Analysis of organochlorine DDT residue along with its metabolites in dry fishes from some selected markets of Dhaka city

A study was investigated to estimate the current status of health hazardous organochlorine insecticide DDT and its metabolites DDE and DDD in different species of dry fish. To achieve the goal of this experiment, ten different sun-dried fish samples were collected from different markets of Dhaka city. The concentration of DDT, DDE and DDD was determined using the capillary column coupled to Gas Chromatograph with Electron Captured Detector (GC-ECD). Most of the dry fishes, seven out of ten samples, were found to be contaminated with DDT along with its metabolites DDE and DDD ranging from 0.029-1.22 mg/kg which is a serious concern because of the nature of long persistency and bioaccumulation of DDT in the environment. The highest concentration of DDT (1.22 mg/kg) was observed in Pampus chinensis dry fish whereas low concentration was detected in Otolithoides pama (0.029 mg/kg). Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2021, 5 (2), 79-84

In Utero Chlordecone Exposure and Thyroid, Metabolic, and Sex-Steroid Hormones at the Age of Seven Years: A Study From the TIMOUN Mother-Child Cohort in Guadeloupe

BackgroundChlordecone is an endocrine-disrupting chemical with well recognized estrogenic and progestagenic properties. This organochlorine insecticide was extensively used in the French West Indies from 1973 to 1993 to control the banana root borer. Due to its poor degradation in the environment, permanently polluted soil is responsible for the current contamination of the food chain and human beings. We aimed to examine the relationship of in utero exposure to chlordecone and thyroid (thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH], free tri-iodothyronine [FT3], free thyroxine [FT4]), metabolic (insulin growth-factor 1, leptin, adiponectin), and sex-steroid (dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA], total testosterone [TT], dihydrotestosterone [DHT], estradiol [E2]) hormone levels in children at the age of seven years who participated in TIMOUN, an ongoing birth cohort in Guadeloupe.MethodsChlordecone concentrations were measured in cord-blood at delivery. Thyroid, metabolic, and sex-steroid hormone levels were determined in the blood of children at seven years of age. Associations between in utero chlordecone exposure and hormone levels at seven years of age were assessed by multiple linear or logistic regression, controlling for confounding factors.ResultsAmong the study population (210 boys and 228 girls), chlordecone and hormone measurements were available for 124 boys and 161 girls. We found the third quartile of in utero chlordecone exposure relative to the lowest quartile to be associated with elevated TSH levels in girls and elevated DHEA, TT, and DHT levels in both sexes. Complementary non-linear analysis (spline regression) confirmed a significant non-linear trend for TSH in girls and DHEA and DHT in boys.ConclusionIn utero chlordecone exposure was associated with elevated levels of selected thyroid (TSH) and sex-steroid (DHEA, TT, and DHT) hormones at seven years in a non-monotonic dose response (inverted U) relationship. The implications for future health and reproductive function in puberty and adulthood should be determined.

Endosulfan insecticide removal planning with bioaugmentation-landfarming bioremediation method

Endosulfan is a toxic organochlorine insecticide and is persistent in the environment. Endosulfan residue can be accumulated underground and lower soil quality, pollute water sources, and create bioaugmentation. This research aims to gather required information and study the potential of bacteria consortium consists of Bordetella sp., Bordetella petrii, and Achromobactery xylosoxidans to remediate endosulfan polluted soil. Bioremediation on laboratory scale conducted in a soil reactor, the pH level of 7, 20% humidity, and adjusted temperature to field temperature. Endosulfan was added into a reactor with a concentration of 2mg/g. The bacteria consortium utilized endosulfan as a nutrient source to decently grow up until this research was finished on the 30th day. Maximum removal occurred on upper layer soil with 99% of alpha-endosulfan and beta-endosulfan removal rates. Pilot-scale removal can be implemented with landfarming bioremediation. Two (2) processing beds were prepared with 15m of length, 7.5m of width, and 0.5m of height. This method was able to remove 99% of endosulfan in just 457.75 hours. This research can be implemented to remediate endosulfan polluted soil through the bioremediation method by utilizing bacteria consortium.

Individual and combined hepatocytotoxicity of DDT and cadmiumin vitro

The organochlorine insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and heavy metal cadmium (Cd) are widespread environmental pollutants. They are persistent in the environment and can accumulate in organisms. Although the individual toxicity of DDT and Cd has been well documented, their combined toxicity is still not clear. Since liver is their common target, in this study, the individual and combined toxicity of DDT and Cd in human liver carcinoma HepG2 and human normal liver THLE-3 cell lines were investigated. The results showed that DDT and Cd inhibited the viability of HepG2 and THLE-3 cells dose-dependently and altered lysosomal morphology and function. Intracellular reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels were induced by DDT and Cd treatment. The combined cytotoxicity of DDT and Cd was greater than their individual cytotoxicity, and the interaction between Cd and DDT was additive on the inhibition of cell viability and lysosomal function of HepG2 cells. The interaction was antagonistic on the inhibition of cell viability of THLE-3 cells. These results may facilitate the evaluation of the cumulative risk of pesticides and heavy metal residues in the environment.

Human health risks and domestic water contamination through pesticides

The monitoring of pesticide pollution may be a substantial source of data describing the current state of environmental pollution. This study sought to evaluate the pollution of domestic water by the pesticides related to health risks and are assessing potential regarding effects on human health. Fifty blood and fifty faucet domestic water samples were collected consecutively from patients' diagnosed with pesticides poisoning once having consent. Additionally, ten blood, and water samples from healthy participants as control group. This study recruited in two periods, 2019 in several cities from Dakahlia region. Sampling regions designated consistent with the locations of major agricultural and industrial activities. The concentrations were determined once extraction of the samples and sequent gas chromatography mass spectrum (GC–MS) analysis of the extracts. The results revealed presence of Organophosphorus (Malathion) and organochlorine (Lindane) insecticides. Presence of an organophosphorus and organochlorine insecticide focused to posses serious effects on human health. Authorities to regulate the indiscriminate use of pesticides should implement strict enforcement.

The Effect of Endosulfan in GnRH and GtH Genes Expression of Male Hard-Lipped Barb (Osteochilus vittatus C.V.)

The presence of pollutants in water makes the environment toxic to all living biota and affects reproduction in fish. One of such pollutants is endosulfan, which is an off-patent organochlorine insecticide, widely used in various agricultural activities. Endosulfan is extremely toxic to fish and all other aquatic organisms, showing a range of chronic effects, including genotoxicity, and reproductive issues. Therefore, the aim of the research was to find the effect of endosulfan on cGnRH, sGnRH, GtH-I and GtH-II gene expression inmale hard-lipped barb fish. These fish were kept in aquarium containing several levels of endosulfan (0 mg/L [control]; 0.88 mg/L [low level]; 1.76 mg/L [medium level]; and 2.64 mg/L [high] level) for 60 days. The effects of endosulfan on GnRH performance on the fishwere evaluated by the expressions of these genes; cGnRH-II, sGnRH, GtH-I, and GtH-II. In the 8th week, there was a decrease in the expression of all the four genes in fish with high dose of endosulfan compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These findings showedthat endosulfan inhibits the expression of cGnRH, sGnRH, GtH-I and GtH-II genes in male hard-lipped barb.

Ameliorating Effect Of Emblica Officinalis On Lipid Profile Of Endosulfan Induced Mice

In the recent times wide use of agrochemicals in agricultural practice has caused severe health hazards to humans while their side effects have damaged the environment also. Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide effective against a wide range of pests of cereals, coffee, cotton, fruits, oilseeds, potato, tea and vegetables.