Guillain-Barré syndrome during childhood

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
R Lieberman ◽  
TW Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Progressive Weakness

Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acquired disease of the peripheral nervous system. The etiology appears to be autoimmune in nature. The major clinical features are progressive weakness and loss of reflexes, with respiratory failure being a serious complication. The prognosis for Guillain-Barré syndrome in children is good with proper intensive care and early detection of the disease.

scholarly journals Diabetic cervicobrachial radiculoplexopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
L. T. Akhmedzhanova ◽  
A. I. Isaikin ◽  
O. A. Chernenko ◽  
Yu. M. Shor ◽  
D. M. Merkulova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Alpha Lipoic Acid ◽  
First Time ◽  
Damage Types

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) damage is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. There may be different PNS damage types that differ in clinical symptoms and pathogenesis. A clinical case of diabetic cervicobrachial radiculoplexopathy is presented for the first time in Russia. The paper discusses the clinical features of this type versus diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexopathy, instrumental diagnosis of diabetic radiculoplexopathies, pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease, and treatment approaches. It shows the efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation in a patient with diabetic radiculoplexopathy.

scholarly journals Clinical Features and Outcomes in Pediatric Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated With CASPR2 Antibody

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengbing Tan ◽  
Yan Jiang ◽  
Min Zhong ◽  
Yue Hu ◽  
Siqi Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulins ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Line Therapy

Background: Contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) neurological autoimmunity has been associated with various clinical syndromes involving central and peripheral nervous system. CASPR2 antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis is mostly reported in adults. Analysis of the clinical presentation and prognostic data of CASPR2 antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis in children remains important.Methods: A single-center retrospective review of children diagnosed with CASPR2 antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis from June 1st, 2018 to October 31st, 2020.Results: Six patients were identified. The median age was 12 years (range 1.8–14), with an overall male predominance of 83% (5/6). Commonest clinical features were psychiatric symptoms (6/6), movement disorders (4/6), altered consciousness (3/6), sleep disorders (3/6), and headache (3/6). Four patients (4/6) received first-line therapy alone (steroids combined with intravenous immunoglobulins), and two patients (2/6) received second-line therapy (rituximab, mycophenolate mofetil, or cyclophosphamide). All patients showed no peripheral nervous system involvement. One patient had comorbidities with systemic lupus erythematosus. No evidence of neoplastic disease was found in the whole cohort. All patients had favorable outcomes (modified Rankin Score 0–2) with recurrence rate at 0%, respectively.Conclusion: CASPR2 antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis is rare in children. Our findings suggest that this type of encephalitis seems to occur more frequently in older children. Patients respond well to immunotherapy and usually demonstrate a favorable clinical outcome. Associated tumors are extremely rare.

scholarly journals Clinical and functional status of the peripheral nervous system in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy

2015 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
N.K. Svyrydova ◽  
Y.V. Ponomarenko ◽  
N.V. Terentyeva
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Diabetic Polyneuropathy ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Clinical And Functional Status ◽  
The Moment

It seems impossible at the moment to stem the incidence of diabetes despite the enormous efforts to address this global problem. We have examined 30 patients with type 2 diabetes to study the clinical and functional status of the peripheral nervous system in patients with diabetic distal polyneuropathy. Our works showed the importance of both clinical and electroneuroneuromiographic examination of patients with diabetes who have or do not have objective manifestations of polyneuropathy. This allows for early detection of the initial effects of polyneuropathy. In patients with symptomatic stage of diabetic polyneuropathy, this method allows to establish the pattern, nature, and severity of lesions of fibers of peripheral nerve trunks.

Acute Manifestations of Neuromuscular Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christyn Edmundson ◽  
Shawn Bird
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Neuromuscular Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Anterior Horn Cell ◽  
Severe Morbidity ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Underlying Disorder

AbstractNeuromuscular emergencies may be defined as disorders or exacerbation of diseases of the peripheral nervous system that are rapidly progressive and potentially life-threatening. Such disorders can affect any level of the peripheral nervous system, from the muscle to the anterior horn cell. While their clinical manifestations may vary, severe morbidity and mortality is most frequently the result of neuromuscular respiratory failure. Some disorders, such as Guillain–Barré syndrome, provide the additional threat of severe, and potentially irreversible, nerve loss. Others, such as rhabdomyolysis and malignant hyperthermia, may produce serious medical complications. This article reviews neuromuscular emergencies by localization in the peripheral nervous system of the underlying disorder, as well as the identification and management of neuromuscular respiratory failure.

Neurotoxic Side Effects of Antimicrobial and Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
G. N. Mozhokina ◽  
A. G. Samoilova
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Full Treatment ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects

The literature data on the frequency and manifestations of neurotoxic effects of a number of antimicrobial drugs on the central and peripheral nervous system are analyzed. The predisposing factors for the development of neurotoxicity and risk groups are identified. The mechanisms of the neurotoxic action of fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, oxazolidinones, and a number of anti-tuberculosis drugs are described. Particular attention is paid to anti-tuberculosis drugs due to the need for the complex use of several drugs with a similar safety profile. The necessity of early detection of neurotoxicity of drugs and complex regimens for minimization of side effects, timely correction, and full treatment of patients has been substantiated.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Children

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Owen B. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Intensive Care Therapy ◽  
Autoimmune Attack ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System Myelin ◽  
Progressive Weakness ◽  
Careful History

The Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acquired, monophasic illness of the peripheral nervous system. The etiology is an autoimmune attack directed against peripheral nervous system myelin, although the exact mechanism of the immunologic injury is unknown. The major clinical features are rapidly progressive weakness and hyporeflexia, and the most serious complications during the acute phase of the disease are respiratory failure and autonomic cardiovascular disturbances. A careful history, physical examination, and routine laboratory tests are necessary to make a clinical diagnosis and to exclude other disorders that cause acute weakness. Results of laboratory studies that aid in the diagnosis, CSF protein and electrodiagnostic studies, are usually normal during the first week of the illness. The prognosis for children with Guillian-Barré syndrome is excellent for full recovery using modern intensive care therapy for respiratory support and management of other complications.

Insulin therapy protects the central and peripheral nervous system of intensive care patients

Neurology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1348-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Van den Berghe ◽  
K. Schoonheydt ◽  
P. Becx ◽  
F. Bruyninckx ◽  
P. J. Wouters
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Intensive Care Patients

scholarly journals Paraneoplastic Peripheral Nervous System Manifestations of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Yang ◽  
Joanna Jaros ◽  
Danny Bega
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Paraneoplastic Syndrome ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Significant Clinical Improvement ◽  
Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorders

Neurologic symptoms secondary to a paraneoplastic syndrome may be the presenting manifestation of a previously undiagnosed cancer, and alertness to these syndromes may provide an opportunity for early detection and treatment of a cancer. Paraneoplastic weakness is a rare manifestation of renal cell carcinoma and may present with variable electrophysiological features. We present a case of a patient with progressive weakness, sensory changes, and urinary retention, with electrophysiological features suggestive of a complex peripheral nervous system syndrome. Ultimately, a renal cell mass was detected and resected, resulting in significant clinical improvement. We review the literature, cataloging the known neurologic syndromes and antibodies associated with renal cell carcinoma. This case highlights that paraneoplastic neurological disorders associated with RCC can take on many features and provides a resource to practitioners for early detection of a neurologic paraneoplastic syndrome arising from renal cell carcinoma.

scholarly journals Acute and chronic dysimmune polyneuropathies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: pathogenesis, features of the clinical picture, diagnosis and therapy (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
A. E. Khrulev ◽  
N. A. Shiyanova ◽  
S. N. Sorokoumova ◽  
D. S. Kasatkin ◽  
V.  N. Grigoryeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Specific Therapy ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Current Information ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development

Dysimmune polyneuropathies are the etiologically heterogeneous group of diseases with autoimmune damage to the peripheral nervous system. The rarity of these diseases doesn’t exclude the possibility of their development or exacerbation in patients infected with SARS‑CoV‑2, which will require timely differential diagnosis and urgent specific therapy. The article summarizes current information on the mechanisms of development, clinical features, diagnosis and management of acute and chronic dysimmune polyneuropathies in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic.

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