scholarly journals Investigating the Potential of Ridesharing to Reduce Vehicle Emissions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roozbeh Jalali ◽  
Seama Koohi-Fayegh ◽  
Khalil El-Khatib ◽  
Daniel Hoornweg ◽  
Heng Li
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Local Air Pollution ◽  
Schedule Time ◽  
Reduce Emissions

As urban populations grow, cities need new strategies to maintain a good standard of living while enhancing services and infrastructure development. A key area for improving city operations and spatial layout is the transportation of people and goods. While conventional transportation systems (i.e., fossil fuel based) are struggling to serve mobility needs for growing populations, they also represent serious environmental threats. Alternative-fuel vehicles can reduce emissions that contribute to local air pollution and greenhouse gases as mobility needs grow. However, even if alternative-powered vehicles were widely employed, road congestion would still increase. This paper investigates ridesharing as a mobility option to reduce emissions (carbon, particulates and ozone) while accommodating growing transportation needs and reducing overall congestion. The potential of ridesharing to reduce carbon emissions from personal vehicles in Changsha, China, is examined by reviewing mobility patterns of approximately 8,900 privately-owned vehicles over two months. Big data analytics identify ridesharing potential among these drivers by grouping vehicles by their trajectory similarity. The approach includes five steps: data preprocessing, trip recognition, feature vector creation, similarity measurement and clustering. Potential reductions in vehicle emissions through ridesharing among a specific group of drivers are calculated and discussed. While the quantitative results of this analysis are specific to the population of Changsha, they provide useful insights for the potential of ridesharing to reduce vehicle emissions and the congestion expected to grow with mobility needs. Within the study area, ridesharing has the potential to reduce total kilometers driven by about 24% assuming a maximum distance between trips less than 10 kilometers, and schedule time less than 60 minutes. For a more conservative maximum trip distance of 2 kilometers and passenger schedule time of less than 40 minutes, the reductions in traveled kilometers could translate to the equivalent of approximately 4.0 tons CO2 emission reductions daily.

scholarly journals Demanda y provisión de trasporte público en Ciudad Obregón, Sonora

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (67) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Ileana Rodríguez Gámez
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Transportation Demand ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
Public Transportation Systems

Resumen: desde hace un par de años, los sistemas de trasporte público enfrentan una crisis que se ha traducido en una disminución de la calidad del servicio y en la degradación o reducción de la flota, por ello algunas ciudades afrontan problemas serios de demanda que exceden la capacidad de dichos sistemas. Uno de los principales obstáculos para hacer frente a esta problemática es la falta de información sobre los patrones de movilidad de los residentes. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es cuantificar el volumen de viajes y derivar la demanda potencial de trasporte público en Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, a fin de proporcionar datos básicos para su planificación y provisión. La metodología emplea un sistema de información geográfica, con información secundaria para determinar las necesidades de movilidad, a partir de la estructura familiar, sus actividades cotidianas y la accesibilidad a los modos de trasportación públicos y privados.Palabras clave: modos de trasporte; trasporte público; oferta de trasporte público; demanda de trasporte público; provisión de trasporte público; accesibilidad al trasporte público.Abstract: since a couple of years ago public transportation systems are facing a crisis, as a result of a fall in the quality of the service, as well as a degradation or reduction of the fleet. As a consequence, some cities face serious problems because demand exceeds the capacity of such systems. One of the main obstacles to address this problem is the lack of information on mobility patterns of residents. Thus, the aim is to quantify the volume of travel and derive the demand for public transportation in Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, to provide basic data for its planning and provision. The methodology employs a Geographic Information System, with secondary information in order to determine mobility needs based on family, its daily activities and accessibility to modes of public and private transportation.Key words: modes of transportation; public transportation; public transportation supply; public transportation demand; public transportation provision; accessibility to public transportation.

Low Carbon Mobility, Urgent futures and radical transitions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Higham ◽  
Debbie Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Transportation Emissions ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement ◽  
Transport Emissions

More people than ever before are moving more frequently and at accelerating speeds, often for shorter periods of time. These mobilities are largely dependent on unsustainable high-carbon technologies. The continued and accelerating growth of transportation emissions is attributed to changing mobility patterns among the high emitters of hypermobile developed societies, combined with the rapid development of high carbon intensity transport systems in emerging economies. Mitigation of transport emissions remains largely absent from the political agenda, despite growing recognition of the urgent need to address transportation emissions, because it is fundamentally incompatible with neoliberal ideals. The level of decarbonisation required to align regional and global transportation systems with the agreed targets of the Paris Climate Agreement (2015) has proved to be a particularly acute challenge. The Agreement recognises that radical and system-wide transitions toward low carbon mobility are urgently required. It is critically important that the varied social, cultural and geographic contexts of low carbon mobility transitions that are identified in Low Carbon Mobility Transitions are taken up and acted upon to inform the low carbon mobility transformations that are so obviously and urgently required. These insights must inform efforts to ensure the full accountability of transportation emissions, and to ensure that the INDCs that are outlined in the Paris Climate Agreement (2015) are upheld and achieved in full measure.

scholarly journals “Mobility as a Service” Platforms: A Critical Path towards Increasing the Sustainability of Transportation Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Oliveira Cruz ◽  
Joaquim Miranda Sarmento
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Home Work ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Urban mobility is experiencing a profound change. Mobility patterns are becoming more complex, and typical home–work–home travel is no longer the rule, as journeys tend to connect multiple points in a rather inconstant pattern. This has changed the approach to transport planning. Existing transportation planning and operation approaches have been focussed on the ability to identify and forecast typical home–work/school–home travel and subsequently plan the transport system accordingly. The traditional approach has been: Forecast - > plan - > deliver. New mobility patterns and mobility solutions are characterised by greater flexibility, taking advantage of the “sharing concept” and simultaneously providing solutions that have lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These dynamics and an evolving environment raise several new challenges at different levels, fostering the development of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS). This system transforms the physical transportation system into a commodity and takes advantage of the internet of things (IoT). However, the onset of MaaS solutions is anything but linear. Several business models have emerged, with different partners originating from different industries (e.g., technological, transport operators, infrastructure managers, etc.) developing their own solutions, often in competition with others. It is not unusual to find different MaaS solutions in the same city, which integrate different solutions. This paper intends to provide an analysis on the main challenges affecting mobility in general, and MaaS in particular, as well as the main business models used for delivering MaaS solutions. The paper uses a case study in Lisbon to illustrate some of the challenges.

scholarly journals Emissions and Fuel Consumption Modeling for Evaluating Environmental Effectiveness of ITS Strategies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-yuan Song ◽  
En-jian Yao ◽  
Ting Zuo ◽  
Zhi-feng Lang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
Environmental Effectiveness

Road transportation is a major fuel consumer and greenhouse gas emitter. Recently, the intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) technologies, which can improve traffic flow and safety, have been developed to reduce the fuel consumption and vehicle emissions. Emission and fuel consumption estimation models play a key role in the evaluation of ITS technologies. Based on the influence analysis of driving parameters on vehicle emissions, this paper establishes a set of mesoscopic vehicle emission and fuel consumption models using the real-world vehicle operation and emission data. The results demonstrate that these models are more appropriate to evaluate the environmental effectiveness of ITS strategies with enough estimation accuracy.

scholarly journals Understanding spatio-temporal mobility patterns for seniors, child/student and adult using smart card data

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-1 ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Huang ◽  
J. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Weighted Graph ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Using Data

Commutes in urban areas create interesting travel patterns that are often stored in regional transportation databases. These patterns can vary based on the day of the week, the time of the day, and commuter type. This study proposes methods to detect underlying spatio-temporal variability among three groups of commuters (senior citizens, child/students, and adults) using data mining and spatial analytics. Data from over 36 million individual trip records collected over one week (March 2012) on the Singapore bus and Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system by the fare collection system were used. Analyses of such data are important for transportation and landuse designers and contribute to a better understanding of urban dynamics. <br><br> Specifically, descriptive statistics, network analysis, and spatial analysis methods are presented. Descriptive variables were proposed such as density and duration to detect temporal features of people. A directed weighted graph G &equiv; (N , L, W) was defined to analyze the global network properties of every pair of the transportation link in the city during an average workday for all three categories. Besides, spatial interpolation and spatial statistic tools were used to transform the discrete network nodes into structured human movement landscape to understand the role of transportation systems in urban areas. The travel behaviour of the three categories follows a certain degree of temporal and spatial universality but also displays unique patterns within their own specialties. Each category is characterized by their different peak hours, commute distances, and specific locations for travel on weekdays.

Emissions Reductions From Vehicle Retirement Programs

1997 ◽  
Vol 1587 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Deysher ◽  
Don Pickrell
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Ozone Precursor ◽  
The Cost

Nonattainment areas taking advantage of EPA’s modified enforcement of the 1990 Clean Air Act mandates for unpopular emissions control measures will be required to identify alternative measures to reduce emissions, and several areas have indicated their intention to implement scrappage programs for older vehicles as a means of “replacing” the emissions reductions originally expected to result from these other measures. The potential reductions in fleetwide motor vehicle emissions from scrappage of all older light-duty vehicles in a typical urban area’s fleet are analyzed, and the sensitivity of those reductions to the timing of the program’s implementation and to alternative assumptions about more intensive use of vehicles remaining in the fleet are explored. The cost-effectiveness of such a program in reducing ozone precursor emissions is investigated and the reliability of estimates of the program’s effectiveness developed by using the MOBILE5a vehicle emissions model are evaluated. The likely emissions reductions from even so comprehensive a vehicle scrappage program cannot replace those anticipated to result from measures such as enhanced inspection and maintenance and sales of reformulated gasoline, but smaller-scale retirement programs may be a cost-effective element of a larger package of emissions reduction strategies.

scholarly journals Developing a Software Tool to Estimate Food Transportation Carbon Emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Breuklyn Opp ◽  
Kurt A. Rosentrater
Keyword(s):  
Software Tool ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Route Optimization ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Transportation Emissions ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Food transportation is an increasingly important consideration to total food sustainability in a rapidly globalizing world. To maintain the efficiency of regionalized production, food travels great distances to the consumer&rsquo;s plate. While this long-distance sourcing is often more sustainable from a production standpoint, the routes from origin to consumer are frequently unoptimized. To reduce emissions due to transportation, many have tried to limit the miles travelled by food items. However, the mode of travel is an equally important factor. Different modes produce vastly different emissions over equivalent distances. To effectively model these routes, a set of transportation emissions estimation tools has been created. This program uses an Excel interface to allow users to input key factors (like cargo mass, origin, and destination) and experiment with different modes and routes of travel to find the optimal transportation system for their application. This program may be used to analyze or improve the total life cycle analysis of a variety of products. In a case of the comparison of transportation modes, a salmon transportation route from the Faroe Islands (America&rsquo;s 2nd largest source of imported fresh salmon) to Richmond, VA, USA, resulted in a roughly 98% reduction of emissions when shipped via sea rather than flown. In a case of transportation optimization, the reciprocal trade of beef between Costa Rica and the United States was found to result in at least 158,000 kg of CO2eq annually. These cases (and others) show the great need for better route optimization in food transportation systems.

A Preliminary Safety Analysis of an Ultracapacitor Power Subsystem for a Prototype Alternative Fuel Vehicle

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Quinn ◽  
N. Hill ◽  
B. Sherman ◽  
J. Etherton ◽  
S. Wayne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Safety Analysis ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽  
Emergency Rescue ◽  
Engineering Team ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures

In today’s rapidly changing world, the need for safe, more fuel-efficient and environmental friendly vehicles is in high demand. Private and public sector proponents of alternative fuel vehicles have joined forces to create a university-based competition, Challenge-X, to safely increase fuel economy as well as reduce emissions. The safe performance of vehicle testing, maintenance and rescue tasks are integral to the competition. At West Virginia University, a mechanical engineering team is developing a vehicle powered by a 1.9-L direct injection turbodiesel engine using bio-diesel fuel. Energy storage in the vehicle is via 750 kJ ultracapacitors which power two 13 kW AC induction wheel hub motors. A system safety analysis performed by a WVU industrial engineering team focuses on the ultracapacitor portion of the system. Designsafe© software is used to systematically identify tasks, hazards, risks, and risk reduction measures. An emergency rescue plan and a procedure for emergency rescue for vehicles with this design is described. The emergency safety plan identifies ‘no cut’ areas or areas of the car that would be very dangerous to cut due to the high voltage. The risk reduction plan includes procedures for performing maintenance on the electrical system, including the ultracapacitor system.

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