A method for assessing of ship fuel system failures resulting from fuel changeover imposed by environmental requirements

Environmental regulations instigated the technological and procedural revolution in shipping. One of the challenges has been sulfur emission control areas (SECA) and requirement of fuel changeover. Initially, many reports anticipated that new grades of low sulfur fuels might increase various technical problems in ship operation. This research develops a simple and easy to use method of the failure severity and intensity assessment in relation to fuel changeover. The scale of failure rate in the ship’s fuel system was evaluated qualitatively and quantitively, using developed failure frequency indicator and the time between failure. Based on 77 records of fuel system failures collected on seven ships, it has been found that frequency of failures related to SECA fuel changeover is on average nearly three times higher compared to the rest of sailing time. Their severity did not significantly change, but the structure of failures changed considerably. The method and presented results may help in improvement of ship’s systems design and on-board operational procedures.

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Protection of Data Privacy in Computer Systems

Israel Law Review ◽

10.1017/s0021223700008840 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 5-14

Author(s):

Benjamin G. Walker

Keyword(s):

Data Privacy ◽

Computer Systems ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Diagnostic Information ◽

Sensitive Data ◽

Technical Problems ◽

System Failures ◽

Telephone Conversation ◽

Computer Based ◽

Maintenance Personnel

The protection of data in computer-based systems is a serious and growing problem. It is one of the most challenging technical problems in the field of computer science today. The objective of this paper is to provide a technical overview of the problem and to suggest some steps that need to be taken to assure progress in the field toward cost-effective systems that provide adequate protection.The Problem: Protecting the privacy of data in computer systems involves establishing safeguards against accidental disclosure as well as protection against a deliberate attack. During system failures and restart procedures errors in coding procedures often cause data to be stored in the wrong files or put sensitive data out on the printer along with diagnostic information intended for maintenance personnel. You have probably had the experience at some time of being wired into someone else's telephone conversation.

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Maintenance Operations and its Management in Oil Industry in Kuwait

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques ◽

10.47277/jett/8(4)1567 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 1563-1567

Keyword(s):

Petroleum Industry ◽

Oil Industry ◽

Computing Device ◽

Technical Problems ◽

Maintenance Strategies ◽

Failure Frequency ◽

Lathe Machine ◽

Radial Drilling ◽

Lapping Machine ◽

Oil Company

The maintenance in oil area need to undertake entire shutdowns together with generic refinery turn-around, unit shutdowns on a full accountability foundation and Scaffolding services. The in-house equipment and equipment: the in-house Maintenance workshop facility ought to be completely outfitted with lathe machines, shaping machine, hole spindle lathe machine, horizontal boring machine, radial drilling machine, pipe threading machine, valve lapping machine, mechanical seal lapping machine, welding computing device and all sorts of specialized warmness exchanger re-tubing gear and tools. Maintenance operations in this zone face many troubles in management, price and technical problems. This study aims to study the and count the failures occurred in equipments of Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) in 2019, and study the maintenance strategies used in petroleum industry in the Kuwait state, a maintenance programs or steps will be suggested and investigated in order to improve the maintenance operations. Availability of devices are calculated depending on downtime of the devices at KOC. The data were collected about failures frequency occurred for the KOC company equipments. Most of oil equipments have good availability but in the case of KOC four devices have availability less than 90% which means more failure and downtime, the company adopted a Zero S/D PM Strategy or Philosophy which decreasing failures by 75% and improve the availability of KOC devices. Planning and management of maintenance and monitoring operations in any company decreasing failure frequency of equipments and so downtime of equipments which improves the equipments availability.

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Economic and Technical Challenges Facing Large-Scale Gas Turbine Projects due to Environmental Requirements for Extremely Low Emissions

Volume 3: Heat Transfer; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration ◽

10.1115/2001-gt-0591 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Justin Zachary

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Power Generation ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Gas Turbine ◽

Gas Turbines ◽

Large Scale ◽

The United States ◽

Fuel Gas ◽

Environmental Requirements ◽

Low Sulfur

Since 1998, the United States has experienced a tremendous increase in power generation projects using gas turbine technology. By burning natural gas as the primary fuel and low sulfur oil as a back-up fuel, gas turbines are the cleanest form of fossil power generation.

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Superlow-Friction Carbon Films for Fuel System Components Operating in Low-Sulfur Diesel Fuels

10.4271/2001-01-3524 ◽

2001 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Erdemir ◽

J. Kavich ◽

J. Woodford ◽

L. Ajayi ◽

G. Fenske

Keyword(s):

Carbon Films ◽

Fuel System ◽

Diesel Fuels ◽

System Components ◽

Low Sulfur

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A study of the output characteristics of electric fuel pumps during artificial fault simulation

FME Transaction ◽

10.5937/fme2102480g ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 480-487

Author(s):

A. Gritsenko ◽

Vladimir Shepelev ◽

A. Burzev ◽

G. Salimonenko

Keyword(s):

Motor Vehicle ◽

Fault Simulation ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Technical Condition ◽

Fuel System ◽

Fuel Pump ◽

System Failures ◽

Output Characteristics ◽

Injection Unit ◽

Electric Fuel Pump

The electric fuel pump (EFP) is one of the potential sources of fuel system failures. According to various data, the fuel system accounts for 25...50% of all failures. The most common reason for the impairment of the fuel system performance and, in particular, the failure of the fuel pump is the contamination of fuel with large or small particles, as well as the wear of the structural elements of the EFP. The purpose of the study is to determine the technical condition of electric fuel pumps of motor vehicle engines based on the use of testing technologies. The paper discusses theoretical and experimental studies of the fuel system of motor vehicle engines: the change in the current consumption rate of the EFP depending on the degree of contamination of series elements in the system and leaks in the injection unit of the EFP.

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X-Ray Analysis of Frozen Hydrated Sections:The Unconventional Approach

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100056065 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 754-757

Author(s):

R. Beeuwkes ◽

A. Saubermann ◽

P. Echlin ◽

S. Churchill

Keyword(s):

Ratio Method ◽

Frozen Sections ◽

Technical Problems ◽

Sample Handling ◽

X Ray ◽

Common Group ◽

Ideal Method ◽

Classic Paper ◽

Physical Principles ◽

The Ideal

Fifteen years ago, Hall described clearly the advantages of the thin section approach to biological x-ray microanalysis, and described clearly the ratio method for quantitive analysis in such preparations. In this now classic paper, he also made it clear that the ideal method of sample preparation would involve only freezing and sectioning at low temperature. Subsequently, Hall and his coworkers, as well as others, have applied themselves to the task of direct x-ray microanalysis of frozen sections. To achieve this goal, different methodological approachs have been developed as different groups sought solutions to a common group of technical problems. This report describes some of these problems and indicates the specific approaches and procedures developed by our group in order to overcome them. We acknowledge that the techniques evolved by our group are quite different from earlier approaches to cryomicrotomy and sample handling, hence the title of our paper. However, such departures from tradition have been based upon our attempt to apply basic physical principles to the processes involved. We feel we have demonstrated that such a break with tradition has valuable consequences.

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On the High Voltage Electron Microscopy (1 MeV) of Biological Thick Sections

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100095571 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 464-465

Author(s):

William H. Massover

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

High Voltage ◽

Present Report ◽

Biological Tissues ◽

Specimen Preparation ◽

Technical Problems ◽

High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Voltage Electron ◽

High Voltage Electron

Stereoscopic examination of thick sections of fixed and embedded biological tissues by high voltage electron microscopy has been shown to allow direct visualization of three-dimensional fine structure. The present report will consider the occurrence of some new technical problems in specimen preparation and Image interpretation that are not common during lower voltage studies of thin sections.Thick Sectioning and Tissue Coloration - Epon sections of 0.5 μm or more that are cut with glass knives do not have a uniform thickness as Judged by their interference colors; these colors change with time during their flotation on the knife bath, and again when drying onto the specimen support. Quoted thicknesses thus must be considered only as rough estimates unless measured in specific regions by other methods. Chloroform vapors do not always result in good spreading of thick sections; however, they will spread spontaneously to large degrees after resting on the flotation bath for several minutes. Ribbons of thick sections have been almost impossible to obtain.

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