Initiating the Global health at the time of the Crimean War (1853-1856), and the projects of sanitary reform of the Ottoman Empire

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Moulin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Sanitary Reform

scholarly journals The Struggle for World Dominationand the Great Eastern Crisis of 1875-1878

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Ivan Parvev
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
German Empire ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Political Compromise ◽  
The Creation

The proposed analysis evaluates Russian and British policies during the Great Eastern Crisis (1875-78), with bilateral relations being placed in the context of the global hostility between England and Russia lasting from 1815 onwards. In the period between the end of the Crimean War (1853-56) and early 1870s there were serious changes in the balance of power in Europe, which was related to the creation of the German Empire in 1871. The possibility of Russian-German geopolitical union however was a bad global scenario for the United Kingdom. Because of this, English policy during the Great Eastern Crisis was not that strongly opposed to the Russia one, and did not support the Ottoman Empire at all costs. This made it possible to establish political compromise between London and St. Petersburg, which eventually became the basis of the Congress of Berlin in 1878.

Humanitarian Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Geneva Convention ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Brussels Convention ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
The Law ◽  
First Time

This chapter explores European influence on Ottoman captivity in the 1850s–1870s, through the humanitarian movement, including the Red Cross, and the codified law it spawned: the Geneva Convention and the Brussels Convention. Humanitarianism, during the Crimean War, led the Porte to end the wartime enslavement of civilians. But otherwise, it came to the Ottoman Empire during and after the Crimean War, as it did elsewhere, and helped Ottoman captives on the same terms as others. The Porte signed multilateral treaties at the same time as other states, and Ottoman captivity practices structurally resembled, though did not fulfil, the new rules. More importantly, during the 1877–78 Russo–Ottoman War, the Ottoman Empire came to use the language of European customary law—the Law of Nations—to defend its practices and assert its place. This was the first time the Porte did so with respect to captivity.

Reconstruction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Kozelsky
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
War Zone ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First World

At the end of the war, government officials made an effort to calculate losses along the war zone. Even before all the information had been gathered, they concluded that the Crimean War was much more devastating than any previous conflict, including Napoleon’s invasion of 1812. The largest state aid program undertaken in the Russian empire followed, which nevertheless fell short of regional need. Unable to eke out survival in a hostile and exhausted land, nearly 200,000 Crimean Tatars left their homelands for the Ottoman Empire in one of the single largest mass migrations prior to the First World War. This chapter describes the effects of the war on the area and the steps taken to alleviate the suffering of the Crimean population in the postwar period.

The Nation in the Balkan Village: National Politicization in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Thrace

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-193
Author(s):  
Andreas Kosmas Lyberatos
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Local Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Ottoman Balkans ◽  
Late Ottoman

The paper tackles the issue of national politicization in late Ottoman Thrace through the case study of Stenimahos (İstanimaka, Stanimaka), a large mountainous village in Northern Thrace, whose Greek-speaking inhabitants initiated during the 1860s a long tradition of anti-Ottoman nationalist militancy and a close relation to independent Greece. The rapid national politicization and radicalization of the Stenimahiote Greeks was triggered by a severe reproduction crisis of the local economy in the context of mounting incorporation of the Ottoman empire into the world economy. Ensuing conflicts in local society were successively articulated into the unstable ‘post-Crimean war’ regional, imperial and international contexts. Last but not least, the analysis of the ‘amphibious’ emigration movement of the Stenimahiotes to Greece which followed the crisis reveals the agency of the non-elite subjects and challenges idealist and ‘top-bottom’ approaches to the process to nation formation in the late Ottoman Balkans.

scholarly journals LAYARD ENTERPRISE: VICTORIAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND INFORMAL IMPERIALISM IN MESOPOTAMIA

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 646a-646a
Author(s):  
Shawn Malley
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Commercial Markets ◽  
Western Imperialism ◽  
Foreign Office ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Informal Imperialism

Through an analysis of Foreign Office (FO) memoranda dealing with the “recovery” of Assyrian artifacts, I argue that archaeology served important diplomatic and propagandistic functions in the eastern Ottoman Empire in the years leading up to the Crimean War. Dovetailing excavation with imperial issues of defending national honor, securing commercial markets, deploying troops, and even spying, these documents represent an underground genealogy for Austen Henry Layard, the key British agent in the FO's secret plot to transport archaeological trophies to London. This evidence implicitly challenges the romantic narrative of discovery and the paternalistic ideology of Western stewardship so firmly embedded in narrative histories of British Assyriology. Comparing the Victorian experience with a contemporary instance of archaeological propaganda—the playing cards issued by the U.S. Department of Defense to troops stationed in Iraq as part of a 2007 training program in archaeological stewardship—this essay contends that archaeology continues to rationalize Western imperialism in Mesopotamia.

The Revolution Will Not Be Telegraphed

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-58
Author(s):  
Peter McMurray
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Communications Technology ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Anglo American

McMurray’s chapter argues that law is a profoundly sonic medium, acting in, through, against, and modeled on sound—and more particularly, voice. Legal and cultural reforms in Islamicate societies in the Black Sea region during and around the time of the Crimean War illustrate these dynamics especially well. The first part of the chapter compares the legal reforms of the Caucasian Imamate (in North Daghestan and Chechnya) and the Ottoman Empire, showing how sound played a central role in negotiating new meanings of Islamic shari‘a law within those societies. Law thus becomes a critical archive for histories of sound, vocality, and listening. The latter part then reflects on the ontologies of law as a medium, considering both its sonic qualities—a recurring motif in both Anglo-American and Islamic jurisprudence—and its relation to the telegraph in particular, as a communications technology that simultaneously facilitated and challenged extant legal regimes.

The Origins of Modern Banking in the Levant: The Branch Network of the Imperial Ottoman Bank, 1890–1914

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Clay
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Government

Historically, the development of modern banking has been an important component of economic change, but it has not always been so clear whether it has been a factor in the genesis of growth or a response to and a consequence of it. In the case of the Ottoman Empire, corporate banks—wholly or partly financed with Western capital—had established themselves in strength in Istanbul after the Crimean War, especially in the decade 1863–72 when no less than eight opened there. All, however, concentrated to varying degrees on meeting the financial needs of the government at a time when the Porte was borrowing almost continuously, both short-term and long-term, a fact that explains the eclipse of several of them around the time of the bankruptcy of 1875.

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