About the traumatic ring around the entrance hole of the gunshot wounds

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
A. D. Grigoriev
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Force ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Entrance Wound ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Entrance Hole

The author points out that when shots are fired at a long distance, the bullet, having traveled a long distance, loses its centrifugal force and acts only percussively, more slowly passing through the thickness of tissues and injuring them much more than when fired at close range, so that a traumatic ring is formed in the circumference of the entrance wound.

scholarly journals Is it possible to determine firearm calibre and shooting range from the examination of gunshot residue in close range gunshot wounds? An experimental study

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisa Gradaščević ◽  
Emina Resić ◽  
Nermin Sarajlić ◽  
Bruno Franjić ◽  
Arif Salkić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Gunshot Residue ◽  
Entrance Wound ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Lead Nickel ◽  
Shooting Distance

Introduction: The aim of the study was determining the type of weapon and shooting distance depending on chemical analysis of inorganic gunshot residue from the skin gunshot wounds in experimental animals (pigs).Methods: Experimental study was conducted in order to determine components and their percentage in gunshot residue (GSR). In 60 samples, pig skin was shot by fi ring projectiles from four different weapons and from three different distances (contact wound and near contact wound from 5 cm and 10 cm). The methodology included determining the presence of inorganic material: antimony, barium, lead, nickel, zinc and copper in the skin and subcutaneous tissue using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS).Results: Formula for determining weapon type was provided cutt-off points for different weapons, with 78.6% of original grouped cases being correctly classifi ed. Formula for determining weapon type was provided cutt-off points for different distances, with 58.9% of original grouped cases being correctly classified, which was slightly less reliable compared to weapon type discrimination analysis.Conclusion: The presented study showed that chemical analysis of GSR in entrance wound with AAS could be useful in determining the type of weapon, as well as the shooting distance, i.e. in our study, determiningwhether the wound is contact or near contact. This could be particularly useful in postmortally putrefi ed or charred bodies with gunshot wounds.

scholarly journals Vision does not impact walking performance in Argentine ants

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (20) ◽  
pp. jeb228460
Author(s):  
Glenna T. Clifton ◽  
David Holway ◽  
Nicholas Gravish
Keyword(s):  
Vision Loss ◽  
Obstacle Detection ◽  
Argentine Ant ◽  
Tactile Sensing ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Uneven Terrain ◽  
Approach Speed ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Walking Performance ◽  
Walking Speeds

ABSTRACTMany walking insects use vision for long-distance navigation, but the influence of vision on rapid walking performance that requires close-range obstacle detection and directing the limbs towards stable footholds remains largely untested. We compared Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) workers in light versus darkness while traversing flat and uneven terrain. In darkness, ants reduced flat-ground walking speeds by only 5%. Similarly, the approach speed and time to cross a step obstacle were not significantly affected by lack of lighting. To determine whether tactile sensing might compensate for vision loss, we tracked antennal motion and observed shifts in spatiotemporal activity as a result of terrain structure but not illumination. Together, these findings suggest that vision does not impact walking performance in Argentine ant workers. Our results help contextualize eye variation across ants, including subterranean, nocturnal and eyeless species that walk in complete darkness. More broadly, our findings highlight the importance of integrating vision, proprioception and tactile sensing for robust locomotion in unstructured environments.

Quantifying conspicuousness and sexual dimorphism of the plumage in birds: a new approach

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 1972-1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves de Repentigny ◽  
Henri Ouellet ◽  
Raymond McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Field Guides ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Colour System ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Munsell System

In studies of sexual selection in birds, it is necessary to quantify the conspicuousness and sexual dimorphism of the plumage. We present a method, based on the Munsell colour system, that is easier to use than spectroradiometric techniques. It is based on measurable and repeatable data, although it is dependent on human vision. It provides indices of sexual dimorphism and incorporates aspects of close-range and long-distance conspicuousness. Ten species of Emberezidae were chosen to illustrate the procedure, and it was tested using naive observers. It consists of dividing the body of a bird into regions and matching the colour of each region to chips in a colour guide. The following indices based on the parameters of the Munsell system were selected: value (V), chroma (C), and Munsell power (V∙C), which measure conspicuousness independently of the background; Wv, Wc, and Wv∙c, which measure the contrast between the colours in the plumage; Bv, Bc, and Bv∙c, which measure the contrast between the bird and its background; and Dv, Dc, and Dv∙c, which are the indices of sexual dimorphism of the plumage. There was a high degree of agreement among the naive observers, and the scores obtained using field guides did not differ significantly from those recorded on museum specimens. One of the dimorphism indices (Dv∙c) was found to give more information than the others. However, our results indicate that conspicuousness and dimorphism indices should not be used individually because they are interdependent, and that they should be used in conjunction with multivariate analyses. Also, the proposed method incorporates long-distance conspicuousness into the results.

Cues Used in Searching for Food By Red-Winged Blackbirds (Agelaius Phoeniceus)

Behaviour ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 174-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Alcock
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Agelaius Phoeniceus ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Scanning Strategy ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Initial Tendency

AbstractSixteen red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) were given an opportunity on each of four consecutive days to search for food items partly hidden in a wooden "food maze". The birds were divided equally into four groups. Each group on Days 1 and 2 of the experiment hunted for one of two baits placed on one of two separate rows of holes in the food maze (either sunflower seed bits in the lower row or seeds in the upper row or mealworm halves in the lower row or mealworms in the upper row). On the second day of the experiment the birds' foraging efficiency had usually improved with the redwings requiring less time to find ten baits. This improvement was linked to the adoption of a long distance scanning strategy which replaced the birds' initial tendency to inspect each hole at close range. On the third day of the experiment the birds were offered the same food item as on Days 1 and 2 but this time equally distributed in the upper and lower rows instead of entirely in one or the other. The redwings' previous experience affected their searching pattern. Birds that had been hunting and finding food only in the upper row continued to concentrate their efforts there. Birds that had been offered food in the lower row of holes initially took several baits there before switching to the upper row baits. On the fourth day of the experiment birds were offered two baits instead of just one. Again previous experience biased the searching behavior of the birds. Redwings that had on earlier days been hunting solely for mealworms usually removed many larvae before finding their first sunflower seed bit. Birds that had been searching for seeds quickly took several before switching to mealworms. It appears likely that redwings are sensitive to both locational and visual cues associated with prey and learn to use them while foraging. These results were discussed in the context of L. TINBERGENS search image hypothesis.

scholarly journals Gunshot injury neck: an amazing case

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-146
Author(s):  
Nitin Gupta ◽  
RC Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Gunshot Injury ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Neck Trauma ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Close Range

Introduction: In this era use of firearms has become more prevalent in society. There is increase in numbers of firearm homicidal and suicidal victims. Injuries from gunshot wounds of head and neck vary in extant and significance, forming a spectrum from trivial to life threatening lesions. The head and neck have many vital structures confined to a small area of body, and hence in the event of head and neck trauma, there is greater potential of leading to a fatality. Case report: We report a case of homicidal gunshot injury (close range) sustained in the neck region, with the bullet having travelled through the neck without causing any mortality and little morbidity to the victim. Conclusion: Penetrating through and through, gunshot injury neck without causing any mortality and any significant morbidity is a very amazing incidence. Key words: Firearm; Gunshot; Bullet; Homicidal; Close range injury DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v17i2.8857 BJO 2011; 17(2): 144-146

scholarly journals Carboxyhemoglobin Detection in the Periorificial Tissues as an Accurate Method for Identifying the Gunshot Entrance Wound

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1239-1241
Author(s):  
Camelia-Oana Muresan ◽  
Roxana Zavoi ◽  
Veronica Ciocan ◽  
Raluca Dumache ◽  
Ramona Parvanescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Forensic Expertise ◽  
Exit Wound ◽  
Entrance Wound ◽  
The Difference

One of the main objectives of the forensic expertise in gunshot injuries is establishing the direction of the shooting. The first step of the process is represented by studying the macroscopic differences in the morphology of the entrance and exit wounds, which in most cases suffice for the differential diagnosis between entrance and exit wound. In some cases, making the difference by using morphology alone is not possible, because the two wounds may present common or peculiar features. In these cases, analytical investigations can help in solving this important aspect of the case investigation. The detection of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in the perilesional tissues is one of the differentiation criteria between entry and exit wound. In some cases of short range shooting included in our study group, we determined the COHb concentration in blood sampled from the entrance wound. COHb values ranged between 10% and 60%. Given the known chemical stability of COHb, its determination can also prove useful in the examination of putrefied bodies, where the morphology of the gunshot wounds is more or less altered, depending on the stage of putrefaction.

Practical Pathology of Gunshot Wounds

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (9) ◽  
pp. 1283-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scott Denton ◽  
Adrienne Segovia ◽  
James A. Filkins
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Gunshot Wound ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Examiner ◽  
Manner Of Death ◽  
Entrance Wound ◽  
Practical Guidelines

Abstract Context.—Gunshot wounds are the most common cause of homicidal death in the United States. Analysis and interpretation of fatal gunshot wounds is an important and common practice among forensic pathologists. Additionally, for pathology residents, it is an integral aspect of their training during their rotations at medical examiner or coroner offices. Objective.—The correct interpretation of gunshot wounds by forensic pathologists not only provides valuable information that can assist law enforcement in their investigation but also is essential for the final determination of manner of death. Discussion of the practical, basic, and essential skills required to interpret gunshot wounds include distinguishing a classic entrance wound from an exit wound; recognizing atypical entrance and exit wounds; utilizing the features of soot and stippling patterns to differentiate among contact, close, and distant range gunshot wounds; understanding of the trauma produced by gunshot wounds; and understanding the importance of recovering and documenting/handling any projectiles recovered at autopsy. Data Sources.—This article reviews numerous standard forensic pathology textbooks and the pertinent literature to formulate practical guidelines to assist the pathologist in the performance of forensic autopsies and the investigation of gunshot wound fatalities. Conclusions.—Pathologists who perform investigations and autopsies to determine the cause and manner of death in gunshot wound cases must be aware of the implications, requirements, and pitfalls in interpretation of the injuries so that the examination fulfills its expectations to the community and the justice system.

scholarly journals Possible Roles of Permafrost Melting, Atmospheric Transport, and Solar Irradiance in the Development of Major Coronavirus and Influenza Pandemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3055
Author(s):  
Anne M. Hofmeister ◽  
James M. Seckler ◽  
Genevieve M. Criss
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Periodic Case ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Influenza Pandemics ◽  
The North ◽  
Close Range ◽  
North Polar

Major pandemics involving respiratory viruses develop semi-regularly and require a large flux of novel viruses, yet their origination is equivocal. This paper explores how natural processes could give rise to this puzzling combination of characteristics. Our model is based on available data regarding the emergence of historic influenzas, early COVID-19 cases and spreading, the microbiome of permafrost, long-distance airborne transport of viruses reaching stratospheric levels, ultraviolet immunosuppression, sunlight variations, weather patterns, Arctic thawing, and global warming. Atmospheric conveyance is supported by hemispheric distribution disparities, ties of COVID-19 cases to air pollution particulate concentrations, and contemporaneous animal infections. The following sequence is proposed: (1) virus emergence after hot Arctic summers, predominantly near solar irradiance maxima or involving wildfires, indicates release of large amounts of ancient viruses during extensive permafrost melting, which are then incorporated in autumn polar air circulation, where cold storage and little sunlight permit survival. (2) Pandemics onset in winter to spring at rather few locations: from climate data on Wuhan, emergence occurs where the North Polar Jet stream hovers while intersecting warmer, moist air, producing rain which deposits particulates with the viral harvest on a vulnerable human population. (3) Spring and summer increases in COVID-19 cases link to high solar irradiance, implicating ultraviolet immune suppression as one means of amplification. (4) Viruses multiplied by infected humans at close range being incorporated in atmospheric circulation explains rapid global spread, periodic case surges (waves), and multi-year durations. Pollution and wind geography affect uptake and re-distribution. Our model can be tested, e.g., against permafrost stored in laboratories as well as Artic air samples, and suggests mitigating actions.

scholarly journals Non-powder Lateral Penetrating Craniocerebral Gunshot Wound in a 10-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Lauren ◽  
Donny Argie ◽  
Elric Brahm Malelak ◽  
Reza Mawardy ◽  
Samuel Edhi Suranta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Gunshot Wound ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Gun Barrel ◽  
Entrance Wound ◽  
Air Gun ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: Non-powder lateral penetrating craniocerebral gunshot wounds (PCGW) is one of the lethal types of penetrating head injury. The mortality rate is higher in adults than in pediatric populations and influence by the clinical and radiologic findings as the important predictors for prognostication in patients with PGCW. Case Presentation: A 10-year-old girl presented with a gunshot wound to the head 1 day prior. She was accidentally shot by her brother with an air gun from approximately 2 feet from the gun barrel. She develops a loss of consciousness for 30 minutes and weakness over the left arm. In physical examination, the patient Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was E3 V5 M6, weakness on the left arm, and an entrance wound over the right temple without an exit wound. The skull X-ray show the pellet fragment and the computed tomography (CT) scan show the bullet track starting from the right frontotemporal towards the left parietooccipital region, damaging both hemispheres with associated intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). She undergoes a craniotomy procedure to remove the bullet fragment, debridement of the necrotic tissue, and evacuating the blood clot the formed over the bullet track. The patient discharge after postoperative day 7 with good recovery of neurological function and good GCS and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score. After 6 months follow-up, neither a new deficit nor other signs and symptoms were developed.Conclusions: Non-powder PCGW can cause significant damage to the intracranial compartment, despite its low velocity. The mortality rate in pediatrics is lower than in adults population. The management mandated an urgent surgical procedure to remove any blood clot and debridement of any foreign bodies encountered. Such complications in short- or long term can be developed in any patients and should be treated expectantly.

Analysis of technical preparedness of basketball students

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
Anna Bondar ◽  
Sergey Dus ◽  
Lyudmyla Piliganchuk ◽  
Yevheniya Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Female Students ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
The Face ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Basketball Coaches ◽  
The University ◽  
Technical Readiness

The article analyzes the technical readiness of female students who play basketball as part of the university team. Achieving high sports results in the face of growing competition in basketball competitions. They draw the attention of scientists to the problems associated with the search for effective and methodologically sound approaches to solving problems of improving various types of training of athletes, including technical. The study involved 12 basketball players who are part of the university team. 5 basketball coaches took part in the expert assessment and questionnaire. After analyzing the literature and Internet data, we found the main indicators of technical readiness in basketball, namely: catching the ball, passing the ball, driving the ball, throws in the basket at close range, throws in the basket from the middle distance, throws in the basket from a long distance, moving the player, selecting the ball. Our survey of experts with the subsequent completion of questionnaires allowed us to obtain an assessment of the technical readiness of basketball players. After studying the data, we found that the worst indicators were: throws in the basket from the middle distance, throws in the basket from a long distance, moving the player. The best technical element that the team has is catching the ball, throwing in the basket at close range, driving the ball. Our research will help coaches to choose sets of exercises aimed at improving the worst indicators of technical readiness of basketball players and apply them in the training process to improve the results of the game.

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