiple longitudinal research findings

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guizhou Hu ◽  
Martin M. Root
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Data Set

Background No methodology is currently available to allow the combining of individual risk factor information derived from different longitudinal studies for a chronic disease in a multivariate fashion. This paper introduces such a methodology, named Synthesis Analysis, which is essentially a multivariate meta-analytic technique. Design The construction and validation of statistical models using available data sets. Methods and results Two analyses are presented. (1) With the same data, Synthesis Analysis produced a similar prediction model to the conventional regression approach when using the same risk variables. Synthesis Analysis produced better prediction models when additional risk variables were added. (2) A four-variable empirical logistic model for death from coronary heart disease was developed with data from the Framingham Heart Study. A synthesized prediction model with five new variables added to this empirical model was developed using Synthesis Analysis and literature information. This model was then compared with the four-variable empirical model using the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) Epidemiologic Follow-up Study data set. The synthesized model had significantly improved predictive power ( x2 = 43.8, P < 0.00001). Conclusions Synthesis Analysis provides a new means of developing complex disease predictive models from the medical literature.

scholarly journals 9/11-related PTSD among highly exposed populations: a systematic review 15 years after the attack

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lowell ◽  
B. Suarez-Jimenez ◽  
L. Helpman ◽  
X. Zhu ◽  
A. Durosky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Back Ground

BackgroundThe 11 September 2001 (9/11) attacks were unprecedented in magnitude and mental health impact. While a large body of research has emerged since the attacks, published reviews are few, and are limited by an emphasis on cross-sectional research, short time frame, and exclusion of treatment studies. Additionally, to date, there has been no systematic review of available longitudinal information as a unique data set. Consequently, knowledge regarding long-term trajectories of 9/11-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among highly exposed populations, and whether available treatment approaches effectively address PTSD within the context of mass, man-made disaster, remains limited.MethodsThe present review aimed to address these gaps using a systematic review of peer-reviewed reports from October 2001 to May 2016. Eligible reports were of longitudinal studies of PTSD among highly exposed populations. We identified 20 reports of 9/11-related PTSD, including 13 longitudinal prevalence studies and seven treatment studies.ResultsFindings suggest a substantial burden of 9/11-related PTSD among those highly exposed to the attack, associated with a range of sociodemographic and back-ground factors, and characteristics of peri-event exposure. While most longitudinal studies show declining rates of prevalence of PTSD, studies of rescue/recovery workers have documented an increase over time. Treatment studies were few, and generally limited by methodological shortcomings, but support exposure-based therapies.ConclusionFuture directions for research, treatment, and healthcare policy are discussed.

scholarly journals Do organizations learn? Results of a Hungarian longitudinal school-research program

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Kersánszki ◽  
Tibor Baráth ◽  
Ágnes Fazekas
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Learning Organization ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Organization Model ◽  
School Research ◽  
Over Time

Our study was based on the results of longitudinal research conducted between 2015 and 2021, which examined the schools learning organizations and sought to answer the question of what factors may be most decisive in the operation of schools that can effectively support student achievement, and how they change over time. After describing the theoretical models describing the learning organization of schools, the correlations of quantitative data and models and their five-year change are analyzed.It is clear from the data that educators and leaders see shared goals and a vision, and a willingness to take risks and innovate as the most advanced. There is a lack of responsibility and a collaborative atmosphere, and a dimension of knowledge sharing and partnerships. The shift in primary variables and more advanced statistical analyzes predict the emergence of newer learning organization model alternatives that can more accurately describe changes and areas of learning organization dimensions.

Transition to work, mismatch and underemployment among graduates: an Australian longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Jackson ◽  
Ian Li
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Graduate Level ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Over Time

PurposeThere are ongoing concerns regarding university degree credentials leading to graduate-level employment. Tracking graduate underemployment is complicated by inconsistent measures and tendencies to report on outcomes soon after graduation. Our study explored transition into graduate-level work beyond the short-term, examining how determining factors change over time.Design/methodology/approachWe considered time-based underemployment (graduates are working less hours than desired) and overqualification (skills in employment not matching education level/type) perspectives. We used a national data set for 41,671 graduates of Australian universities in 2016 and 2017, surveyed at four months and three years' post-graduation, to explore determining factors in the short and medium-term. Descriptive statistical techniques and binary logistic regression were used to address our research aims.FindingsGraduates' medium-term employment states were generally positive with reduced unemployment and increased full-time job attainment. Importantly, most graduates that were initially underemployed transited to full-time work at three years post-graduation. However, around one-fifth of graduates were overqualified in the medium-term. While there was some evidence of the initially qualified transitioning to matched employment, supporting career mobility theory, over one-third remaining overqualified. Skills, personal characteristics and degree-related factors each influenced initial overqualification, while discipline was more important in the medium-term.Originality/valueOur study explores both time-based underemployment and overqualification, and over time, builds on earlier work. Given the longer-term, negative effects of mismatch on graduates' career and wellbeing, findings highlight the need for career learning strategies to manage underemployment and consideration of future labour market policy for tertiary graduates.

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