scholarly journals Ultrastructural Changes of the Digestive Tract of Pomacea canaliculata Exposed to Copper at Lethal Concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2869-2876
Author(s):  
Vipawee Dummee ◽  
Maleeya Kruatrachue ◽  
Sombat Singhakaew ◽  
Phanwimol Tanhan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Pomacea Canaliculata ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Cu Contamination ◽  
Cu Pollution ◽  
Freshwater Environments ◽  
Membrane Destabilization

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the basis of cellular reactions and to verify the suitability of Pomacea canaliculata digestive tract ultrastructure as a biomarker for assessing the Cu pollution in freshwater environments. Two-month-old P. canaliculata were exposed to 96-h lethal concentration of Cu (0.15 mg L-1) for 96 h. Electron microscope investigations showed different alterations of organelles in the epithelial cells lining the esophagus and intestine. The most striking changes were damages to the mitochondria, RER, and nucleus typified by loss of cristae and degeneration of mitochondria; degranulation and fragmentation of RER. In nucleus, karyolysis and rupture of nuclear envelope were observed. These changes were attributed to membrane destabilization and increased membrane permeability to ions under the influence of toxicants or heavy metals. These findings indicate the possibility of using the P. canaliculata as biomonitor for Cu contamination in the freshwater environment.

First record of Epistylis plicatilis (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) attached to Pomacea canaliculata (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Southern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1454 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA R.P. UTZ
Keyword(s):  
Staining Technique ◽  
First Record ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Contractile Vacuole ◽  
Pomacea Canaliculata ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Freshwater Environments

A more complete morphological characterization of Epistylis plicatilis Ehrenberg, 1831, a colonial peritrich epibiotic on the gastropod Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck) in two freshwater environments in Southern Brazil was provided in the present study. The colonial sessile E. plicatilis possessed elongate zooids that range in size in vivo from 105.0 to187.5 μ m in length and from 25.0 to 52.5 μ m in width. The cell had a single contractile vacuole located near the peristome. A “C-shaped” macronucleus lay in the middle of the cell. Colonies of E. plicatilis had up to 100 zooids, but the majority possessed 10–20 zooids that were similar in size. The oral ciliature revealed by the protargol staining technique consisted of an outer haplokinety and an inner polykinety that performs approximately 1 ½ turns around the perimeter of the peristome before entering the infundibulum. Three infundibular polykineties each consisting of three rows of kinetosomes were identified. This is the first record of E. plicatilis in Brazil.

Ultrastructural Changes Due to Toxaphene Insecticide

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
T. Caceci ◽  
G. B. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Organochlorine Insecticide ◽  
Toxicity Mechanism ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
The U.S

The deleterious effects of agricultural insecticides on non-target organisms have been under investigation for a number of years. Most studies have dealt with the degree of toxicity, mechanism of action, metabolism, or distribution in the biosphere. There has been comparatively little interest in morphological effects of an insecticide at its site of entry. Toxaphene, a general-purpose organochlorine insecticide that is widely and heavily applied in the U.S. is quite toxic to fish. It can be absorbed via the gills or the gut. This study examined the effects of Toxaphene on the absorptive cells of the anterior intestinal bulb in goldfish (Carassius auratus). These cells are involved in the uptake of dietary lipids; since Toxaphene is lipid-soluble, this was considered the likeliest region of the digestive tract to exhibit damage due to its presence.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural, Confocal and Viscoelastic Characteristics of Whole Blood and Plasma After Exposure to Cadmium and Chromium Alone and in Combination: An Ex Vivo Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 1288-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantelle Venter ◽  
Hester Magdalena Oberholzer ◽  
Janette Bester ◽  
Mia-Jeanne van Rooy ◽  
Megan Jean Bester
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Target System ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Confocal Laser

Background/Aims: Heavy metal pollution is increasing in the environment, contaminating water, food and air supplies. This can be linked to many anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals are absorbed through the skin, inhalation and/or orally. Irrespective of the manner of heavy metal entry in the body, the blood circulatory system is potentially the first to be affected following exposure and adverse effects on blood coagulation can lead to associated thrombotic disease. Although the plasma levels and the effects of cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) on erythrocytes and lymphocytes have been described, the environmental exposure to heavy metals are not limited to a single metal and often involves metal mixtures, with each metal having different rates of absorption, different cellular, tissue, and organ targets. Therefore the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the heavy metals Cd and Cr alone and whether Cr synergistically increases the effect of Cd on physiological important processes such as blood coagulation. Methods: Human blood was exposed to the heavy metals ex vivo, and thereafter morphological analysis was performed with scanning electron- and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in conjunction with thromboelastography®. Results: The erythrocytes, platelets and fibrin networks presented with ultrastructural changes, including varied erythrocytes morphologies, activated platelets and significantly thicker fibrin fibres in the metal-exposed groups. CLSM analysis revealed the presence of phosphatidylserine on the outer surface of the membranes of the spherocytic erythrocytes exposed to Cd and Cr alone and in combination. The viscoelastic analysis revealed only a trend that indicates that clots that will form after heavy metal exposure, will likely be fragile and unstable especially for Cd and Cr in combination. Conclusion: This study identified the blood as an important target system of Cd and Cr toxicity.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN MUSCLES OF HYDROBIONES OF THE SHEREPOK RIVER (VIETNAM)

2018 ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vasilievna Zolotokopova ◽  
Ngo The Cuong ◽  
Tran Hoan Quoc
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pomacea Canaliculata ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Contamination Concentration

The paper presents analysis of heavy metals concentration in the muscles of hydrobionts in the Sherepok River. In particular, there was studied the content of zinc, copper, iron, cadmium, lead, arsenic in the muscles of hemibagrus ( Hemibagrus wyckioides ) , carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) and tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ), river crab ( Somannia thelphusa sinensis ) and river snail ( Pomacea canaliculata ), which were caught in the river segments with different degrees of heavy metal contamination. Concentration of heavy metals in muscles of hydrobionts was tested in four river segments: upper the border of the industrial zone, within the borders of industrial zone Khoa Fu, lower the border of industrial zone Tam Thang, and in the reservoir zone Sherepok 3. It has been found that in all segments of the Sherepok river, regardless of the degree of contamination, most zinc concentration was encountered in the body of the river snail, lead - in the muscles of hemibagrus. Copper and cadmium are most abundant in the body of the river snail in all the research areas, except for the reservoir zone Sherepok 3, where the largest amount of these metals was registered in the muscles of carp. Arsenic accumulates in the largest amount in the muscles of hemibagrus, although in the zone of the greatest pollution of the river (within the boundaries of the industrial region), its muscles contain the least amount of arsenic, compared to other hydrobionts under study.

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