scholarly journals Supporting a Design Driven Approach to Social Inclusion and Accessibility in Transport

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Marshall ◽  
Steve Summerskill ◽  
Keith Case ◽  
Amjad Hussain ◽  
Diane Gyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Software Design ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
User Group ◽  
The Uk

This paper presents research into the area of public transport and accessibility, addressing the support of practitioners in achieving socially inclusive solutions to the mobility issues of diverse populations. For decades, social policy has been underpinned by a stereotyping of populations into simplified sub groups: old, young, disabled, etc. and thus solutions often fail to properly address the richness of human variability. These shortcomings are often ‘managed’ through the ability for people to adapt, however, this is not a sustainable way in which to build a socially inclusive transport infrastructure. A software design tool called HADRIAN is presented. This tool provides a means to evaluate designs for their physical inclusiveness through the use of a virtual user group. This virtual user group is the embodiment of over 100 people that can be used to assess an existing or proposed design and to gain an understanding of what may be done to improve its accommodation. A case study exploring the use of the tool is described together with work in exploring the correlation of the individuals within the HADRIAN system with data on the UK population as a whole and how the inclusion or exclusion of individuals with specific characteristics can be used to inform a more representative view of the inclusiveness of a design.

Prevention and Criminal Justice

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-220
Author(s):  
Paul Cairney ◽  
Emily St Denny
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Criminal Justice Policy ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Target Populations ◽  
Policy Shift ◽  
The Uk

First, we describe the general issues that governments face when pursuing social and criminal justice policies in a multi-centric environment. Both governments manage the same tensions between relatively punitive and individual versus supportive and population-wide measures to reduce crime, as part of an overall cross-cutting focus on prevention and early intervention. Second, we identify the historic policymaking strategies that UK governments have used to combine social policy and criminal justice policy, often with reference to target populations who—according to several UK ministers—do not pay their fair share to society and do not deserve state help. Third, we show how such trends influence preventive policies in specific areas such as drugs policy, in which the UK still reserves responsibility for drugs classification. Fourth, we use this UK context to identify the extent to which Scottish policy has a greater emphasis of social over criminal justice. To do so, we use the case study of a window of opportunity for a public health approach to serious violence. We focus on Scotland as the relatively innovative government on this issue, to provide context for initial analysis of the UK government’s proposed policy shift.

scholarly journals Stewarding National User Groups to Strengthen Open Source Software Communities

Publications ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Pascal-Nicolas Becker ◽  
Michele Mennielli ◽  
Katharina Trachte
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Great Success ◽  
User Group ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
User Groups ◽  
The Uk ◽  
International Engagement

Open Source Software (OSS) communities are often international, bringing together people from diverse regions with different linguistic and cultural backgrounds. National user groups can bolster these international communities by convening local events, championing the software to peers, welcoming and onboarding new contributors, raising money to support the broader community, and collecting important information on user’s needs. The open source community-led software DSpace has had great success encouraging the creation of national user groups; in the UK, North America, and Germany, the Groups have been active for many years. However, it was in 2018, thanks to a renewed focus on international engagement and more diverse representation of the global community in governance groups, that the national communities entered into a new phase: 15 new national User Groups have been formed all over the world since then, while the German user group evolved into the “DSpace-Konsortium Deutschland”, founded by 25 institutions, marking a pivotal point for membership options and National User Group participation within DSpace Governance. This article will offer an overview of the historical development of the DSpace community and its governance model, as well as DuraSpace’s international engagement strategy, including its benefits and challenges. Subsequently, we will present a case study on the DSpace-Konsortium Deutschland and explain its relation to the broader context of how to build national user groups within global communities.

scholarly journals Social enterprise: a model of recovery and social inclusion for occupational therapy practice in the UK

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Joy Stickley ◽  
Kelly J. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
The Uk

Purpose Occupational therapists are increasingly working in organisations outside of the public sector. UK government policy over the past decade has promoted health and social care provision by social enterprises. The purpose of this paper is to examine the compatibility of occupational therapy practice and a social enterprise environment, within the UK and questions if this approach may enhance experiences of social inclusion for people who use these services. Design/methodology/approach Case study methodology was used with eight social enterprises in the UK. Data were collected through: semi-structured interviews, formal organisational documents, and field visits and observations. Interviews were conducted with 26 participants who were occupational therapists, service users and social entrepreneurs/managers. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings Occupational therapists experienced job satisfaction, professional autonomy and were able to practise according to their professional philosophy. Service users valued support with: employment, routine, social relationships, and developing a sense of identity, particularly outside of a medical model definition. To a degree therefore, people using these services claimed socially inclusive benefits. Challenges with funding social enterprises, however, impacted occupational therapy delivery in some cases. Research limitations/implications The majority of social enterprise research is drawn from case study methodology; however, this was the most appropriate research design to gain greatest insight into a small but developing phenomenon. Further research into occupational therapy practice within social enterprises is required, particularly on the effectiveness of returning to work and social inclusion. Social implications Social enterprises can provide therapeutic environments to promote recovery and social inclusion which is also compatible with occupational therapy practice. Originality/value This is the first known national research into occupational therapy provision in social enterprises within the UK, which evidences a compatibility within occupational therapy practice within a social enterprise environment and the benefits of this.

‘E-stablishing’ an Inclusive Society? Technology, Social Exclusion and UK Government Policy Making

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
NEIL SELWYN
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Industrialised Countries ◽  
Inclusive Society

In many industrialised countries information and communication technology (ICT) is now being seen as a ready means through which governments can address issues of social exclusion. Indeed, in the UK this perspective has been quickly translated into a multi-billion pound policy agenda aimed at using ICT for socially inclusive purposes. Yet, beyond rhetorical concerns over bridging the perceived ‘digital divide’ and alleviating disparities between the information ‘rich’ and ‘poor’, little critical consideration has been given to how technology is being used by governments to achieve socially inclusive aims. This paper therefore examines the UK government’s ICT-based social policy drive through official documentation, policy statements and political discourse – considering the ‘problems’ that it sets out to address, the substance of the policies, and the perceived rationales and benefits for doing so. Having explored the official construction of these policies, the paper then examines how well founded this policy framework is in terms of achieving its stated aims of widening access to ICT and effectively facilitating ‘social inclusion’. The paper concludes by developing a critical perspective of such ICT policies which reveals deeper economic rationales informing this ostensibly ‘social’ policy programme.

scholarly journals Social Policy and Cultural Services: A Study of Scottish Border Museums as Implementers of Social Inclusion

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikki McCall
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Community Ownership ◽  
Exploratory Case Study ◽  
Scottish Parliament ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the findings of an exploratory case study based on local authority museums in the Scottish Borders to assess the impact of social inclusion policies from the Scottish Parliament. Taken from museum curators' perspectives, the findings suggest that social inclusion policies have not filtered through the system to reach the curators due to unclear government policy and confusion regarding terminology, strategy and guidelines. Curators found it difficult to engage with social inclusion discourse, despite employing socially inclusive actions in everyday practice. The relationship between the local community and museum was seen to be unique and multi-layered, with a perceived dimension of community ownership, which has implications for social policy on central, local and individual levels.

scholarly journals Metro and elderly health in Hong Kong: protocol for a natural experiment study in a high-density city

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e043983
Author(s):  
Guibo Sun ◽  
Yao Du ◽  
Michael Y Ni ◽  
Jianting Zhao ◽  
Chris Webster
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Elderly Health ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionPublic transport accessible to older people may offer a transformative solution to achieving healthy ageing. However, the evidence to support such transport infrastructure modifications is unclear. Previous studies on public transport use and elderly health were mostly observational studies using cross-sectional data. Few studies have examined the before-and-after effects of a new metro, for example, to see if it leads to improved elderly health.Methods and analysisWe use a new metro line in Hong Kong as a natural experiment to examine the impact of the metro-led public transport intervention on elderly health. In Hong Kong, more than 90% of daily travels are made by public transport. The public transport modifications consist of the new metro line with eight stations and changes in the walking environment and bus services around the stations. We will look at the before-and-after differences in public transport use and health outcomes between elderly participants living in treatment neighbourhoods (400 m walking buffered areas of the new metro stations) and in control groups (living in comparable areas but unaffected by the new metro). Questionnaire-based baseline data were collected in 2019 before the COVID-19 pandemic, while some qualitative interviews are ongoing. Amid the pandemic, we conducted a quick telephone-based survey of COVID-19’s potential impact on public transport use behaviours of our elderly cohort in September 2020. Note there is no lockdown in Hong Kong until the writing of the paper (January 2021). After the new metro opens, we will conduct a follow-up survey, tentatively in late 2022. We aim to investigate if the new metro and the associated changes in the built environment have any effects on public transport use behaviours, physical activity and wider health outcomes among the elderly (eg, social inclusion, quality of life, subjective well-being).Ethics and disseminationThe Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Hong Kong reviewed and approved the study procedures and materials (reference number: EA1710040). Results will be communicated through scientific papers and research reports.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Duration of Journey Stages on Transport Mode Choice: A Case Study in the City of Tarnow

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5922
Author(s):  
Marek Bauer ◽  
Piotr Kisielewski
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Transport Choice ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
The City

In this paper, we present the effect of making too many private car journeys on city transport systems. A sustainable approach for the development of transport infrastructure is needed, which takes into account local conditions and needs, especially for areas with a high density of origins and destinations. The criteria for evaluating public transport and bicycle transport are presented, which, if acceptable to city residents, may lead to changes in transportation behaviors and, thus, a more efficient use of transport in daily travels. Factors affecting the mode of transport choice include the duration of particular stages of a journey, such as reaching the location where the first ride commences/driving from the travel origin, waiting for a vehicle (bus journeys) or ride/drive, and reaching the travel destination of the last ride/drive. Additionally, the possibility of using a car and having a seasonal ticket for public transport were taken into account. In this study, the results of detailed travel research in the Polish city of Tarnow were used. It has been proven that the low share of public transport in daily travels is due, among other things, to excessive time to reach a stop and due to walking to journey destinations, whereas the low share of cycling is mainly due to a lack of comfort and safe cycling infrastructure.

Including Dyslexic Users in the Early Design of the LITERACY Portal

2014 ◽  
pp. 102-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate Motschnig ◽  
Domink Hagelkruys ◽  
Ján Struhár ◽  
Kamila Balharová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Primary User ◽  
User Group ◽  
The European Union ◽  
End User ◽  
Human Centered Design ◽  
Tools And Techniques

Human-Centered Design requires end-user consideration and involvement in all steps of the human-computer interface design, but how can this be accomplished if the primary user group is users with special cognitive and affective needs? Would “classical” tools and techniques be sufficient or would they need to be adapted and complemented with special effort? This chapter shares the strategies the authors adopt and the experiences they are gradually gaining in including users with dyslexia in the design of the LITERACY Web-Portal. LITERACY is a project of the European Union aiming at improving social inclusion of youth and adults with dyslexia. The authors hope this case study provides insight on and gives courage for inclusion of end-users even though—or particularly because—they have special needs.

The Strange Case of British Earnings-Related Unemployment Benefit

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Micklewright
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Unemployment Benefit ◽  
Income Support ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Unemployed

ABSTRACTThe abolition in 1982 of the Earnings-Related Supplement (ERS) to unemployment benefit, which had been introduced in 1966, left the UK with no element of income support for the unemployed linked to previous earnings. The ERS scheme represents an important case study of economic and social policy but it has been little researched hitherto. The paper examines the history of ERS, showing how the original legislation and subsequent development produced a benefit that bore little relation to schemes in other countries. Unpublished administrative data on the receipt of ERS are used to help document the scheme's failings, and the paper closes by placing ERS within the context of the development of unemployment insurance in Britain.

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