scholarly journals Maximizing Green Infrastructure in a Philadelphia Neighborhood

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Zidar ◽  
Timothy A. Bartrand ◽  
Charles H. Loomis ◽  
Chariss A. McAfee ◽  
Juliet M. Geldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
Community Stakeholders ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Green Stormwater Infrastructure

While the Philadelphia Water Department (PWD) is counting on Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GI) as a key component of its long-term plan for reducing combined sewer overflows, many community stakeholders are also hoping that investment in greening can help meet other ancillary goals, collectively referred to as sustainable redevelopment. This study investigates the challenges associated with implementation of GI in Point Breeze, a residential neighborhood of South Philadelphia. The project team performed a detailed study of physical, social, legal, and economic conditions in the pilot neighborhood over the course of several years, culminating in the development of an agent-based model simulation of GI implementation. The model evaluates a) whether PWD’s GI goals can be met in a timely manner, b) what kinds of assumptions regarding participation would be needed under different theoretical GI policies, and c) the extent to which GI could promote sustainable redevelopment. The model outcomes underscore the importance of private land in helping PWD achieve its GI goals in Point Breeze. Achieving a meaningful density of GI in the neighborhoods most in need of sustainable redevelopment may require new and creative strategies for GI implementation tailored for the types of land present in those particular communities.

scholarly journals Pollution Loads Discharged from Combined Sewer Overflows: Theoretical Approach and Long Term Numerical Assessment

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Mignosa ◽  
Alessandro Paoletti
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Numerical Assessment ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
On Line ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
Two Parameters

The paper describes a theoretical analysis and a numerical assessment of pollutant loads discharged from Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) - with or without stormwater tanks – into the environment. The theoretical approach was based on certain simple assumptions, reasonably valid if the time scale of the problem involved is long enough (month/ year), in that single-event simulation is not interesting at all. Two main parameters related to the rainfall regime were found to be significant: the total volume of water discharged from the structure and the effective mixing factor between sanitary sewage and storm runoff. A numerical assessment of these two parameters was then made, on an annual basis, by means of a long-term rainfall series recorded in Milan, Italy. Both the “simple” CSO structure and the CSO coupled with stormwater tanks (on-line or off-line) were considered. The resulting graphs make it possible to evaluate the total annual load discharged from CSOs into the environment and the potential reduction obtained by adding a storage capacity to the overflow. This estimation could be of interest for persistent pollutants (phosphorus, heavy metals) discharged into low-recirculation bodies (lakes, estuaries, lagoons, closed seas).

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Assessment of Green Infrastructure for Climate Change Adaptation in the Context of Urban Drainage Planning

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Locatelli ◽  
Maria Guerrero ◽  
Beniamino Russo ◽  
Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz ◽  
David Sunyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Damage Reduction ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sewer Overflows

Green infrastructure (GI) contributes to improve urban drainage and also has other societal and environmental benefits that grey infrastructure usually does not have. Economic assessment for urban drainage planning and decision making often focuses on flood criteria. This study presents an economic assessment of GI based on a conventional cost-benefit analysis (CBA) that includes several benefits related to urban drainage (floods, combined sewer overflows and waste water treatment), environmental impacts (receiving water bodies) and additional societal and environmental benefits associated with GI (air quality improvements, aesthetic values, etc.). Benefits from flood damage reduction are monetized based on the widely used concept of Expected Annual Damage (EAD) that was calculated using a 1D/2D urban drainage model together with design storms and a damage model based on tailored flood depth–damage curves. Benefits from Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO) damage reduction were monetized using a 1D urban drainage model with continuous rainfall simulations and prices per cubic meter of spilled combined sewage water estimated from literature; other societal benefits were estimated using unit prices also estimated from literature. This economic assessment was applied to two different case studies: the Spanish cities of Barcelona and Badalona. The results are useful for decision making and also underline the relevancy of including not only flood damages in CBA of GI.

scholarly journals The Role of Sewer Network Structure on the Occurrence and Magnitude of Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2675
Author(s):  
Julian Reyes-Silva ◽  
Emmanuel Bangura ◽  
Björn Helm ◽  
Jakob Benisch ◽  
Peter Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Intense Storm ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sewer Overflows

Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) prevent surges in sewer networks by releasing untreated wastewater into nearby water bodies during intense storm events. CSOs can have acute and detrimental impacts on the environment and thus need to be managed. Although several gray, green and hybrid CSO mitigation measures have been studied, the influence of network structure on CSO occurrence is not yet systematically evaluated. This study focuses on evaluating how the variation of urban drainage network structure affects the frequency and magnitude of CSO events. As a study case, a sewer subnetwork in Dresden, Germany, where 11 CSOs are present, was selected. Scenarios corresponding to the structures with the lowest and with the highest number of possible connected pipes, are developed and evaluated using long-term hydrodynamic simulation. Results indicate that more meshed structures are associated to a decrease on the occurrence and magnitude of CSO. Event frequency reductions vary between 0% and 68%, while reduction of annual mean volumes and annual mean loads ranged between 0% and 87% and 0% and 92%. These rates were mainly related to the additional sewer storage capacity provided in the more meshed scenarios, following a sigmoidal behavior. However, increasing network connections causes investment costs, therefore optimization strategies for selecting intervention areas are needed. Furthermore, the present approach of reducing CSO frequency may provide a new gray solution that can be integrated in the development of hybrid mitigation strategies for the CSO management.

Emission predictions with a multi-linear reservoir model

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vaes ◽  
J. Berlamont
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
Reservoir Model ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Ideal Tool ◽  
Linear Reservoir

For the assessment of combined sewer overflows detailed models are not necessary. Physically based conceptual models give an optimal balance between model uncertainty and uncertainty in the input data. Besides, it is important that continuous long term simulations are performed. To prove this, in this paper the calibration of a reservoir model is discussed. The emission results of the reservoir model are compared with those of a hydrodynamic model. This research shows that a well-calibrated reservoir model can predict overflow emissions as well as a detailed model, taking into account the uncertainties in the input data. Moreover, when a reservoir model is used the calculation times are 104 to 106 times smaller. Such simplified models are an ideal tool to perform quickly various scenario analyses.

Green Infrastructure Approaches to Control of Combined Sewer Overflows

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Rajan ◽  
Marc Cammarata ◽  
James T. Smullen ◽  
Dwayne Myers ◽  
Gary D. Martens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sewer Overflows
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