scholarly journals S.М. Solovyov’s Conception of the “Struggle between the Forest and the Steppe”: “For” and “Against”

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Y.K. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The State ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
The Real ◽  
East European ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Historical Dynamics ◽  
Ethnic Factors

Based on works by representatives of the Marxist and the Eurasian direction, the article considers arguments “for” and “against” S. M. Solovyov’s conception of the “struggle between the forest and the steppe” as an important part of his historiological and philosophical-historical doctrine. This essay shows that the main arguments against Solovyov’s conception are connected to the interpretations of historical facts corresponding to the theoretical positions of the Marxist and Eurasian paradigms of history. They include: the thesis about the class character of the Russian state and of the state enslavement of the population; that of the subordination of the course of a nation’s history to the action of universal historical laws; that of the decisive role of geographical and ethnic factors; that of the mutual influence of the “forest” and the “steppe” on the formation of the Eurasian state. To determine the balance of arguments “for” and “against” the conception of the “struggle between the forest and the steppe,” the author proposes to use the model of a structural and hierarchical history, where there are stable and dynamic levels in space and time. The essay concludes that the geohistorical fact of the division of the East European plain into forest and steppe belts, which makes it possible to theoretically explain the premises behind the conception of the “struggle between the forest and the steppe, raises no objections from any of the critics of such a struggle. At the same time, historical facts concerning the understanding of the nature of social integrity, on the level at which the struggle took place, lead to fundamentally different theoretical interpretations. Even more discrepancies are found concerning the causes of the changes that determine the historical dynamics. As the real course of history shows, in a changing and interconnected world, such causes can actually become a global conflict of cultures.

The main directions of educational policy of Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
K. E. Stupak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Education System ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
State Education Policy ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State Education

The article deals with analyzing the main streams of the education policy in Finland, which reflect the relationship between a person and society in modern socio–economic conditions. Such policy directs the system of education to change the person and his mind himself. Finland using its education system, has long before been concerned about preparing people for the future by reforming approaches to teaching in schools and higher education institutions. As a result, it has achieved world–wide recognition and top positions in various ratings have resulted. Therefore, today there is a great interest of scientists in certain issues of education functioning in Finland. Thus, G. Androshchuk, V. Butova. I. Zhernokleeva, T. Pushkareva and others study in their works the purpose and decisive role of Finland's education policy in the development of the education system. S. Grinyuk and V. Zagvozdkin pay attention to the practical the steps of reforming the Finnish system of education. T. Drobyshevsk investigates the system of providing educational services in Finland as a sector of knowledge production. L. Volynets, P. Kukharchuk consider the principles of the state education policy of Finland. L. Smolskaya examines the role of the state policy in implementing the "Finnish phenomenon"; P. Basyliuk and Yu. Kulykova, focus attention on the study of the evolution of the system of higher education in Finland; O. Scherbak reveals peculiarities of vocational education and training.

scholarly journals The Role of Islamic Legitimacy Basis to Combat the Financial Corruption in Kuwait

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Melfi Muhammed Al Azemi ◽  
Abdel Majeed Al Omari ◽  
Tawfeeq Al Omrani
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
The State ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
The Real ◽  
Corruption Index ◽  
The State Of Kuwait ◽  
Descriptive Method

The study aimed at identifying the role of Islamic Sharia to prevent the tsunami of the financial corruption in Kuwait nowadays. The researchers depended on the descriptive method through reviewing the related literature review that has to do with the legitimacy basis on combating the financial corruption in general. The study also included interviews with some Kuwaiti` religion officials who have a long experience in the field of financial corruption issues. The results indicated that the role of Islamic Sharia is almost absent due to the absence of religion officials. That’s because their role in the field of combating financial corruption is just restricted in media means rather than the official ministries and organizations that are the only responsible to fight the phenomenon of financial corruption in the state of Kuwait. The successive governments always ignore the real role of sharia in the field of combating the financial corruption according to the annual financial corruption index.

Pakistani Madrasas

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-72
Author(s):  
Ayesha Siddiqa
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Education System ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The State ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Patronage System

Ayesha Siddiqa’s chapter traces the complex dynamics of the connections between the Pakistani education system and the Gulf monarchies by examining the state and nature of Pakistani Sunni madrasas. The role of the madrasas in the education system is explained by placing them in their cultural and socio-political context. The chapter expands upon the Saudi Arabian and Gulf funding received by these institutions and the politico-ideological interests motivating the same. Three waves of progressive consolidation of such Saudi-Gulf influence are mapped out to show the ‘mutual influence’ emphasized in Chapter 1 being replaced by a top-down patronage system driven by some Gulf monarchies. A resulting expansion of the Deobandi and Ahl-i-Hadith seminaries is therefore presented as proof of South Asian Islam moving further away from its Sufi-based idiosyncrasies.

RELIGIOUS CHARITY IN THE RUSSIAN STATE: RETRO-ASSESSMENTS OF THE EMPIRICAL PAST

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
A.V. ISAEV ◽  
◽  
V.A. MATVIENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Past ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
The Needy

The aim of the scientific monitoring undertaken within the framework of this article is to present the most comprehensive picture of the interaction between the state organs and traditional religious confessions in implementation of social assistance by them to the needy layers of the population. A retrospective of the established realities of the social sphere existed in the past allowed the authors of this work to trace their influence on the essential characteristics and forms of religious organizations' charity activi-ties in the space of provincial regions of Russia in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries. The conduct-ed reconnaissance of the planned range of issues made it possible to state the facts of an exclusive empyria exist-ence for every traditional Russian religious confession, as well as a certain dependence of the religious charity on the character of public relations, on the role of the state in the social sphere, and the connection with spirituality genesis.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ISLAM IN THE POLICY OF THE ILKHANATE KHANS

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Heyirbek S. Gasimov ◽  
Dilaver M. Azimli
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
Freedom Of Action

The Ilkhanate included large territories in the Near and the Middle East, where a process of mutual influence of many peoples, tribes and cultures took place. When the Hulagu khan Ahmed Tekuder (1282-1284) converted to Islam, the Muslims of Azerbaijan, who constituted the absolute majority of the country's population, welcomed this move. After the assassination of Ahmed Tekuder, Arghun (1284-1291), Gaykhatu (1291-1295) and Baydu (1295) took the Hulagu throne by turn. This period went down in history as a time of violent internal conflict in the House of Hulagu, freedom of action for representatives of all religions, except Islam, persecution of Muslims, religious, financial and economic, administrative experiments of Hulagu khans. In 1295, Ghazan Khan took the Hulagu throne. He radically changed the attitude of official authority towards Islam. Even before his accession to the throne (June 16, 1295), Ghazan-khan converted to Islam and then was called by the Muslim name Mahmud. The conversion to Islam by Ghazan Khan ensured the prevailing position of the Ilkhanate in the system of international relations of the Near and Middle East. For manageable, strong, stable socio-economic and political life of a huge empire, the optimal choice of unifying state ideology was extremely important. Ghazan Khan successfully completed the way started by Ahmed Tekuder. Since the reign of Ghazan Khan (Mahmud), the Ilkhanate began to claim leadership in the Muslim world. The problem of the "legitimacy" of the Ilkhanate also found its solution. The Ilkhanate bordered the largest states of that time: with the state of nomadic Mongols, governed by the descendants of Juchi Khan, the eldest son of Genghis Khan (known in Russian historiography as the Golden Horde); with the state of the Mamluks sultans of Egypt; with the Mongolian nomadic tribes in Central Asia, descendants of Chaghatai - the son of Genghis Khan.

scholarly journals The Zemsky Sobor of 1613: Elections Without Choice or Choice Without Elections?

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Dmitry Liseitsev
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Real Power ◽  
The Real ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The Government ◽  
Time Of Troubles ◽  
Full Force

Introduction. There is a significant amount of research devoted to the Zemsky Sobor of 1613, but even nowadays historians cannot agree on this event. There is a dominating concept in historiography whose supporters consider the election to the throne of Mikhail Romanov as the result of the national consensus and unity and also regard this as the end of the Time of Troubles. Meanwhile, a great number of sources indicate the decisive role of Cossacks in the enthronement process of the new dynasty founder. Possessing a numerical superiority over the supporters of the Zemsky Sobor, which did not act in full force, Cossacks achieved the proclamation of Mikhail Romanov as a Tsar. Methods and materials. Solving this contradiction in the conclusions of researchers is possible only with the widest involvement of historical sources. First of all, the documents of the last weeks and days of “mezhdutsarstvie” should be analyzed. The attempts to follow ideologically conditioned concepts cannot bring satisfactory results in the solution of scientific problems. Analysis. Document analysis of the late 1612 and the early1613 leads to the conclusion that after the liberation of Moscow, the real power in the capital was in the hands of “duumvirate” – the leaders of the militia of Pr. D.T. Trubetskoy and Pr. D.M. Pozharsky. They did not lose their influence even when many orders were officially proclaimed on behalf of the Zemsky Sobor. At the same time, Pr. Trubetskoy seriously planned to take the throne with the help of Cossacks. The unexpected intervention of Cossacks in the support of Mikhail Romanov broke Trubetskoy’s plans. Nevertheless, the “duumvirs” tried to ignore the acclamation that took place on February 21, 1613 for several days. Results. Only under the pressure of the armed Cossack mass, the government had to swear allegiance to Mikhail Romanov and begin notifying provinces on the election of a new sovereign. Despite this fact, the leaders of the people’s militia retained the influence in the capital until the arrival of Tsar Mikhail to Moscow. Thus, preserved sources allow to significantly clarify the course of political events in Moscow in the first months of 1613.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRUCTURAL POLICY OF THE STATE IN THE CONDITIONS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REAL ECONOMY SECTOR: ON THE EXAMPLE OF BELARUS AND ARMENIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 253-265
Author(s):  
S. SOLODOVNICOV
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Regional Economic Integration ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Structural Policy ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Real

The features of the implementation of the structural policy of the state in the context of regional economic integration It has been established that the implementation of the structural policy of the Republic of Belarus in the conditions of the EAEU is affected by contradictions in the economic interests and forms of their implementation between the member states of the EAEU, as well as the strengthening of global technological uncertainty. These factors have a strong mutual influence, which seriously distorts the real-ontological forms of their manifestation. It is shown that, within the framework of the EAEU, it is necessary to develop a roadmap for the joint implementation of a new industrial revolution in all member states

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document