scholarly journals Open-Source Trading Zones and Boundary Objects: Examining GitHub as a Space for Collaborating on “News”

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Haim ◽  
Rodrigo Zamith

New actors, actants, and activities have entered journalism’s spaces in recent years. While this has raised the potential for the disruption of existing social orders, such heterogeneous assemblages also provide fruitful grounds for substantive innovation within “trading zones.” This article explores one such potential zone, the code-sharing platform GitHub, delineating the primary actors oriented around the boundary object of “news,” the objectives of their projects, the nature of their collaborations, and their use of software licenses. The analysis examines attributes of 88,776 news-oriented project repositories, with a smaller subsample subjected to a manual content analysis. Findings show that this trading zone consisted primarily of journalistic outsiders; repositories focused on technological solutions to distributional challenges and efforts that made journalism more transparent; that there was limited direct trade via the use of collaborative affordances on the platform; and that only a minority of repositories employed a permissive license favored by open-source advocates. This leads to a broader conclusion that while GitHub may be discursively important within journalism and certainly provides an avenue for actors to enter journalism’s periphery, it offers a limited pathway for those peripheral actors to move closer to the center of journalism. That, in turn, impacts the platform’s—and its users’—ability to reconfigure if not spur a reimagining of journalism’s meanings, conventions, and allocations of different forms of capital.

Author(s):  
E.G. Coleman ◽  
Benjamin Hill

This chapter examines the way that participation in Free software projects increases commitments to information freedom among participants. With the Debian project as its core case study, it argues that in Free and Open Source software communities, ethics are reinforced through the sustained collaborative development of code and discussions and decisions around Free software licenses and project policy. In the final section, the chapter draws on the ethnographic analysis of ethical cultivation in Debian to describe a model of ethical volunteerism based on institutional independence, volunteer labor, and networks of trust that is applicable to a range of vocations.


Author(s):  
Sangeeta Lal ◽  
Neetu Sardana ◽  
Ashish Sureka

Log statements present in source code provide important information to the software developers because they are useful in various software development activities such as debugging, anomaly detection, and remote issue resolution. Most of the previous studies on logging analysis and prediction provide insights and results after analyzing only a few code constructs. In this chapter, the authors perform an in-depth, focused, and large-scale analysis of logging code constructs at two levels: the file level and catch-blocks level. They answer several research questions related to statistical and content analysis. Statistical and content analysis reveals the presence of differentiating properties among logged and nonlogged code constructs. Based on these findings, the authors propose a machine-learning-based model for catch-blocks logging prediction. The machine-learning-based model is found to be effective in catch-blocks logging prediction.


Author(s):  
Kwei-Jay Lin ◽  
Yi-Hsuan Lin ◽  
Tung-Mei Ko

In this chapter, the authors present a novel perspective by using the Creative Commons (CC) licensing model to compare 10 commonly used OSS licenses. The authors also propose a license compatibility table to show that whether it is possible to combine OSS with CC-licensed open content in a creative work. By using the CC licensing concept to interpret OSS licenses, the authors hope that users can get a deeper understanding on the ideas and issues behind many of the OSS licenses. In addition, the authors hope that by means of this table, users can make a better decision on the license selection while combining open source with CC-licensed works.


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-212
Author(s):  
Stephanie de Smale

This article examines how war memory circulates, connects and collides on digital media platforms driven by digital publics that form around popular culture. Through a case study of vernacular memory discourses emerging around a game inspired by the Yugoslav war, the article investigates how the commenting practices of YouTube users provide insights into the feelings of belonging of conflict-affected subjects that go beyond ethnicity and exceed geographical boundaries. The comments of 331 videos were analysed, using an open source tool and sequential mixed-method content analysis. Media-based collectivities emerging on YouTube are influenced by the reactive and asynchronous dynamics of comments that stimulate the emergence of micro-narratives. Within this plurality of voices, connective moments focus on shared memories of trauma and displacement beyond ethnicity. However, clashing collective memories cause disputes that reify identification along ethnic lines. The article concludes that memory discourses emerging in the margins of YouTube represent the affective reactions of serendipitous encounters between users of audio-visual content.


Author(s):  
Frederik Görlitz ◽  
Jonathan Lightley ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Edwin Garcia ◽  
Ming Yan ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 493-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Maslanov

The article analyzes the conception of a trading zone as a space of action and belief coordination. P. Galison proposed the conception based on anthropological and linguistic analogies. The article reviews the anthropological analogies aimed at building up the conception and the legitimacy of their use. The conclusion is that the analogies used are not accurate enough. If the tribes interacting in trading zones have a common history, material culture, and practices, they can hardly have significant differences. If they are not in possession of all these characteristics, they are unlikely to remind us of different groups of scientists who participate in common researches. The article also contains the hypothesis that acceptance of a common habitus is a condition subject to which the scientists can arrange the mutual understanding space. It issues new challenges to the scientific community, as all people related to university education also accept the scientists’ habitus.


Author(s):  
Marne C Hagemeijer ◽  
Annelotte M Vonk ◽  
Nikhil T Awatade ◽  
Iris A L Silva ◽  
Christian Tischer ◽  
...  

Abstract Motivation The forskolin-induced swelling (FIS) assay has become the preferential assay to predict the efficacy of approved and investigational CFTR-modulating drugs for individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). Currently, no standardized quantification method of FIS data exists thereby hampering inter-laboratory reproducibility. Results We developed a complete open-source workflow for standardized high-content analysis of CFTR function measurements in intestinal organoids using raw microscopy images as input. The workflow includes tools for (i) file and metadata handling; (ii) image quantification and (iii) statistical analysis. Our workflow reproduced results generated by published proprietary analysis protocols and enables standardized CFTR function measurements in CF organoids. Availability All workflow components are open-source and freely available: the htmrenamer R package for file handling https://github.com/hmbotelho/htmrenamer; CellProfiler and ImageJ analysis scripts/pipelines https://github.com/hmbotelho/FIS_image_analysis; the Organoid Analyst application for statistical analysis https://github.com/hmbotelho/organoid_analyst; detailed usage instructions and a demonstration dataset https://github.com/hmbotelho/FIS_analysis. Distributed under GPL v3.0. Supplementary information Supplementary information and a stepwise guide for software installation and data analysis for training purposes are available at Bioinformatics online.


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