Reaching Self-actualization in Education: Construction and Validation of a Hierarchical Scale

The present study aimed to adapt and validate the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in the EFL settings of Iranian universities. A review of the related literature showed that there are very few studies on the application of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in learning contexts, especially that of foreign/second language classes. To do so, having revised and rephrased the items in the scale developed for Hierarchy of Needs, the researcher made sure of the content validity and reliability of the revised version. Afterwards, the designed questionnaires were distributed among 271 learners of language studying at Ferdowsi, Imam Reza and Tabaran universities. The obtained data were then analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis procedures were held to ensure the construct validity of the questionnaire. The designed scale was validated through certain statistical procedures. Confirmatory Factor Analysis and content validity procedures were done to ensure the validity of the scale. In addition to this, using Coranbach’s coefficient of reliability, the items and the scale as a whole were proven to be reliable. The significance of the work lies in the fact that the better an educator knows their own students, the better rapport they can establish with them. This can to a great extent improve the teaching and learning process in different contexts. It is to be said that this scale can be of great significance in any kinds of research in the field that deals with needs and expectations of students at different levels.

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Adaptation of the Competencies for Disaster Nursing Management Questionnaire: Turkish Version

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2021.160 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Utku Durgut ◽

Tulin Yildiz

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Content Validity ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Measurement Tool ◽

Nursing Management ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Validity Index ◽

Content Validity Index ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to carry out the validity and reliability study for the adaptation of the Competencies for Disaster Nursing Management Questionnaire (CDNMQ), which was developed by Al Thobaity and others in 2016, (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26778698/) to Turkish, and to be able to use in the nursing literature. Method: This study was conducted in a methodological approach. The scale used in this study was a 10-point Likert scale with 43 items and 3 subfactors. The questionnaire was applied to 450 nurses. The validity and reliability of the scale were evaluated using the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The content validity index was measured within the scope of the internal consistency measurements, and the Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient was examined for the test-retest. Results: The content validity index score was found to be 0.98. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis of the CDNMQ, it was found that the 3-factor structure of the scale was valid and the goodness of fit tests was appropriate. Conclusion: The findings have shown that the CDNMQ study is similar to the original scale and an adequate measurement tool in determining competencies in disaster nursing management.

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Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE)

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02337-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Omid Hatami ◽

Mahdi Aghabagheri ◽

Somayeh Kahdouei ◽

Khadijeh Nasiriani

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Content Validity ◽

The Elderly ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Persian Version ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Activity Scale ◽

Physical Activity Scale

Abstract Background Old age is associated with reduced physical ability. It is necessary to measure and evaluate the physical activity of older people. Implementing appropriate requires a valid and reliable tool. Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) is the frequently used self-reported physical activity assessment for older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the translation validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. Methods This study is a methodological, descriptive applied research was conducted on 300 older people. The translation process of the English version of PASE into Persian was carried out according to the process of translation and adaptation of scale recommended by the World Health Organization. The reliability of the scale was examined by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The reliability and validity of the scale were evaluated by following the “Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Status Measurement Instruments” (COSMIN) checklist. To assess the face and content validity, impact score (IS), the content validity ratio (CVR), and the content validity index (CVI) were determined. A confirmatory factor analysis was also performed. Results The experts approved the quality of the Persian version of PASE. The reliability was calculated with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.94, an ICC of 0.99, and a test-retest correlation coefficient of 0.94. The qualitative and quantitative face validity of all questions by expert judgment and IS of greater than 1.5 was considered. Also, CVR and CVI scores of all questions were higher than 0.6 and 0.79, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good fit for the original three-factor structure. Conclusions The Persian or Farsi version of PASE was shown to have acceptable validity and reliability. This tool is suitable for measuring the physical activity level in the Persian elderly language special in clinical environments and therapeutic interventions.

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Validity and reliability of Turkish version of “Paternal Antenatal Attachment Questionnaire”

Journal of Human Sciences ◽

10.14687/jhs.v18i1.6047 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Duygu Güleç Şatır ◽

Oya Kavlak

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Content Validity ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Turkish Version ◽

Validity Index ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Expectant Fathers ◽

Antenatal Attachment

Objective:The study was carry out in order to evaluate the validity and reliability of Paternal-Antenatal Attachment Questionnaire. Method: Research was made with 155 expectant fathers who attended routine pregnancy controls with their partners in a obstetric and gynecology clinic in Izmir, were literate, aged 18 or older and without any health risk of fetus. Data were collected by information form and Paternal-Antenatal Attachment Questionnaire by developed Condon in 1993. İnitially the language validity of the scale was made by using the translation-back translation method with five experts. The Turkish version of the scale was presented to the opinion of ten experts using Davis technique for the content validity and content validity index was calculated. Factor structure was tested.by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. In the confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modelling fit indices were examined. Findings: Content validity index of each item was determined to vary between .80–1.00. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, a two-factor structure explaining 36.54% of the total variance of the scale was determined. Factor loads vary between 0.41-0.84 in the one dimension and 0.30-0.82 in the another dimension. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that this two-factor structure was appropriate (RMSEA 0.044, GFI 0.912, AGFI 0.880 χ2/df ise 1.298(p=0.025). The Cronbach’s alpha value of scale was 0.79. Conclusions: The two-factor structure of the scale, as “attachment quality” and “time spent of attachment mode” is valid and reliable for the use of expectant fathers’ Turkish society. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Amaç: Araştırma “Paternal Antenatal Bağlanma Ölçeği”nin geçerlik ve güvenirliğini incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yöntem: Araştırma İzmir’de bir kadın doğum kliniğine, eşleriyle birlikte rutin gebelik kontrollerine katılan, okuma yazma bilen, 18 yaş üzeri ve fetüste herhangi sağlık riski bulunmayan 155 baba adayı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler sosyodemografik bilgi formu ve Condon tarafından 1993 tarihinde geliştirilmiş olan “Paternal Antenatal Bağlanma Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Öncelikle beş uzman ile çeviri-geri çeviri yöntemi kullanılarak ölçeğin dil geçerliği yapılmıştır. Türkçe son hali oluşturulmuş ölçek kapsam geçerliliği için Davis tekniği kullanılarak on alan uzmanın görüşüne sunulmuş ve kapsam geçerlik indeksi hesaplanmıştır. Açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile ölçeğin faktör yapısı değerlendirilmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi için yapısal eşitlik modeli uyum indeksleri incelenmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenirlik analizinde cronbach alfa güvenirlik katsayısı ve madde toplam kolelasyon değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: Kapsam geçerlik indeksi sonucu her bir maddenin 0,80-1,00 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi ile ölçeğin toplam varyansının % 36.54’ünü açıklayan iki faktörlü bir yapı belirlenmiştir. Faktör yükleri ilk boyutta 0.41- 0.84 arasında değişirken diğer boyutta 0.30-0.82 değerleri arasında değişmektedir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi bu iki faktörlü yapının uygun olduğunu göstermiştir (RMSEA 0.044, GFI 0.912, AGFI 0.880 χ2/df ise 1.298(p=0.025). Ölçeğin Cronbach’s Alpha değeri 0.79 bulunmuştur. Sonuç: “Bağlanma kalitesi” ve “bağlanmaya yönelik geçirilen zaman” olmak üzere iki faktörlü yapıdan oluşan ölçek Türk toplumunda bebek bekleyen baba adaylarının kullanılması için geçerli ve güvenilirdir.

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Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the lymphedema symptom intensity and distress survey

Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.5606/tftrd.2021.6228 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 428-438

Author(s):

Zeynep Deveci ◽

Özgül Karayurt ◽

Buket Çelik ◽

Sibel Eyigör

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Content Validity ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Turkish Version ◽

Cronbach Alpha ◽

Symptom Intensity ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Parallel Forms

Objectives: This study aims to adapt the Lymphedema Symptom Intensity and Distress Survey- Arm (LSIDS-Arm) into Turkish and to test its validity and reliability. Patients and methods: Between September 2017 and July 2018, this descriptive, methodological study included a total of 186 women (mean age: 55.4±10.2 years; range, 20 to 80 years) who were diagnosed with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) and followed in the lymphedema outpatient clinic. Data were collected using sociodemographic and clinical features form, LSIDS-Arm, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Breast Cancer Scale+4 (FACT-B+4). After the linguistic and content validity of the scale was achieved, confirmatory factor analysis and known-groups validation were utilized to test the construct validity. Reliability of the survey was tested using the Cronbach alpha and Spearman Brown coefficient, item analysis, and parallel forms reliability. Results: All patients completed the questionnaire. After achievement of linguistic and content validity, confirmatory factor analysis results were found to be higher than the accepted value. Known-groups validation revealed a significant difference in the mean scores for the intensity and distress scales between the patients with and without lymphedema. Cronbach alpha for the subscales ranged from 0.61 to 0.86. Parallel forms reliability showed a moderate, significant correlation between subscales of the intensity and distress scales of the survey and the subscales of FACT-B+4. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the survey is valid and reliable and can be used to evaluate symptoms, severity of symptoms, and distress caused by BCRL symptoms in the Turkish women.

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The validity and reliability of Persian version of smartphone addiction questionnaire in Iran

Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy ◽

10.1186/s13011-021-00407-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zahra Shaahmadi ◽

Touraj Ahmadi Jouybari ◽

Bahare Lotfi ◽

Abbas Aghaei ◽

Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Content Validity ◽

Face Validity ◽

Smartphone Addiction ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Persian Version ◽

Persian Language ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Iranian Version

Abstract Background Smartphone addiction is one of the most important forms of technology addiction that has attracted the attention of all countries around the world. Many studies have been conducted in Iran on cellphone addiction among different groups. There is a necessity to have a native scale for measuring smartphone addiction in particular. Therefore, this study aimed to localize the smartphone addiction questionnaire in Iran (in the Persian language). Methods To assess the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the smartphone addiction scale (SAS), the questionnaire was first provided based on the standard back-translation method. Next, content validity ratio (CVR), content validity index (CVI), and face validity was evaluated for translated questionnaire. After making the necessary changes, the questionnaire was given to the community samples and was then reviewed using confirmatory factor analysis of questions grouping. Finally, the reliability of the questionnaire was investigated by the test-retest method. Results The CVR and CVI values of all questions were within the acceptable range. Only some of the questions in the original SAS version titled Twitter and Facebook were changed to Instagram and telegram according to experts. Internal consistency and concurrent validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha of 0.951. The mean correlation coefficient between the responses of the subjects, who received the questionnaire twice, was 0.946 (0.938–0.954). The grouping of questions in the subscales was changed from the original SAS version because the fitting indexes, obtained from the confirmatory factor analysis test (for example CMIN/DF greater than 5 units and RMSEA of approximately 0.07), were not acceptable. Conclusion The results showed that the Iranian version of the cellphone addiction questionnaire can be used as a valid, with minimal modification, tool for determining the level of smartphone addiction among Persian speakers.

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Psychometric Adequacy of the Persian Version of the Performance Management Behavior Questionnaire in Universities

Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery ◽

10.32598/jhnm.31.4.2124 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 236-244

Author(s):

Leila Keikavoosi-Arani ◽

◽

Leili Salehi ◽

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Performance Management ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Content Validity ◽

Faculty Members ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Management Behavior ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Introduction: Despite interest in improving performance management in universities, few studies have examined this topic. Because of the absence of validated tools in Iran for assessing behavior performance management, this study was conducted to validate the behavior performance management scale. Objective: This study aimed to assess the psychometric adequacy of the Performance Management Behavior Questionnaire (PMBQ) for the heads of university departments in Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in four phases. The first and second phases included PMBQ translation and its modification in accordance with the educational setting. The third phase consisted of the content and face validation, and the fourth phase aimed to evaluate the construct validity and reliability of this scale. All 400 faculty members (200 for exploratory factor analysis and 200 for confirmatory factor analysis) were studied. After translation, the 27-item PMBQ was evaluated for validity and reliability. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) were computed for content validity. For construct validation, the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The PMBQ reliability was assessed by the Cronbach α coefficient. Results: Considering eigenvalues above one, five factors were identified that jointly explained 58.22% of the variance observed. Based on the arrangement of the factors, they labeled as monitoring performance management (9 items), coaching (6 items), goal setting (6 items), communication (3 items), and providing consequence (2 items). Results showed that the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) varied between 0.51 and 0.60; composite reliability was between 0.7 and 0.81, and the Cronbach α coefficient was between 0.70 and 0.82. Conclusion: PMBQ as a valid and reliable tool can be used for assessing the behavior of the heads of departments from the viewpoints of faculty members.

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Validity and reliability of the lederman Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (PSEQ) in Brazil

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03959-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Janiny Lima e Silva ◽

Matheus de Sousa Mata ◽

Saionara Maria Aires Câmara ◽

Íris do Céu Clara Costa ◽

Kleyton Santos de Medeiros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Psychosocial Adaptation ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Evaluation Questionnaire ◽

Self Evaluation ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Background The Lederman Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (PSEQ) is used to assess psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy, labor, childbirth, and maternity. The PSEQ is a tool used in various countries and has been translated into Portuguese; however, it needs to be validated in Brazil. This study aimed to analyze the validity and reliability of the PSEQ in Brazilian pregnant women. Method This methodological validity study investigated internal consistency and reliability using Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients. Construct validity was assessed using Pearson’s correlation between domains and confirmatory factor analysis. To assess concurrent validity, Pearson’s correlation between the different domains of the PSEQ and Prenatal Psychosocial Profile-Portuguese Version (PPP-VP) was determined. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results This study included 399 pregnant women in the northeastern region of Brazil. The internal consistency and reliability of the total PSEQ score were high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.95). Validity analysis showed positive and significant correlations between all PSEQ domains, ranging from 0.14 to 0.56. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the following values of goodness of fit: RMSEA = 0.05, SRMR = 0.08, CFI = 0.61, χ2/df = 1.77. The discriminant and concurrent validities of the PSEQ were confirmed. Conclusions The Portuguese version of the PSEQ has adequate psychometric properties and is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy in Brazilian pregnant women.

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Validation of a social-cognitive theory-based tool for measuring factors influencing obesity prevention behaviors in 4-6 years old children using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)

10.53350/pjmhs211562025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 2025-2030

Author(s):

Maryam Seraji ◽

Maryam Zahmatkeshan ◽

Victoria Momen Abadi ◽

Elham Nejadsadeghi

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Social Cognitive Theory ◽

Obesity Prevention ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Cognitive Theory ◽

Child Obesity ◽

Face Validity ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Background: Child obesity is one of the main health problems all across the world, which leads to mental and physical health problems. Various models are used in designing intervention to prevent child obesity, one of which is social-cognitive theory (SCT). The constructs of social-cognitive theory are commonly used for designing preventive interventions. However, there is no specific tool based on the constructs of social-cognitive theory to assess the factors associated with child obesity. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and confirmatory factor analysis of a SCT-based questionnaire for assessing obesity preventing behaviors among 4-6 years old children. Method: A cross-sectional study was first conducted in 2016 on 240 preschool children aged 4-6 years in Behbahan city (a city in southwest Iran) to assess the obesity prevention behaviors among them using a SCT-based questionnaire. To investigate the validity and confirmatory factor analysis of the SCT-based questionnaire, content and face validity as well as forward-backward translation method were used. Reliability of the questionnaire was also measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was assured by confirmatory factor analysis. To measure the obesity prevention behaviors in 4-6 years old children, the construct of SCT, including environment, emotional coping, outcome expectations, goal setting and self-efficacy were used. Also, the obesity prevention behaviors used in the model included physical activity, consumption of fruit and vegetable, consumption of sugar-free drinks, and screen. Results: Results of this study confirmed the acceptable content and face validity of the SCT-based questionnaire. The results of confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the factor loading of more than 0.3 for all variables; therefore, the SCT-based questionnaire had an acceptable validity and reliability. Conclusions: Since the SCT-based questionnaire had an acceptable validity and reliability, it can be used to assess the obesity prevention behaviors in 4-6 year old children, and also to design relevant educational interventions. Keywords: Validation, Social-Cognitive Theory, Behavior, Childhood obesity, Preschool, Prevention

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Insulin initiative attitudes of type 2 diabetes individuals Turkish validity and reliability study

Progress in Health Sciences ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.9283 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 75-82

Author(s):

İlayda Oylum Guleryuz ◽

Figen Okçın

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Insulin Therapy ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach Alpha ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Age Range

Purpose: A study was conducted to investigate the Turkish Validity and Reliability of the Insulin Initiation Attitudes Scale of individuals with Type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: This methodologically planned study was conducted with 128 Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who met the sampling criteria. Data collected using a personal information form to identify individuals diagnosed with diabetes and CH-ASIQ, which assessed their attitudes towards diabetes, and the form Insulin Therapy Attitude Scale parallel as a parallel form. For the statistical analysis of the data, Construct Validity, Exploratory Factor Analysis, and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Pearson, Gutmann, Split Half, Spearman, Cronbach Alpha coefficient methods were used. Results: It was statistically significant; it is seen that 14.1% of the participants were in the 41-50 age range, 37.5% were in the 51-60 age range, and 48.8% were 61 and over. According to Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test, the result was found to be 0.626. According to the results of factor analysis, 4 factors have emerged which have Eigenvalues above 1 and explain 69.48% of the total variance. According to Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Structural Equation Modeling Results of the scale were found to be p=0.000. According to Cronbach Alpha result 0.756. Conclusion: There was a relationship between attitudes to having information about the treatment of diabetics and attitude, and there was the relationship between them. Effects of fear, pain on these findings were observed. The importance of education for a positive attitude was determined. The importance of patients' attitudes towards insulin therapy should be emphasized for adaptation to the disease.

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Measuring Exercise Induced Affect in Adults with Brain Injuries

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.23.1.1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Simon Driver

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Four Dimensions ◽

Feeling States ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Single Bout ◽

Exercise Induced

The aim of the study was to provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the Physical Activity Affect Scale (PAAS; Lox, Jackson, Tuholski, Wasley, & Treasure, 2000) as a measure of exercise induced affect for adults with brain injuries. The PAAS is a 12-item measure of feeling states based on Russell’s (1980) conceptualization of affect. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on data from 193 participants with brain injuries who completed the PAAS following a single bout of exercise. Results identified four dimensions of affect (positive affect, negative affect, tranquility, and fatigue). Findings provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the PAAS as a measure of exercise induced affect for adults with brain injuries.

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