WHOLE-CANOPY AND SINGLE-LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE RESPONSES TO PARTIAL ROOTZONE DRYING IN POTTED ´CABERNET SAUVIGNON´ GRAPEVINES

2005 ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Poni ◽  
F. Bernizzoni ◽  
M. Reinotti
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Partial Rootzone Drying

Partial rootzone drying improves almond tree leaf-level water use efficiency and afternoon water status compared with regulated deficit irrigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio Egea ◽  
Ian C. Dodd ◽  
María M. González-Real ◽  
Rafael Domingo ◽  
Alain Baille
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Partial Rootzone Drying

To determine whether partial rootzone drying (PRD) optimised leaf gas exchange and soil–plant water relations in almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) compared with regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), a 2 year trial was conducted on field-grown trees in a semiarid climate. Five irrigation treatments were established: full irrigation (FI) where the trees were irrigated at 100% of the standard crop evapotranspiration (ETc); three PRD treatments (PRD70, PRD50 and PRD30) that applied 70, 50 and 30% ETc, respectively; and a commercially practiced RDI treatment that applied 50% ETc during the kernel-filling stage and 100% ETc during the remainder of the growth season. Measurements of volumetric soil moisture content in the soil profile (0–100 cm), predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd), midday stem water potential (Ψms), midday leaf gas exchange and trunk diameter fluctuations (TDF) were made during two growing seasons. The diurnal patterns of leaf gas exchange and stem water potential (Ψs) were appraised during the kernel-filling stage in all irrigation regimes. When tree water relations were assessed at solar noon, PRD did not show differences in either leaf gas exchange or tree water status compared with RDI. At similar average soil moisture status (adjudged by similar Ψpd), PRD50 trees had higher water status than RDI trees in the afternoon, as confirmed by Ψs and TDF. Although irrigation placement showed no effects on diurnal stomatal regulation, diurnal leaf net photosynthesis (Al) was substantially less limited in PRD50 than in RDI trees, indicating that PRD improved leaf-level water use efficiency.

scholarly journals ABA, Hydraulics, and Gas Exchange of Split-rooted Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1097C-1097
Author(s):  
Todd C. Einhorn ◽  
Horst W. Caspari ◽  
Steve Green
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Heat Pulse ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Pulse Technique ◽  
Predawn Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Single Leaf

Approach-grafted 1-year-old `Gala'/M7 apple trees were grown with both tops for the remainder of the 2003 season in a greenhouse. Trees were supplied with >100% (control, PRD100) or 50% (PRD50, DI50) of daily ETc either applied to one root compartment only (PRD100, PRD50) or divided evenly across both root compartments (control and DI50). ETc was estimated from gravimetric measurements, and irrigation was switched between wet and dry root compartments several times throughout the experiment. Soil moisture was measured both gravimetrically (tripod) and volumetrically (time-domain reflectometry). Predawn leaf water potential (υpd) and single leaf gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration) were recorded daily, and sap flow in stems and roots was monitored continuously using the heat-pulse technique. Leaves were collected for abscisic acid (ABA) determination following gas exchange measurements. Regardless of irrigation placement (i.e., PRD or DI), both 50% ETc treatments experienced similar declines in υpd and single leaf gas exchange relative to control levels. In addition, ABA concentrations were similar for PRD50 and DI50, and were significantly higher than the control and PRD100 treatments. PRD100 trees had similar υpd as control trees; however, gas exchange was reduced >25% compared to the control. Bulk leaf ABA concentration did not differ significantly from control levels and does not by itself explain the down regulation of stomata with PRD100.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Yield and Berry Chemical Composition of in Field Grown “Cabernet Sauvignon” Grapevines (V. vinifera L.)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 615
Author(s):  
Marko Karoglan ◽  
Tomislav Radić ◽  
Marina Anić ◽  
Željko Andabaka ◽  
Domagoj Stupić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Total Anthocyanins

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the application of mycorrhizal fungal inoculum on “Cabernet Sauvignon” (Vitis vinifera L.) leaf gas exchange, yield parameters, as well as grape berry composition, especially regarding phenolic compounds. The experiment was conducted over two years under natural vineyard conditions of the Zagreb wine-growing area, the continental region of Croatia. “Cabernet Sauvignon” grapevines were grafted on SO4 rootstock, both being commonly used in all wine production areas in Croatia. Results obtained demonstrated that symbiotic grapevines, in general, expressed improved leaf gas exchange parameters and higher yield parameters, especially regarding the number of clusters per vine. It should be emphasized that mycorrhizal fungi affected higher total flavan-3-ols, total anthocyanins, and total polyphenols in berry skin in both experimental years. Despite variation in some yield parameters, generally, it is possible to obtain higher yields together with the improved phenolic composition of grapes.

scholarly journals Seasonal fluctuations in growth/decline and single-leaf gas exchange of C3 turfgrass fields under various light conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi MATSUBARA ◽  
Yoshiko KOSUGI ◽  
Satoru TAKANASHI ◽  
Yoko MIZOTA ◽  
Masayuki ITOH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Growth Decline

Differences in hydraulic traits of grapevine rootstocks are not conferred to a common Vitis vinifera scion

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe H. Barrios-Masias ◽  
Thorsten Knipfer ◽  
M. Andrew Walker ◽  
Andrew J. McElrone
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Root Pressure ◽  
Xylem Embolism ◽  
Vitis Riparia ◽  
Microct Imaging

Cultivars of grapevine are commonly grafted onto rootstocks to improve resistance against biotic and abiotic stress, however, it is not clear whether known differences in hydraulic traits are conferred from rootstocks to a common scion. We recently found that Vitis riparia and Vitis champinii differed in drought-induced embolism susceptibility and repair, which was related to differences in root pressure generation after rewatering (Knipfer et al. 2015). In the present study, we tested whether these and other physiological responses to drought are conferred to a common V. vinifera scion (Cabernet Sauvignon) grafted on V. riparia and V. champinii rootstocks. We measured xylem embolism formation/repair using in vivo microCT imaging, which was accompanied with analysis of leaf gas exchange, osmotic adjustment and root pressure. Our data indicate that differences in scion physiological behaviour for both rootstock combinations were negligible, suggesting that the sensitivity of Cabernet Sauvignon scion to xylem embolism formation/repair, leaf gas exchange and osmotic adjustment is unaffected by either V. riparia or V. champinii rootstock in response to drought stress.

Gas Exchange Characteristics of Apple at Various Light Intensities under Two Levels of European Red Mite Damage

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 601b-601
Author(s):  
Krista L. Kugler-Quinn ◽  
Curt R. Rom ◽  
Donn T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Mite Population ◽  
Mite Infestation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Gas Exchange Characteristics

Single leaf gas exchange measurements were taken at a range of light intensities from 20 to 1500 μmol·m-2·s-1 PAR under greenhouse conditions on `Washington Spur'/EMLA seven potted apple trees subjected to either 1500 cumulative mite days (CMD) European Red mite (ERM) damage or no mite damage. 1500 CMD ERM damage significantly reduced assimilation (A) over all light intensities for leaves present during mite damage at 6 days after the mite population had reached the 1500 CMD level and the mites were killed. Mite damage did not significantly affect A of either leaves present during mite damage or leaves produced after the mites were killed on any other sampling date. However, a trend of reduced A of leaves present during mite infestation on the mite-damaged trees was apparent on all sampling dates after the mites were killed. Evapotranspiration (E) was not affected by mite damage. The mite damage by light intensity interaction did not have a significant effect on A or E on any sampling date.

scholarly journals Effects of Defoliation at Fruit Set on Vine Physiology and Berry Composition in Cabernet Sauvignon Grapevines

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1183
Author(s):  
Eleonora Cataldo ◽  
Linda Salvi ◽  
Francesca Paoli ◽  
Maddalena Fucile ◽  
Giovan Battista Mattii
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Berry Composition

Grapevine canopy defoliation is a fundamentally important technique for the productivity and quality of grapes. Leaf removal is a pivotal operation on high-density vines which aims to improve air circulation, light exposure, and leaf gas exchange. The effects of leaf removal (LR) on vine physiology and berry composition in Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines were studied during the 2018–2019 growing season in the Bolgheri area, Tuscany, Italy. The basal leaves were removed at fruit set at two severity levels (removal of four basal leaves of each shoot (LR4) and removal of eight basal leaves (LR8)). The two treatments were compared with the not defoliated control (CTRL). The following physiological parameters of vines were measured: leaf gas exchange, leaf water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence and indirect chlorophyll content. The results showed that defoliation increased single leaf photosynthesis. In addition, qualitative grape parameters (phenolic and technological analyses) and daytime and night-time berry temperature were studied. The results showed that leaf removal had an impact on total soluble solids (°Brix), titratable acidity, and pH. The LR8-treated grapes had higher titratable acidity, while those in the LR4 treatment had higher °Brix and extractable anthocyanin and polyphenol content. Berry weight was not significantly influenced by the timing and severity of basal defoliation. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the effects of defoliation at the fruit set on vines performance.

The Effects of Drought on Leaf Gas Exchange and Growth of Three Species of Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 540a-540
Author(s):  
K.J. Prevete ◽  
R.T. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Analysis System

Three species of herbaceous perennials were tested on their ability to withstand and recover from drought stress periods of 2, 4, and 6 days. Eupatorium rugosum and Boltonia asteroides `Snowbank' were chosen because of their reported drought intolerance, while Rudbeckia triloba was chosen based on its reported drought tolerance. Drought stress began on 19 Sept. 1997. Plants were transplanted into the field the day following the end of each stress period. The effects of drought on transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthetic rate were measured during the stress and throughout recovery using an infrared gas analysis system. Leaf gas exchange measurements were taken through recovery until there were no differences between the stressed plants and the control plants. Transpiration, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis of Rudbeckia and Boltonia were not affected until 4 days after the start of stress. Transpiration of Eupatorium decreased after 3 days of stress. After rewatering, leaf gas exchange of Boltonia and Rudbeckia returned to non-stressed levels quicker than Eupatorium. Growth measurements were taken every other day during stress, and then weekly following transplanting. Measurements were taken until a killing frost that occurred on 3 Nov. There were no differences in the growth between the stressed and non-stressed plants in any of the species. Plants will be monitored throughout the winter, spring, and summer to determine the effects of drought on overwintering capability and regrowth.

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