Is it possible to determine firearm calibre and shooting range from the examination of gunshot residue in close range gunshot wounds? An experimental study

Introduction: The aim of the study was determining the type of weapon and shooting distance depending on chemical analysis of inorganic gunshot residue from the skin gunshot wounds in experimental animals (pigs).Methods: Experimental study was conducted in order to determine components and their percentage in gunshot residue (GSR). In 60 samples, pig skin was shot by fi ring projectiles from four different weapons and from three different distances (contact wound and near contact wound from 5 cm and 10 cm). The methodology included determining the presence of inorganic material: antimony, barium, lead, nickel, zinc and copper in the skin and subcutaneous tissue using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS).Results: Formula for determining weapon type was provided cutt-off points for different weapons, with 78.6% of original grouped cases being correctly classifi ed. Formula for determining weapon type was provided cutt-off points for different distances, with 58.9% of original grouped cases being correctly classified, which was slightly less reliable compared to weapon type discrimination analysis.Conclusion: The presented study showed that chemical analysis of GSR in entrance wound with AAS could be useful in determining the type of weapon, as well as the shooting distance, i.e. in our study, determiningwhether the wound is contact or near contact. This could be particularly useful in postmortally putrefi ed or charred bodies with gunshot wounds.

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About the traumatic ring around the entrance hole of the gunshot wounds

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj77912 ◽

1927 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 132-133

Author(s):

A. D. Grigoriev

Keyword(s):

Centrifugal Force ◽

Gunshot Wounds ◽

Long Distance ◽

Entrance Wound ◽

Close Range ◽

Entrance Hole

The author points out that when shots are fired at a long distance, the bullet, having traveled a long distance, loses its centrifugal force and acts only percussively, more slowly passing through the thickness of tissues and injuring them much more than when fired at close range, so that a traumatic ring is formed in the circumference of the entrance wound.

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Appearance and characteristics of the gunshot wounds caused by different fire weapons - animal model

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh191212020g ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 148 (5-6) ◽

pp. 350-356

Author(s):

Anisa Gradascevic ◽

Ivan Soldatovic ◽

Anes Joguncic ◽

Miroslav Milosevic ◽

Nermin Sarajlic

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Animal Model ◽

Gunshot Wounds ◽

Gunshot Residue ◽

Forensic Investigation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Types ◽

Important Evidence ◽

Gunpowder Residue

Introduction/Objective. Gunshot residue (GSR) on the skin of a victim are important evidence, with far better precision, for reconstructive questions in the forensic investigation of cases involving gunshot wounds. The aim of this experimental study was to analyze if there was any significant difference in macroscopic characteristics of wounds that were caused with different types of weapons from three different distances. Methods. This study was conducted at the Department of Ballistic and Mechanoscopic Expertise, Federal Police Directorate. Experiments were done on pigskin and 55 samples were made. Shooting was conducted using a system for safe firing. Samples of the pigskin were shot by firing projectiles from four different weapons and from three different distances, (contact wound, five centimetres and 10 centimetres). Results. At the contact range, wounds caused by automatic rifle had horizontal, vertical diameters larger than those made by pistols. Diameters on the wounds that were caused with different pistols, were similar. At the range of five centimetres, the narrowest part of contusion ring significantly differs even through pistol wounds. Diameters at the range of 10 centimetres are in favor of these results. Gunpowder residue scattering area was statistically different depending of type of weapon (p = 0.004). Conclusion. Wound diameters and surface area are useful for differentiation between pistol and rifle caused wounds. It is unsecure method for determination of pistol caliber or fire range. GSR have much greater potential for future analyses, but even GSR cannot be used to determine pistol caliber.

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Design and experimental study of electrochemical detector with EWOD for chemical analysis

The 5th 2012 Biomedical Engineering International Conference ◽

10.1109/bmeicon.2012.6465509 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Kessararat Ugsornrat ◽

Tawee Pogfai ◽

Thitima Maturos ◽

Chanpen Kuruwan ◽

Anuarat Wisitsoraat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Electrochemical Detector

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A comparative experimental study on the blast-resistant performances of single and multi-layered thin plates under close-range airblast loading

China Ocean Engineering ◽

10.1007/s13344-013-0044-6 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 523-535

Author(s):

Chang-hai Chen ◽

Xi Zhu ◽

Li-jun Zhang ◽

Hai-liang Hou ◽

Xiao-le Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Thin Plates ◽

Close Range

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Assessment of Adverse Effects of Lead, Nickel and Cadmium on Biochemical Parameters, Antioxidants Status and Metallothionein Expression in Buffaloes Slaughtered at Local Abattoir

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-4242 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Himalaya Bhardwaj ◽

Chanchal Singh ◽

Shashi Nayyar

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Health Concern ◽

Control Group ◽

Lead Nickel

Background: With the pace of industrialization, heavy metal level has been increasing in animals thereby causing deleterious effects, which emanate as public health concern, associated with their accumulation in food chain. The present study was undertaken to assess the systemic damage caused by heavy metals in buffaloes. Methods: The assessment of adverse effects of the lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd), in blood was determined by monitoring the levels of biochemical parameters, antioxidants and expression of metallothionein in buffaloes. Blood and tissue (liver, kidney, pancreas and ovary) samples (n=50) were collected from local abattoir to estimate the levels of lead, nickel and cadmium using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Antioxidants and biochemical parameters were estimated using standard procedures and while the expression of metallothionein-2 was analyzed using real-time PCR.Result: After determining the concentration of heavy metals in samples the buffaloes were classified as heavy metal exposed and non-exposed groups. The plasma level of heavy metals were found to be significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than the permissible limit in exposed buffaloes. In tissues, heavy metals levels were within the permissible limits. Malondialdehyde level in each of lead, nickel and cadmium exposed groups was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than the non-exposed, control group. The antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione was found to be increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in exposed groups. Also, plasma glucose, cholesterol, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), urea and creatinine levels were found to be significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in the blood of the animal model used for the study. The fold change expression of MT-2 in blood was found to be at maximum level in cadmium and minimum in nickel exposed buffaloes. It can be concluded from the results of the experiment that heavy metals affect major organs (liver, kidney and muscle etc.) as evident by altered intracellular expression of MT-2, antioxidants and biochemical parameters.

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