scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF BREEDING ON FRUIT PRODUCTION IN WARM CLIMATES OF BRAZIL

2010 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
C.V. Pommer ◽  
W. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Warm Climates

scholarly journals The impact of breeding on fruit production in warm climates of Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 612-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso Valdevino Pommer ◽  
Wilson Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Large Country ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Brazilian Savannah ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Peach Breeding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Warm Climates

Brazil is a very large country with a diverse climate. This fact allows a diversity of plants to grow ranging from tropical rainforest in the Amazon, passing through Atlantic Forest along the coast, the cerrados (Brazilian savannah) in the Central West region, and semi-arid area in the Northeast. Latitude ranges from 5º N to 33º S, with most of this territory in the tropical region. There are enough reasons to plant breeders devoting great amount of their effort to improve plants suitable for warm climates, though. Among fruit crops, results of breeder's work have been noticed in several species, especially on peaches, grapes, citrus, apples, persimmons, figs, pears and others not so common, such as acerola, guava, annonas (sour sop, sugar apple, atemoya, cherimoya) and passion fruit. Peach tree introduced at low latitude (22 ± 2ºS) requires climatic adaptation to subtropical conditions of low chilling. In Brazil, the first peach breeding program aiming adaptation of cultivars to different habitats was developed by Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC) beginning in the end of the 40's. Apple low chill requirement cultivars obtained in a South state, Paraná, are now been planted at low latitudes. Banana and pineapple breeding programs from Embrapa units along the country are successfully facing new sanitary problems. Petrolina/Juazeiro, in the Northeastern region (9ºS), is the main grape exporting region with more than 6,000 ha. Grape growing in the region is based in the so called "tropical" rootstocks released by IAC, namely: IAC 313 'Tropical', IAC 572 'Jales'. Recently, Embrapa Grape and Wine released tropical grape seedless cultivars that are changing table grape scenario in the country.

scholarly journals Strawberries at the Crossroads: Management of Soilborne Diseases in California Without Methyl Bromide

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 956-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald J. Holmes ◽  
Seyed Mojtaba Mansouripour ◽  
Shashika S. Hewavitharana
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Soilborne Diseases ◽  
Strawberry Industry ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
Strawberry Breeding ◽  
The Impact

Strawberry production has historically been affected by soilborne diseases such as Verticillium wilt. This disease was a major limiting factor in strawberry production in California in the 1950s and was the main reason that preplant soil fumigation with methyl bromide (MB) was developed in the late 1950s. MB fumigation was so successful that over 90% of the commercial strawberry fruit production in California utilized this technique. However, MB was subsequently linked to ozone depletion, and its use was phased out in 2005. The California strawberry industry was awarded exemption to the full phase-out until 2016, when all MB use in strawberry fruit production was prohibited. MB use continues in strawberry nurseries under an exemption to prevent spread of nematodes and diseases on planting stock. This review examines the impact of the MB phase-out on the California strawberry industry and evaluates the outlook for the industry in the absence of one of the most effective tools for managing soilborne diseases. New soilborne diseases have emerged, and historically important soilborne diseases have reemerged. Registration of new fumigants has been difficult and replacement of MB with a new and effective alternative is unlikely in the foreseeable future. Thus, crop losses due to soilborne diseases are likely to increase. Host plant resistance to soilborne diseases has become a top priority for strawberry breeding programs, and cultivars are increasingly selected for their resistance to soilborne diseases. The intelligent integration of a variety of management tactics is necessary to sustain strawberry production in California.

scholarly journals Impact of Homestead Agro-Forestry on Sustaining Livelihoods of Rural Poor in Mymensingh District of Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Jahan ◽  
MHA Rashid ◽  
T Jinan ◽  
S Islam
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Agro Forestry

This study determines the impact of homestead agro-forestry on livelihood of rural households in Mymensingh district. In total 100 homestead agro-forestry practicing farmers from three upazilas namely Mymensingh Sadar, Bhaluka and Muktagachha of Mymensingh district were randomly selected for this study following a purposive sampling technique. Analysis was done considering the pre (before) and post (after) homestead agro-forestry practicing condition of farmers. The major findings of the study showed that per hectare net returns for vegetables and fruits cultivation were Tk. 6,703.62 and Tk. 14,532.61 respectively considering all farms. On an average, the contribution of vegetables and fruits in total homestead income was 20.23 per cent in before and 22.46 per cent in the after homestead agro-forestry practicing situation indicating enough potentiality to generate income from homestead agro-forestry. It was found that vegetables cultivation was much better for small farmers compared to medium and large farmers. For fruits and vegetables enterprises, the performance of large farmers was better than small and medium farmers. Large farmers were more efficient than medium and small category in case of fruit production. Most of the variables included in the Cobb-Douglas production function model had significant impact on homestead agro-forestry. The study revealed that homestead agro-forestry had positive impact on improving the status of rural households and women empowerment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.17367 Progress. Agric. 19(1): 169 - 178, 2008 

scholarly journals Cool Roofs in the US: The Impact of Roof Reflectivity, Insulation and Attachment Method on Annual Energy Cost

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7656
Author(s):  
Athanasios Tzempelikos ◽  
Seungjae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cool Roofs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Warm Climates

While it is well-known that cool roofs can efficiently reduce cooling demand in buildings, their overall energy performance in mixed and cold climates has been a topic of debate. This paper presents a comprehensive simulation study to evaluate the combined impact of roof reflectivity, insulation level, and construction type (adhered vs attached) on annual energy demand and energy costs in the United States, for different buildings and climate zones. EnergyPlus was used to model three building types (retail, office, and school buildings) for the 16 most climate-representative locations in the US using typical reflectivity and insulation values. The results show that (i) roof reflectivity is equally important to roof insulation in warm climates; (ii) for low-rise offices and schools, the benefits of reflective roofs vs dark-colored roofs are clear for all US climatic zones, with higher savings in warm climates; (iii) for big-box-retail buildings, reflective roofs perform better except for cold climate zones 7–8; (iv) dark-colored, mechanically attached roofs achieve slightly better performance than reflective roofs in mixed and cold climates. Decision makers should consider building type, climatic conditions, roof insulation levels, and durability performance, along with roof reflectivity, when assessing the overall potential benefits of cool roofs.

scholarly journals Impact of phylloplane management on microbial populations

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.W. Waipara ◽  
F.O. Obanor ◽  
M. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Organic Orchards

The impact of apple orchard management on leaf microbial populations was investigated during the 2001/2002 growing season Apple leaves were collected in spring and autumn from two certified organic (BioGro) and IFP (Integrated Fruit Production) managed apple orchards at each of three New Zealand sites (Hawkes Bay Nelson and Canterbury) Phylloplane epiphytes were recovered by leaf washing using a stomacher blender and the microorganisms enumerated using serial plate dilutions The microorganisms were separated into recognisable taxonomic units (RTUs) based on colony morphology Analysis of both spring and autumn samples showed that leaves from all three sites from organic orchards harboured significantly more colony forming units than were found on leaves from IFP orchards Overall population richness (based on RTUs/ leaf sample) was also significantly higher in organic than IFP orchards

scholarly journals Risks to pest management in New Zealands pipfruit Integrated Fruit Production programme

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.L. Lo ◽  
J.T.S. Walker ◽  
D.J. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Predatory Bugs ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selective Pesticides

Pest management in New Zealands pipfruit Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) programme relies on selective pesticides biological control and pheromone mating disruption The current situation is potentially precarious and one concern the impact of less selective pesticides was tested Apple trees received synthetic pyrethroid (deltamethrin) sprays during the first half of two growing seasons Beneficial and pest species were monitored monthly from November to April Treated trees had fewer predatory bugs (91 100 reduction) lacewings (64100) earwigs (80100) predatory mites (67100) spiders (2064) and Hymenoptera (1649) than untreated trees Ladybird numbers varied depending on the assessment method Outbreaks of phytophagous mites and woolly scale and Froggatts apple leafhopper on untreated trees Factors that make pest management under IFP vulnerable in the future include a loss of biological control and the consequences of new pests establishing

scholarly journals An Economic Assessment of the Impact of Huanglongbing on Citrus Tree Plantings in Florida

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1052-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Spreen ◽  
Jean-Paul Baldwin ◽  
Stephen H. Futch
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Citrus Tree ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
The Impact

Huanglongbing (HLB) was first discovered in Florida in 2005. It can now be found in all counties in the state where commercial citrus production takes place. HLB is a bacterial disease that is transmitted by the Asiatic citrus psyllid. HLB negatively affects citrus producers in several ways, including reduced yield, increased grove maintenance costs, and increased tree mortality. The research presented in this article suggests that another consequence of HLB is its adverse effect on the willingness of producers to invest in new plantings. Reduced plantings imply reduced fruit production in the future.

scholarly journals The Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Emasculation Treatments on Seed and Fruit Production in the Prickly Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) cv. “Gialla”

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Marini ◽  
Chiara Grassi ◽  
Pietro Fino ◽  
Alessandro Calamai ◽  
Alberto Masoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Prickly Pear ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Seedless Fruits ◽  
The Impact

Prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. 1768) is cultivated in several dry and semi-dry areas of the world to produce fresh fruit, bioenergy, cosmetics, medicine, and forage. One of the main production constraints is the presence of many seeds within the fruit, which can negatively influence both the fresh-fruit market price and industrial transformation processes. In this study, different gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations were tested for their ability to produce well-formed and seedless fruits. Different application methods (injection and spraying) and concentrations of GA3 (0, 100, 200, 250, and 500 ppm) combined with floral-bud emasculation were applied to a commercial plantation in southern Italy to evaluate their effects on the weight, length, and diameter of the fruits, total seed number, hard-coated viable seed number, and seed weight per fruit. The results indicated that the application of 500 ppm GA3 sprayed on emasculated floral buds was the most effective method for reducing seed numbers of prickly pear fruits (−46.0%). The injection method resulted in a very low number of seeds (−50.7%) but produced unmarketable fruit. Observed trends suggest the need to investigate the impact of higher GA3 concentrations and the applicability of a maximum threshold. Further studies are needed to increase our understanding of the physiological effects of the gibberellic acid pathway through productive tissue in terms of organoleptic and fruit quality.

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