scholarly journals Does Use of Books and Electronic Media Associate to Joint Attention Skills and Temperament during the First Year of Life?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-246
Author(s):  
Lucas Gustavo Gago Galvagno
Keyword(s):  
Joint Attention ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Free Play ◽  
First Year ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Attention Skills ◽  
First Year Of Life

Several researchers have found that media exposure through books or electronic media contribute to preschoolers’ development. However, research with behavioral measures and during the first years of life have not been carried out in Latin American contexts. The aim of the following research was to evaluate the relations between media exposure through electronic media and books with joint attention skills and temperament (i.e., effortful control, surgency and negative affect) during the first year of life. A free play session was carried out, where the number of mother-infant interaction behaviors were assessed. Findings state that only the amount and the frequency of the use of books at home between caregivers and infants were positively associated with the behaviors of joint attention and surgency. Conclusion denotes that books would probably be associated with more infant interactions and higher SES, mediating in the promotion of cognitive development from the first months of life.

A Neural Networks, Information-Processing Model of Joint Attention and Social-Cognitive Development

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Joint Attention ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
First Year ◽  
Information Processing Model ◽  
Symbolic Thought ◽  
First Year Of Life

A neural networks approach to the development of joint attention can inform the study of the nature of human social cognition, learning, and symbolic thought process. Joint attention development involves increments in the capacity to engage in simultaneous or parallel processing of information about one’s own attention and the attention of other people. Infant practice with joint attention is both a consequence and an organizer of a distributed and integrated brain network involving frontal and parietal cortical systems. In this chapter I discuss two hypotheses that stem from this model. One is that activation of this distributed network during coordinated attention enhances the depth of information processing and encoding beginning in the first year of life. I also propose that with development joint attention becomes internalized as the capacity to socially coordinate mental attention to internal representations. As this occurs the executive joint attention network makes vital contributions to the development of human social cognition and symbolic thinking.

Investigating Early Pre-implant Predictors of Language and Cognitive Development in Children with Cochlear Implants

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Mary K. Fagan ◽  
Laurie S. Eisenberg ◽  
Karen C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
First Year ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Preverbal Infants ◽  
Infant Learning

Pre-implant predictors of language and cognitive outcomes in children with cochlear implants have been mostly limited to residual hearing and demographic variables. These variables have accounted for a limited portion of variance in outcomes and for the most part only in children who received cochlear implants from 3 to 5 years of age and later. With cochlear implantation now regularly occurring in the first year of life, there is new interest in identifying pre-implant variables with greater predictive value, including pre-implant measures of infant learning and behavior in the first 12 months. The search for pre-implant variables in the first year has been limited by the challenges inherent in assessing preverbal infants with little or no access to signed or spoken language. This review includes research on pre-implant predictors from a longitudinal study, behavioral measures in infants implanted at 12 months of age, and relevant research on early learning in hearing infants.

scholarly journals An Interactionist Perspective on the Development of Coordinated Social Attention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Hoehl ◽  
Bennett I. Bertenthal
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
First Year ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
Attention Skills ◽  
Interactionist Perspective ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Systems View

Infants’ ability to coordinate their attention with other people develops profoundly across the first year of life. Mainly based on experimental research focusing on infants’ behavior under highly controlled conditions, developmental milestones were identified and explained in the past by prominent theories in terms of the onset of specific cognitive skills. In contrast to this approach, recent longitudinal research challenges this perspective with findings suggesting that social attention develops continuously with a gradual refinement of skills. Informed by these findings, we argue for an interactionist and dynamical systems view that bases observable advances in infant social attention skills on increasingly fine-tuned mutual adjustments in the caregiver infant dyad, resulting in gradually improving mutual prediction. We present evidence for this view from recent studies leveraging new technologies which afford the opportunity to dynamically track social interactions in real-time. These new technically-sophisticated studies offer unprecedented insights into the dynamic processes of infant-caregiver social attention. It is now possible to track in much greater detail fluctuations over time with regard to object-directed attention as well as social attention and how these processes relate to one another. Encouraged by these initial results and new insights from this interactionist developmental social neuroscience approach, we conclude with a ‘call to action’ in which we advocate for more ecologically valid paradigms for studying social attention as a dynamic and bi-directional process.

Sympathetic nervous system functioning during the face-to-face still-face paradigm in the first year of life

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Louis Klein ◽  
Frances L. Doyle ◽  
Jaimie C. Northam ◽  
Valsamma Eapen ◽  
Paul J. Frick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Child Psychopathology ◽  
Free Play ◽  
First Year ◽  
Autonomic Reactivity ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Still Face Paradigm

Abstract Contemporary theories of early development and emerging child psychopathology all posit a major, if not central role for physiological responsiveness. To understand infants’ potential risk for emergent psychopathology, consideration is needed to both autonomic reactivity and environmental contexts (e.g., parent–child interactions). The current study maps infants’ arousal during the face-to-face still-face paradigm using skin conductance (n = 255 ethnically-diverse mother–infant dyads; 52.5% girls, mean infant age = 7.4 months; SD = 0.9 months). A novel statistical approach was designed to model the potential build-up of nonlinear counter electromotive force over the course of the task. Results showed a significant increase in infants’ skin conductance between the Baseline Free-play and the Still-Face phase, and a significant decrease in skin conductance during the Reunion Play when compared to the Still-Face phase. Skin conductance during the Reunion Play phase remained significantly higher than during the Baseline Play phase; indicating that infants had not fully recovered from the mild social stressor. These results further our understanding of infant arousal during dyadic interactions, and the role of caregivers in the development of emotion regulation during infancy.

The Development of Swallowing Respiratory Coordination

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Maggie-Lee Huckabee
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Activation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Primary Finding ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Cortical Modulation ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Swallowing Apnea

Abstract Research exists that evaluates the mechanics of swallowing respiratory coordination in healthy children and adults as well and individuals with swallowing impairment. The research program summarized in this article represents a systematic examination of swallowing respiratory coordination across the lifespan as a means of behaviorally investigating mechanisms of cortical modulation. Using time-locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics, three conditions of swallowing were evaluated in 20 adults in a single session and 10 infants in 10 sessions across the first year of life. The three swallowing conditions were selected to represent a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation. Our primary finding is that, across the lifespan, brainstem control strongly dictates the duration of swallowing apnea and is heavily involved in organizing the integration of swallowing and respiration, even in very early infancy. However, there is evidence that cortical modulation increases across the first 12 months of life to approximate more adult-like patterns of behavior. This modulation influences primarily conditions of volitional swallowing; sleep and naïve swallows appear to not be easily adapted by cortical regulation. Thus, it is attention, not arousal that engages cortical mechanisms.

Gastric electrical activity in normal neonates during the first year of life. Effect of lactation with breast milk and formula

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A209-A209
Author(s):  
G RIEZZO ◽  
R CASTELLANA ◽  
T DEBELLIS ◽  
F LAFORGIA ◽  
F INDRIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Gastric Electrical Activity ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Normal Neonates
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