scholarly journals Anaplastic thyroid cancer. Is there a light at the end of the tunnel?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Pylev ◽  
A. A. Zhandarova ◽  
K. S. Petrov ◽  
D. S. Romanov ◽  
V. A. Lisovoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Tumor ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Methods

Anaplastic thyroid cancer is one of the most prognostically unfavorable tumors. This disadvantage traditionally consisted of a rapid increase in the size of the primary tumor with a tendency to the development of asphyxia and the rapid appearance of distant metastases, as well as a poor response to the recommended treatment methods. The result of many years of efforts by oncologists around the world were several treatment regimens, including an ideal amount of surgical intervention, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, but the effectiveness of this treatment, as well as the patient’s life expectancy after it, could not be called satisfactory. Improving the understanding of the molecular genetic characteristics of tumors, including anaplastic thyroid cancer, provided us with information on two possible features of the genetic apparatus of tumor cells that can have clinical significance: V600E mutations in the BRAF gene and fusion of NTRK genes. The clinical example described in this article is probably the first Russian illustration of the effectiveness of anti-BRAF therapy in a patient with anaplastic thyroid cancer. From our point of view, the benefit of this example is not only to demonstrate the effectiveness of modern targeted therapy, but also the need not to abandon other treatment methods, in this case, radiation therapy to the area of the primary tumor (and by analogy with this, surgical removal of the thyroid tumor glands in case of its resectability).

Synergistic anticancer activity of sorafenib, paclitaxel, and radiation therapy on anaplastic thyroid cancer in vitro and in vivo

Head & Neck ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 3678-3684
Author(s):  
Soo Young Kim ◽  
Seok‐Mo Kim ◽  
Hojin Chang ◽  
Hang‐Seok Chang ◽  
Cheong Soo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

scholarly journals Outcomes Following Radiation Therapy for Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1380
Author(s):  
A. Bell ◽  
J. Ma ◽  
B. Lok ◽  
J.E. Leeman ◽  
C.J. Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

scholarly journals Primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumor of infancy. Review of literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
V. A. Fochenkova ◽  
G. G. Radulesku ◽  
N. A. Rysev ◽  
I. S. Kletskaya ◽  
D. M. Konovalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Fusion ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumor ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Aggressive Tumor

Primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumor of infancy (PMMTI) is an aggressive tumor with a high rate of local recurrence, rare metastasis and poor response to chemotherapy.PMMTI is a rare soft-tissue sarcoma that preferentially affects infants. It is isolated from the group of infantile fibrosarcomas or myofibroblastic tumors. PMMTI differs from other tumors in the clinical course, morphological features and primarily molecular genetic changes. ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion is characteristic of infantile fibrosarcomas. However, it is not detected in patients with PMMTI. BCOR ITD had been described in patients with PMMTI and it allowed to define this tumor from the group of infantile fibrosarcomas.Unified treatment approaches have not been identified for this tumor yet. Radical surgical removal is preferred treatment. BCOR ITD is a target. Nowadays search for targeted drugs is ongoing and it could help to solve the problem of PMMTI treatment.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer: A report of six consecutive cases treated successfully with nab-paclitaxel.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17586-e17586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Travers ◽  
Eleanor Cronin ◽  
Mira Marinova ◽  
Peter Smith ◽  
Andrew Peter Dean
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Phase 2 Trial ◽  
Local Disease ◽  
Radiological Response ◽  
Number Of Cycles

e17586 Background: Advanced anaplastic thyroid cancer is a disease with very few treatment options. Poor response rates have been reported with cisplatin / doxorubicin and modest response noted in a single phase 2 trial with 24 hour paclitaxel infusion. The 50% response rate has not been reproduced by other investigators but raises questions about the possible utility of taxanes. Although paclitaxel is not approved for this indication in Australia, nab-Paclitaxel is available on a compassionate access scheme. We report 6 consecutive cases treated with nab-paclitaxel (as an alternative to paclitaxel infusion) who all exhibited a response to treatment. Methods: 6 consecutive patients with histologically proven advanced anaplastic thyroid cancer were assessed and imaged to document extent of disease. They were all treated with nab-paclitaxel 100mg/M2 given weekly either continuously or for 3 weeks out of every 4. Clinical and radiological response to treatment was documented. Results: The number of cycles given ranged from 3 to 8. Two patients required dose reductions due to neuropathy. Of the 6 patients; 5 had measurable metastatic disease and 5 had measurable local disease. Four patients showed clinical response to treatment with shrinkage of measurable local disease. One patient showed response to treatment with shrinkage of the primary tumour. Three patients with stridor developed considerable relief from this distressing symptom. Three patients with inoperable disease subsequently became operable and were resected to obtain local disease control. One patient with no evaluable disease after resection (Stage 4B) who received adjuvant nab-paclitaxel remains free of recurrence at 4 years. Conclusions: Anaplastic thyroid cancer is generally regarded as malignancy untreatable by chemotherapy. Our pilot series suggests nab-Paclitaxel warrants further evaluation and should be considered as a chemotherapy backline for combination with targeted agents.

scholarly journals Synergistic Anticancer Activity of N-Hydroxy-7-(2-Naphthylthio) Heptanomide, Sorafenib, and Radiation Therapy in Patient-Derived Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Hyeok Jun Yun ◽  
Hee Jun Kim ◽  
Jungmin Kim ◽  
Sang Yong Kim ◽  
Hang-Seok Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Anticancer Effect ◽  
Mouse Xenograft Model

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an undifferentiated and advanced form of thyroid cancer, accompanied with a high ratio of epigenetic adjustment, which occurs more than genetic mutations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the synergistic anticancer effect (in vitro and in vivo) of the new combination of N-hydroxy-7-(2-naphthylthio) heptanomide (HNHA) and sorafenib with radiation therapy in pre-clinical models of ATC. The ATC cell lines, YUMC-A1 and YUMC-A2, were isolated from the current patients who were treated with HNHA and sorafenib, either as monotherapy or combination therapy. Synergistic anticancer effect of the combination therapy on the intracellular signaling pathways and cell cycle was assessed via flow cytometry and immunoblot analysis. To examine tumor shrinkage activity in vivo, an ATC cell line-derived mouse xenograft model was used. Results showed that the combination therapy of HNHA and sorafenib with radiation promoted tumor suppression via caspase cleavage and cell cycle arrest in patient-derived ATC. In addition, the combination therapy of HNHA and sorafenib with radiation was more effective against ATC than therapy with HNHA or sorafenib with radiation. Thus, the combination of HNHA and sorafenib with radiation may be used as a novel curative approach for the treatment of ATC.

scholarly journals Update on External Beam Radiation Therapy in Thyroid Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 2289-2295 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Brierley
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
External Beam ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Effective Radiation

Abstract Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for thyroid cancer. The role for external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) as an adjuvant to surgery or as the primary therapy is established in anaplastic thyroid cancer but is controversial in differentiated thyroid cancer and uncertain in medullary thyroid cancer. This update reviews the recent reported success of combining EBRT with taxanes in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Also discussed are the recent reports from large single institutions that support the recommendations of the American and British Thyroid Associations on the use of EBRT in high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer. Further evidence on the role of EBRT in MTC is discussed. The important advances in the delivery of EBRT using intensity-modulated radiation and image-guided radiation that result in more accurate and potentially more effective radiation therapy with less toxicity are also discussed.

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