Fungicide resistance inBotrytis cinerea: a challenge for conventional small fruit production

2016 ◽  
pp. 503-506
Author(s):  
M.J. Hu ◽  
G. Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Small Fruit

scholarly journals Octabor (boron) as a Low Toxicity Control Tactic for the Spotted Wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Troy Cloutier ◽  
Francis Andrew Drummond ◽  
Judith Collins
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Sugar Addition ◽  
Wild Blueberry

The recently introduced spotted wing drosophila is one of the most serious pests in small fruit production in the United States and Europe. Most control relies upon multiple applications of synthetic insecticides. In an effort to find less-toxic insecticides to consumers, farm workers, and wildlife, we conducted two laboratory trials and a semi-field trial in order to assess the potential for disodium octaborate tetrahydrateformulated and sold as Octabor®(U.S. Borax, Inc.) as a control for spotted wing drosophila in wild blueberry. We found that Octabor at 0.6 and 1.0% (w/v) applied to wild blueberry fruit resulted in higher mortality of flies than non-treated control fruit. Addition of sugar to Octabor enhanced mortality in one of the two trials, with an interaction between sugar addition and Octabor rate suggesting that the addition of sugar provided the greatest enhancement at the low rate. Our semi-field study showed that an apparent repellency effect of Octabor provided protection of fruit from infestation for up to 3 days. Also in the semi-field study, we observed a delayed effect on fly mortality. Increased fly mortality occurred over time, relative to the non-treated control fruit. The greatest fly mortality, relative to the non-treated control, resulted from flies being exposed to fruit treated 3 and 7 days prior to fly exposure, but not immediately after the treatment of Octabor. We speculate on why this type of delay in mortality might have occurred.    

scholarly journals Small Fruit Production in High Tunnels

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Demchak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
High Tunnels ◽  
Berry Crops

High tunnels are a relatively economical form of protected culture, and offer cultural advantages such as protection from the elements and an extended production season. Interest in high tunnels for small fruit production has been increasing in North America. Growers in the United States and Canada are using multi-bay and single-bay high tunnels for production of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus), black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis), blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus), strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa), and blueberry (Vaccinium spp.). Research trials using high tunnels are being conducted in numerous places across the United States. In most instances, high tunnels increased yields of berry crops, improved quality, and decreased the incidence of most diseases compared with field production, powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca macularis) being a notable exception. The insect and mite complex encountered in tunnels when growing berry crops has changed markedly, often becoming similar to that which might have been expected in greenhouses, with numbers of two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), whitefly (Aleyrodidae), and thrips (Frankliniella spp.) reaching high levels without control measures. In studies at The Pennsylvania State University, primocane-bearing cultivars of red raspberry plants produced at least two to three times as much marketable fruit in tunnels as in a previous field study, with substantial summer and fall crops obtained. ‘Triple Crown’ thornless blackberry produced very high marketable yields in the tunnels, even though winter injury historically resulted in a lack of blackberry production in the field. Strawberry production in a plasticulture system using short-day or day-neutral cultivars was found to be viable; however, the primary benefit of high tunnels for strawberry may have been reliability of production rather than a yield increase. Potential reasons for improvements in productivity and quality are numerous and warrant further attention.

Current Status and Prospects of Small Fruit Production in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Ho-Jin Seo ◽  
◽  
Sang-Jin Yang ◽  
Jang Hoon Song ◽  
Kyeong Bok Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Small Fruit

Perlyna as a new strawberry (Fragaria ananassa L.) cultivar for the berries con-sumption as fresh and for freezing

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
V.V. Pavliuk ◽  
◽  
N.S. Kovalchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
State Register ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Strain Testing ◽  
The One ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
State Registration

Strawberry is the most spreaded small fruit crop in many countries. In Ukraine sn 2018 this crop total area was 8.3 thus. ha, among them 7.9 thus. ha fruit-bearing in all the categories of farms. The gross berries output was 62.3 thus. tons, the average yield being 7.7 t/ha. The Dutch bank «Rаdobank» carried out in April of 2016 the researches on the small fruit production in Europe and revealed that strawberry even now is the most popular small fruit crop. The strawberry Ukrainian and foreign cvs and elite forms were studied applying the methods of the primary strain inves-tigation and state strain testing in the small fruit patches planted in2012-2016 under the field conditions of the Northern part of the Ukraine’s Lisosteppe, namely: at the Institute of Horticulture NAAS of Ukraine. The varieties – standards were the Ukrainian Hercules, English Elegance, Dutch Elsanta and Italian Alba. As a result the new middle-ripening Ukraini-an cultivar Perlyna was selected as the best according to its signs. Perlyna was obtained by means of the intervarietal hybridization (cvs Present and Elsanta) sn 2004. The authors are V.V. Pavliuk, K. M. Kopan, V. H. Kopan. The berries ripe 2-3 days later than ’Elsanta’ and 2-3 days earlier than and ’Polka’. The bushes are high and vigour, not branchy, with firm high floriferous shoots and dark-green hardish leaves. Resistance to the leaves diseases is high. The berries are high marketable and large (the mass of average is 15 g, maximum 35 g), prolonged broad-conic, being ripe fully dark-red brilliant. The flesh is dense red aromatic of kind sour-sweet taste, in accordance with the multi-year data it contains 7.5 % of dry substances, 3.5 % of sugars, 0.95-1.0 % of organic acids as well as 0.440 mg of pectine substances and 45 mg of vitamin ’C ’ per 100 g of . Under the sufficient humid content the berries size exceeds that of ’Prysviata ’, ’Zenga Zengana’ and ’Polka ’. The yield is higher (18-20 t/ha) than that of the varieties ’Elsanta ’and ’Present ’ under the one-row planting ( 0.8x0.25 m). The cultivar is winter-hardy and drought- resistant. ’Perlyna’ is entered into the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Dissemination in Ukraine. Certificate 181079 on the State Registration of the Plant Cultivar (December 4, 2018). Patent 190373 on the Plant Cultivar (April 12.2019).

scholarly journals The fertilization problems of cultivated red- and black currant varieties in Hungary

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Porpáczy
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Soft Fruit ◽  
Labour Power ◽  
Red Currant

Small fruits have a modest share in the fruit production of Hungarys. Red currant was grown traditionally in home gardens 60-70 years ago. Commercial production was established only in the surroundings of some town. The black currant was unknown until after Wold War II. An important change occured in small fruit production in the 1950s. Socialist countries, which had cheaper labour power, made efforts to meet these demands. In this time we produced 25.000 t. Presently the country produces 13-15.000 tons currant fruit yearly 60% from this is black currant, which has a better market. It is our own interest to make our currant production more profitable. The currant is the second most widely cultivated soft fruit. Our product is disposed mostly on EU markets. There was no breeding activity in this field in Hungary earlier. Cultivars used were mostly of foreign origin (W. European; Boskoop Giant, Silvergieter, Wellington XXX, Russian; Altaiskaya Desertnaya, Neosupaiuschaiasya, N. European; Brikltorp, Ojebyn). Besides well-known advantageous this cultivars have also some defects mainly unfavourable—adaptation to climatic conditions, which caused fertilisation problems, reduced the fruit set and uneven growth with decreased yields (Dénes & Porpáczy, 1999). About 140 black currant cultivars were investigated during the last four decades in our variety trials and only four of them were introduced with satisfying yielding capacity (3.5-5.5 t/ha).

scholarly journals USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANIPULATIONS IN SMALL FRUIT PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1178e-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin P. Pritts
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Favorable Change ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Soil Moisture Status

Manipulating light, temperature, moisture, and nutrients to favor plant growth and productivity is an important component of horticulture. The technology required to achieve such manipulation ranges from inexpensive, basic practices to elaborate, costly approaches involving the latest engineering advances. For example, pruning and mulching are relatively low-tech methods for improving light interception and soil moisture status in small fruit plantings. At the opposite extreme are glass houses with supplemental lighting, CO2 enrichment, and nutrient film hydroponic systems Of greatest value to small fruit growers, however, is technology that ran be applied in field situations, such as the use of overhead irrigation for maintaining soil moisture status, frost protection, and evaporative cooling. One of the greatest challenges to small fruit growers and rcsearchers is integrating new technology into production systems. The introduction of a new technique for environmental modification usually has indirect effects on other aspects of management, which may require additional technology to compensate for adverse changes while maintaining the favorable change. In addition, unique macro- and microclimates demand and market opportunities, specific solutions, and the result is a dynamic, diverse collage of production systems used by growers throughout the world.

scholarly journals First field records of Pachycrepoideus vindemiae as a parasitoid of Drosophila suzukii in European and Oregon small fruit production areas

Entomologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Rossi Stacconi ◽  
A. Grassi ◽  
D.T. Dalton ◽  
B. Miller ◽  
M. Ouantar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Production Areas

scholarly journals DISTANCE LEARNING—IT'S NOT FOR EVERYONE

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 743e-743
Author(s):  
E. B. Poling
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Interactive Video ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Audience Participation ◽  
Extension Programs ◽  
Video Teleconferencing ◽  
The North ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Network Costs ◽  
Extension Program

One of many forms of Distance Learning is “Interactive Video Teleconferencing” (IVT). I was an early user of interactive video for both course teaching and delivery of extension programs in small fruit production. But after 3 years of trying interactive video for delivery of an extension program, “Preplant Considerations for Strawberry Plasticulture Producers,” agents and growers have indicated a strong desire to discontinue the use of this medium in favor of truly “live” regional meetings for the 1996 season. Growers and many agents may have some anxiety about appearing “on TV,” and this leads to fewer questions and reduced audience participation levels when this extension meeting format is used. There is also the additional problem of finding funds to defray the costs associated with IVT programs. An evening broadcast of 2 hours to six university sites on the MCNC network in July 1994 led to charges of more than $700 to the program sponsor, the North Carolina Strawberry Association. Quality interactive video programs require considerable advance planning and program preparation. In cases where this medium is being used only infrequently by the specialist (one or two meetings each year), the audience is basically uncomfortable with the idea of “being on TV” and network costs are high. The advantages of a more traditional extension meeting format will likely outweigh the benefits of distance education via interactive video.

Identification and Characterization of Fungicide Resistance in Botrytis Populations from Small Fruit Fields in the Mid-Atlantic United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott David Cosseboom ◽  
Mengjun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Small Fruit

From 2014 to 2019, 249 isolates of Botrytis sp. were collected from blackberry, black raspberry, grape, red raspberry, and strawberry showing gray mold symptoms. All isolates were phylogenetically characterized as Botrytis cinerea. A mycelial growth assay determined the following overall frequencies of resistance to fungicides: 92% to pyraclostrobin, 86% to cyprodinil, 71% to thiophanate-methyl, 48% to fenhexamid, 47% to iprodione, 26% to boscalid, 11% to fludioxonil, 8% to penthiopyrad, 7% to benzovindiflupyr, 4% to pydiflumetofen , and 4% to isofetamid. Isolates collected from blackberry, red raspberry, and strawberry had a higher median chemical class resistance value compared to isolates from black raspberry and grape. Resistance conferring mutations were found in a selection of isolates characterized as resistant to thiophanate-methyl, iprodione, pyraclostrobin, fenhexamid, and boscalid including E198A in β-tubulin; I365N/S, Q369P, and N373S in bos1; G143A in cytb; P238S, N369D, and F412I/S in erg27; and P225F and H272R/Y in sdhB, respectively. Also, multiple drug resistance phenotypes MDR1 and MDR1h were identified by analyzing fludioxonil sensitivity and mrr1 sequences. MDR1 and MDR1h isolates had multiple amino acid variations and two insertions in mrr1 that resembled the group S genotype . A detached grape assay confirmed that the aforementioned mutations in isolates from different small fruit crops resulted in field-relevant resistance. An additional in-vitro assay found that EC50 values of B. cinerea isolates to pydiflumetofen and inpyrfluxam averaged 0.4 and 1.0, 0.8 and 0.7, 149.8 and 23.2, 0.9 and 0.9, and 38.8 and 48.8 µg/ml for the wild-type, H272R, H272Y, N230I, and P225F genotypes, respectively. These results revealed widespread fungicide resistance in B. cinerea from Mid-Atlantic small fruit fields, highlighting the need for resistance management alternatives.

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