scholarly journals Integration of Geospatial Method and Hydrodynamic Modelling to Study the Impact of Sea Level Rise on the Coastal Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Fazly Amri Mohd ◽  
◽  
Prof. Dato’ Ir. Dr. Othman A. Karim ◽  
Sr. Dr. Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud ◽  
Muhammad Afiq Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Hydrodynamic Modelling ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Submerging paddy cultivation area due to coastal flooding in Kuala Kedah, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 880 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
Samera Samsuddin Sah ◽  
Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud ◽  
Nurul A’idah Abd Rahim ◽  
Othman A. Karim ◽  
Suraya Sharil
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Hydrodynamic Approach ◽  
Paddy Farmers ◽  
Paddy Cultivation ◽  
Hydrodynamic Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Kuala Kedah is a coastal area where the majority of the community are paddy farmers and fishermen. Almost the entire coastal area is used as a paddy cultivation area. However, this area faces the threat of seawater intrusion into land due to climate change driven sea-level rise. The rising seawater has affected the surrounding area, not only in terms of crop yields but also property and livelihood to the locals. Therefore, this study is designed to detect and analyze the progress of seawater on land at the Kuala Kedah coastal area using a hydrodynamic approach. Mike 21 software was used to simulate the hydrodynamic effects on 2 segments (NA and SA) in this study area by considering two conditions namely Condition 1 (K1) and Condition 2 (K2) which are respectively with and without coastal protection structure. However, this structure was only built along the 2.5 km shoreline in the NA segment and not in the SA segment. The findings show that the coastal protection structure in K2 is effective in reducing 50 % of the impact of sea level rise in year 2100 at NA segment, while only 10 % at SA segment. Therefore, the construction of these structures permanently should be given consideration by local authorities in planning future development to ensure lowland areas are protected from coastal floods.

scholarly journals Coastal Inundation Model in the Coastal Area of Palopo City, South Sulawesi Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 451-456
Author(s):  
Riza Aitiando Pasaribu ◽  
Pandu Setya Budi ◽  
Muhamad Abdul Ghofur Al Hakim ◽  
Farel Ahadyatulakbar Aditama ◽  
Nurina Hanum Ayuningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
City Development ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Coastal Inundation ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mangrove Conservation

The impact of sea-level rise is perceived by many archipelagic countries such as Indonesia. The higher the sea level rises every year, the larger the disaster threat in the coastal area. The current condition of most coastal areas indicates various pressures caused by city development, including the coastal area of Palopo City in South Sulawesi Province. The sea-level rise is suspected to be the cause of coastal inundation in Palopo City which, so far has not been identified. Therefore, this study aims to draw a coastal vulnerability map of sub-districts in Palopo caused by coastal inundation using GIS technology. Analysis of the areas affected by coastal inundation is carried out by processing spatial data. The sub-districts areas affected by coastal inundation are only those located in the coastal zones. The affected area in Bara, Wara Selatan, Wara Utara, Wara Timur, and Telluwana sub-districts are 160.64 ha, 21.41 ha, 73.55 ha, 87.56 ha, and 56.65 ha, respectively. In Bara Sub-district, the areas affected by coastal inundation are residential and mangrove conservation areas. The affected areas in Telluwana Sub-district are residential, production forest, coastal conservation, and mangrove conservation areas. The affected areas in Wara Selatan, Wara Timur, and Wara Utara Sub-districts are all residential areas. By using sea-level rise data of 27 years with its highest tide model, the coastal inundation in 2040 which is predicted to occur in Palopo City can be modeled properly.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF SEA LEVEL RISE TO COASTAL ECOLOGY: A CASE STUDY ON THE NORTHERN PART OF JAVA ISLAND, INDONESIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muh Aris Marfai
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Multiple Impacts ◽  
Coastal Ecology ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The coastline of Indonesia, which borders almost 17,500 islands and the sea and extends for more than 80,000 km, is vulnerable to sea level rise. This paper aims to investigate the impact of sea level rise on coastal ecology in Indonesia focusing on coastal area of Jakarta, Pekalongan, Semarang and Demak in the northern part of Java Island. Geo-spatial data, i.e. satellite images and maps were used to monitor the environmental changes and primary data were obtained through field survey and observation on the specified area. In Jakarta, sea level rise has been predicted to bring great damages to infrastructure in coastal area. Multiple impacts of sea level rise towards mangrove, agriculture, and aquaculture ecosystem occurs in Pekalongan. Semarang coastal area also suffers from the widening spread of health problems as the coastal inundation increases. At the same time, Demak experiences major losses on mangrove and aquaculture ecosystem due to sea level rise.

The Impact of Climate Change on States

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 115-132
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kułaga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Law ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The increase in sea levels, as a result of climate change in territorial aspect will have a potential impact on two major issues – maritime zones and land territory. The latter goes into the heart of the theory of the state in international law as it requires us to confront the problem of complete and permanent disappearance of a State territory. When studying these processes, one should take into account the fundamental lack of appropriate precedents and analogies in international law, especially in the context of the extinction of the state, which could be used for guidance in this respect. The article analyses sea level rise impact on baselines and agreed maritime boundaries (in particular taking into account fundamental change of circumstances rule). Furthermore, the issue of submergence of the entire territory of a State is discussed taking into account the presumption of statehood, past examples of extinction of states and the importance of recognition in this respect.

Modelling the climate change impact on the largest White Sea estuarine areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Panchenko ◽  
Andrei Alabyan ◽  
Inna Krylenko ◽  
Serafima Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Hydrodynamic Modelling ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Runoff Changes ◽  
Flow Velocities

<p>Possible sea level rise and changes in hydrological regime of rivers are the major threats to estuarine systems. The sensibility of hydrodynamic regime of the Northern Dvina delta and the Onega estuary under various scenarios of climate change has been investigated. Hydrodynamic models HEC-RAS (USA, US Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center) and STREAM_2D (Russia, authors V.Belikov et.al.) were used for analysis of estuarine flow regime (variations of water levels, discharges and flow velocities throughout tidal cycles). Input runoff changes were simulated for different climate scenarios using ECOMAG model (Russia, author Yu.Motovilov) based on data of global climate models (GSM) of CMIP5 project for the White Sea region.</p><p>ECOMAG modelling has demonstrated that the maximum river discharges averaged for 30-year period 2036 – 2065 can reduce for about 20 – 27% for the Onega and 15 – 20% for the Northern Dvina river compared against the historical period 1971 – 2000.Averaged minimum river discharges can reduce for about 33 – 45% for the Onega and 30 – 40% for the Northern Dvina.</p><p>The White Sea level rise by 0.27 m in average (with inter-model variation from 0.20 to 0.38 m) can took place by the middle of the XXI century according to input data of GSM models. The 12 scenarios of estuarine hydrodynamic changes were simulated for the both rivers based on combining river runoff changes and sea level elevation.</p><p>In general, the expected flow changes are negative for the local industry and population. According to modelling results for ‘high runoff/spring tide’ scenarios the flooding area in the Northern Dvina delta will increase by 13-20% depending on the intensity of sea level rise. In the low water seasons the distance from the river mouth to the upper boundary of the reach, where reverse currents can be observed, will move upstream by 8 - 36 km depending of sea/river conditions due to decrease in minimum river runoff. It may adversely effect on shipping conditions at the city of Arkhangelsk and on brackish water intrusion up-to industrial and communal water intakes.</p><p>The reverse currents also will intensify in the Onega estuary (tidal flow velocities increase for 11 – 19%) that leads to the change of the sediment regime and can significantly deteriorate the navigation conditions at the seaport of the Onega town. The problem of the intensification of salt intrusion can arise there as well.</p><p>The research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Projects No. 18- 05-60021 in development of the scenarios; No. 19-35-90032 in providing hydrodynamic modelling of the Onega; Project No. 19-35-60032 in providing hydrodynamic modelling of the Northern Dvina).</p>

Long-term legacy of delayed climate mitigation in global glacier response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Maussion ◽  
Quentin Lejeune ◽  
Ben Marzeion ◽  
Matthias Mengel ◽  
David Rounce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Glacier Change ◽  
Mountain Glaciers ◽  
Glacier Runoff ◽  
The Impact

<p>Mountain glaciers have a delayed response to climate change and are expected to continue to melt long after greenhouse gas emissions have stopped, with consequences both for sea-level rise and water resources. In this contribution, we use the Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM) to compute global glacier volume and runoff changes until the year 2300 under a suite of stylized greenhouse gas emission characterized by (i) the year at which anthropogenic emissions culminate, (ii) their reduction rates after peak emissions and (iii) whether they lead to a long-term global temperature stabilization or decline. We show that even under scenarios that achieve the Paris Agreement goal of holding global-mean temperature below 2 °C, glacier contribution to sea-level rise will continue well beyond 2100. Because of this delayed response, the year of peak emissions (i.e. the timing of mitigation action) has a stronger influence on mit-term global glacier change than other emission scenario characteristics, while long-term change is dependent on all factors. We also discuss the impact of early climate mitigation on regional glacier change and the consequences for glacier runoff, both short-term (where some basins are expected to experience an increase of glacier runoff) and long-term (where all regions are expecting a net-zero or even negative glacier contribution to total runoff), underlining the importance of mountain glaciers for regional water availability at all timescales.</p>

Contrasting facies patterns between river-dominated and symmetrical wave-dominated delta deposits

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-295
Author(s):  
BRIAN J. WILLIS ◽  
TAO SUN ◽  
R. BRUCE AINSWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Lateral Migration ◽  
Littoral Drift ◽  
Delta Front ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Depositional Processes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Process-physics-based, coupled hydrodynamic–morphodynamic delta models are constructed to understand preserved facies heterogeneities that can influence subsurface fluid flow. Two deltaic systems are compared that differ only in the presence of waves: one river dominated and the other strongly influenced by longshore currents. To understand an entire preserved deltaic succession, the growth of multiple laterally adjacent delta lobes is modeled to define delta axial to marginal facies trends through an entire regressive–transgressive depositional succession. The goal is to refine a facies model for symmetrical wave-dominated deltas (where littoral drift diverges from the delta lobe apex). Because many factors change depositional processes on deltas, the description of the river-dominated example is included to provide a direct reference case from which to define the impact of waves on preserved facies patterns. Both systems display strong facies trends from delta axis to margin that continued into inter-deltaic areas. River-dominated delta regression preserved a dendritic branching of compensationally stacked bodies. Transgression, initiated by sea-level rise, backfilled the main channel and deposited levees and splays on the submerging delta top. Wave-dominated deltas developed dual clinoforms: a shoreface clinoform built as littoral drift carried sediment away from the river month and onshore, and a subaqueous delta-front clinoform composed of sediment accumulated below wave base. Although littoral drift in both directions away from the delta axis stabilized the position of the river at the shoreline, distributary-channel avulsions and lateral migration of river flows across the subaqueous delta top produced heterogeneities in both sets of clinoform deposits. Separation of shoreface and subaqueous delta-front clinoforms across a subaqueous delta top eroded to wave base produced a discontinuity in progradational vertical successions that appeared gradual in some locations but abrupt in others. Littoral drift flows away from adjacent deltas converged in inter-deltaic areas, producing shallow water longshore bars cut by wave-return-flow channels with associated terminal mouth bars. Transgression initiated by sea-level rise initially led to vertical aggradation of wave-reworked sheet sands on the subaqueous delta top and then retreating shoreface barrier sands as the subaerial delta top flooded. Pseudo inter-well flow tests responded to local heterogeneities in the preserved deposits. As expected, abandoned channels in the river-dominated case defined shoreline-perpendicular preferential flow paths and wave-dominated delta deposits are more locally homogeneous, but scenarios for development of more pronounced shore-parallel heterogeneity patterns for wave-influenced deltas are discussed. The results highlight the need to consider the dual clinoform nature of wave-dominated delta deposition for facies prediction and subsurface interpretation.

scholarly journals Assessing storm surge hazard and impact of sea level rise in the Lesser Antilles case study of Martinique

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1559-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Krien ◽  
Bernard Dudon ◽  
Jean Roger ◽  
Gael Arnaud ◽  
Narcisse Zahibo
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the Lesser Antilles, coastal inundations from hurricane-induced storm surges pose a great threat to lives, properties and ecosystems. Assessing current and future storm surge hazards with sufficient spatial resolution is of primary interest to help coastal planners and decision makers develop mitigation and adaptation measures. Here, we use wave–current numerical models and statistical methods to investigate worst case scenarios and 100-year surge levels for the case study of Martinique under present climate or considering a potential sea level rise. Results confirm that the wave setup plays a major role in the Lesser Antilles, where the narrow island shelf impedes the piling-up of large amounts of wind-driven water on the shoreline during extreme events. The radiation stress gradients thus contribute significantly to the total surge – up to 100 % in some cases. The nonlinear interactions of sea level rise (SLR) with bathymetry and topography are generally found to be relatively small in Martinique but can reach several tens of centimeters in low-lying areas where the inundation extent is strongly enhanced compared to present conditions. These findings further emphasize the importance of waves for developing operational storm surge warning systems in the Lesser Antilles and encourage caution when using static methods to assess the impact of sea level rise on storm surge hazard.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document