scholarly journals MICROMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE NARROW ENDEMIC SILENE SYTNIKII (CARYOPHYLLACEAE) COMPARED WITH CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
V. Martynyuk ◽  
N. Karpenko ◽  
O. Tsarenko
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Narrow Endemic ◽  
Local Endemic ◽  
Pollen Diameter ◽  
Scanning Electron

Silene sytnikii Krytzka, Novosad et Protopopova is a local endemic species of the Ukrainian flora, which sometimes is considered as a synonym to the S. frivaldszkyana Hampe from the Balkans and is related to the widespread species S. chlorantha (Willd.) Ehrh. The aim of the present study is to investigate micromorphological features of seeds, pollen grains and leaf surface ultrastructure of foregoing species and make a comparison. Both light and scanning electron microscopy were used in the study. S. sytnikii and S. frivaldszkyana are slightly different in the size of exotesta cells and their anticlinal teeth in distal row of seeds, pollen diameter and microechinate number on the pore, size of leaf spinule, epidermal cells and stomata. S. chlorantha significantly differs from them by smaller seeds and exotesta cells, and also longer leaf spinules. Thus, S. sytnikii and S. frivaldszkyana are quite similar in their micromorphology, while S. chlorantha is clearly distinct from them.

scholarly journals Palynomorphological study of Dianthus petraeus waldst. et kit. (Caryophyllaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 973-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Macukanovic-Jocic ◽  
Snezana Jaric ◽  
Mica Mladenovic
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pollen Diameter ◽  
Scanning Electron

The pollen morphology of Dianthus petraeus (Caryophyllaceae), which is endemic to the Balkans, has been examined by both light and scanning electron microscopy in order to provide taxonomically valuable characters that might be used in the classification of the Caryophyllaceae, as well as to contribute to the pollen atlas of Serbian apiflora. The pollen grains of D. petraeus are radially symmetrical, apolar, spheroidal and medium-sized. The mean of the pollen diameter is 45.5?1.4 ?m. The sculpturing pattern of exine is microechinate-microperforate, and the tectum is covered with minute echini averaging 0.8?0.1 ?m in length, more or less evenly distributed between the perforations. The microechini average number per sample area of 5 ?m x 5 ?m is 3.2?0.6. In view of the number, position and type of the apertures, the grains are polypantoporate, with about 13 operculate pores, averaging 6.4?0.7 ?m in diameter. Each operculum is covered with 4-6 conical spinules, which are longer than those on the exine surface. The mean interporal distance is 13.3?1.3 ?m. The obtained palynological results provide information that contribute towards a better understanding of the taxonomic status of D. petraeus.

scholarly journals ДЕЯКІ МІКРОМОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ATOCION LITHUANICUM (ZAPAŁ.) TZVEL. ТА A. ARMERIA (L.) RAF. ФЛОРИ УКРАЇНИ

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Martynyuk ◽  
N. I. Karpenko ◽  
O. M. Tsarenko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Anticlinal Wall ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Exine Ornamentation ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Electron

<p><em>Atocion lithuanicum</em> (Zapał.) Tzvel. (basionym <em>Silene</em><em> </em><em>lithuanica</em> Zapał.) is an endemic species of the Polesie, related and morphologically similar to <em>A. armeria </em>(L.) Raf.<em>, </em>which naturally occurs in Central and Southern Europe, but is widely cultivated. In Ukraine <em>A. lithuanicum</em> is considered as separate species and included in different issues of nature conservation, but in Europe it is listed as synonym or variety of <em>A. armeria</em>. Thus, the purpose of our investigation was to examine micromorphological features of these taxa to distinguish them. Pollen grains, seeds and leaf surfaces of both <em>Atocion</em><em> </em><em>lithuanicum</em> and <em>A. armeria</em> (L.) Raf. were investigated by scanning electron microscopy.</p> <p>Palynological distinctions between these taxa are associated with the ultrastructure of pollen grains, such as margin of a pollen (smooth or undulate), diameter of pores (3,04-5,22 (3,96±0,57) or 2,62-4,15 (3,47±0,32) µm), microechinate number on the pore (11-20 (25) or 7-14), exine ornamentation (acute, broadly conical spinule or obtuse spinule) and perforation diameter (0,1 or 0,2-0,3 µm).</p> <p>Seed characteristics such as dimensions (350-570 х 450-630 (468,78±49,2 х 544,84±51,39) in <em>A. lithuanicum</em> or 480-670 х 600-800 (595,67±48,04 х 706,67± 50,26) µm in <em>A. armeria</em>), shape (reniform-circular or reniform-triangular and reniform-circular), dimensions of exotesta cells in distal row (69-160 х 13-28,6 (116,52±21,9 х 20,72±3,99) or 95,6-202,7 х 7,8-40,5 (143,31±27,3 х 28,76±5,05) µm), the number of anticlinal wall teeth (15-24 or 19-29), papilla presence on periclinal wall of lateral and dorsal surfaces (common absent or scarce weakly expressed in <em>A. lithuanicum</em> or usually strongly expressed in <em>A. armeria</em>) also differ these taxa.</p> <p>Epicuticular wax projections are of different size and shape even on the same lamina, so no significant differences in the leaf surface microcharacteristics were observed.</p> <p>Thereby, new micromorphological distinctions associated with the ultrastructure of pollen grains and the seeds were demonstrated, which allows to distinguish these taxa.</p> <p><em>Key words: </em><em>Atocion</em><em> </em><em>lithuanicum</em><em>, </em><em>A. armeria, </em><em>S</em><em>ЕМ, </em><em>pollen, seed, lamina</em></p>

scholarly journals Morphology, anatomy, ecology and palynology of two Centaurea species from Turkey

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sezgin Celik ◽  
Ismet Uysal ◽  
Yusuf Menemen
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Habitat Indicators ◽  
Silt Content ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Local Endemic ◽  
East Anatolia ◽  
Key Words Morphology ◽  
Scanning Electron

Centaurea L. sect. Ptosimopappa, a local endemic group in the Mediterranean and South East Anatolia, is represented by only two species, namely C. ptosimopappa Hayek and C. ptosimopappoides Wagenitz in Turkey. Both these species show a very restricted distribution as serpentine habitat indicators and are recorded as vulnerable. Present study was carried out to enlighten the morphological, anatomical and ecological features of these two species in detail. The structure of achene, indumentum and pollen grains were investigated by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The capitulum, involucre and leaf structure of these two species are rather similar, but their achenes and pollen grains differ from each other. In C. ptosimopappa pollen spinules are densely distributed but in C. ptosimopappoides they are sparsely distributed. The achenes are obovate in C. ptosimopappa and rectangular in C. ptosimopappoides. C. ptosimopappa is a scrub species but C. ptosimopappoides is a subscrub species. A negative relation in terms of the proportion of sand to silt content of the soil and positive relation between the percentage of CaCO3 and pH was observed for C. ptosimopappa (p < 0.05). A negative relation in terms of the proportion of sand to silt content of the soil was observed in C. ptosimopappoides (p < 0.01).   Key words: Morphology, Anatomy, Ecology, Pollen, Centaurea spp. doi:10.3329/bjb.v37i1.1566 Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(1): 67-74, 2008 (June)

Quantitative evaluation of pollen polymorphism in a tristylous weed, Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1086-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun K Mal ◽  
Brian P Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Source Populations ◽  
Pollen Diameter ◽  
Pollen Polymorphism ◽  
Scanning Electron

Tristylous breeding system consists of three different forms of flowers that differ reciprocally in the heights of stigmas and anthers within flowers. Apart from the style and stamen lengths, heterostylous species also demonstrate pollen and stigma polymorphisms. Tristylous Lythrum salicaria L. bears trimorphic, striate, tricolporate pollen with three true colpi and three pseudocolpi. Using a scanning electron microscope, we quantified pollen polymorphism in L. salicaria by measuring the length and diameter of pollen, and the length of colpi and pseudocolpi. Pollen grains from the long stamens are significantly larger than those from the mid stamens, followed by those from the short stamens. Despite significant differences in pollen size among long, mid, and short stamens, pollen morphometric traits demonstrate overlap among morphs. Pollen diameter also differed significantly between source populations. A discriminant function analysis separated long-level pollen from mid- and short-level pollen based on the canonical scores of measurements of pollen structure. The polymorphism of pollen in conjunction with that of the stigma may play a functional role in self-incompatibility mechanisms.Key words: Lythrum salicaria, purple loosestrife, Lythraceae, heterostyly, incompatibility, pollen polymorphism.

Surface Ultrastructure of Human Ectocervix in Certain Pathological Conditions

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
S. Mukherjee ◽  
T. Guha ◽  
B. Chakrabarti ◽  
P. Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Hexagonal Shape ◽  
Columnar Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron

The cervix is an important organ in reproduction. Its malfunction is frequently a factor for infertility. Ectocervix region does not appear to have received much attention although many studies have been reported on the endocervix. We report here our SEM observations on ectocervix in certain pathological conditions compared to normal ectocervix.Ectocervix specimens from human females with specific pathological disorders were processed for Scanning Electron Microscopy by conventional method and they were examined in a Philips SEM.The normal ectocervix is lined by flat layer of squamous epithelial cells with microridges (Fig. 1). These cells are known to be formed from columnar cells through metaplastic transformation. The cells of carcinoma-bearing ectocervix show a disorganised appearance (Fig. 2). In non-malignant tumour surface some cuboidal and few columnar cells were seen (Fig. 3). A cyst appears like an overgrowth on the surface of the squamous epithelium (Fig. 4). In ulcerated ectocervix a marked reduction of epithelial cells are observed (Fig. 5); the cells are devoid of microridges and, the large polygonal cells, as observed in normal tissues, have somehow acquired comparatively small hexagonal shape

CYTOLOGY OF POPLAR SPECIES AND NATURAL HYBRIDS

1938 ◽  
Vol 16c (11) ◽  
pp. 445-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Peto
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Size ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Good Pollen ◽  
Natural Hybrids ◽  
Pollen Diameter ◽  
High Degree

Complete analyses of pollen-mother-cell nuclei at first metaphase, percentage good pollen, pollen diameter and pollen-size distribution were determired for the following poplar species and natural hybrids: Populus grandidentata Michx., P. tremuloides Michx., P. eugenei Simon Louis, P. alba L., P. canescens Sm., natural hybrids of P. alba × P. grandidentata and of P. alba × P. tremuloides.Both of the P. alba and two of the four P. canescens trees examined were triploids (2n = 57) while all other trees examined were diploids (2n = 38). Meiotic observations on the natural hybrids indicated a high degree of homology between the chromosomes of P. alba and the native aspens (P. grandidentata and P. tremuloides), since 17 to 19 bivalents were usually found at first metaphase. In collections from one triploid P. canescens and two diploid alba-grandidentata hybrid trees, failure of a high proportion of the chromosomes to pair was attributed to genetic factors limiting pairing, rather than to non-homology.Pollen characters such as percentage good pollen, pollen diameter, and pollen size distribution were, in most cases, not indicative of the chromosome number or pairing relations at first metaphase. Consequently, triploids could not be detected by pollen observations under the conditions of this experiment. In spite of the lack of correlation between first metaphase and pollen observations, abnormally large pollen grains were observed in collections from several of the trees, and these were considered to contain the diploid or unreduced chromosome complement. The tendency for the poplars to produce unreduced pollen grains probably accounts for the number of triploid trees discovered in Canada and Sweden.

Campanula oreodoxa (Campanulaceae), a new critically endangered species from the Aladagh Mountains, NE Iran

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 521 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
ALI ASGHAR ARJMANDI ◽  
HAMID EJTEHADI ◽  
FARSHID MEMARIANI ◽  
MOHAMMAD REZA JOHARCHI ◽  
MANSOUR MESDAGHI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Habitat Characterization ◽  
Alpine Species ◽  
Micromorphological Characters ◽  
Ne Iran

Campanula oreodoxa (Campanulaceae) is described and illustrated as a new sub-alpine species from North Khorassan province, Iran. The new species belongs to C. sect. Oreocodon based on dehiscence of the capsules with three middle pores at the base and absence of appendages between the calyx lobes. It is compared morphologically with the closely related species including C. hystricula and C. lourica. The micromorphological characters of seed coat and pollen grains of the new species are presented and compared with the chasmophytic allies in the area. Notes on distribution, habitat characterization, and the associated flora are provided. The new species is assessed as critically endangered (CR) and the conservation value of the habitats in the area is discussed.

scholarly journals Species Identification of Pinus Pollen Found in Belukha Glacier, Russian Altai Mountains, Using a Whole-Genome Amplification Method

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Fumio Nakazawa ◽  
Yoshihisa Suyama ◽  
Satoshi Imura ◽  
Hideaki Motoyama
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Whole Genome Amplification ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Genome Amplification ◽  
Amplification Method

Pollen taxa in sediment samples can be identified based on morphology. However, closely related species do not differ substantially in pollen morphology, and accurate identification is generally limited to genera or families. Because many pollen grains in glaciers contain protoplasm, genetic information obtained from pollen grains should enable the identification of plant taxa at the species level. In the present study, species identification of Pinus pollen grains was attempted using whole-genome amplification (WGA). We used pollen grains extracted from surface snow (depth, 1.8–1.9 m) from the Belukha glacier in the summer of 2003. WGA was performed using a single pollen grain. Some regions of the chloroplast genome were amplified by PCR, and the DNA products were sequenced to identify the pollen grain. Pinus includes approximately 111 recognized species in two subgenera, four sections, and 11 subsections. The tree species Pinus sibirica and P. sylvestris are currently found at the periphery of the glacier. We identified the pollen grains from the Belukha glacier to the level of section or subsection to which P. sibirica and P. sylvestris belong. Moreover, we specifically identified two pollen grains as P. sibirica or P. cembra. Fifteen species, including P. sibirica, were candidates for the remaining pollen grain.

scholarly journals Pollen morphology of Iranian Dracocephalum L. (Lamiaceae) and its taxonomic significance

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Naderifar ◽  
Ali Sonboli ◽  
Abbas Gholipour
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Exine Ornamentation ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pollen morphology of 11 Iranian Dracocephalum L. species was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy to evaluate their taxonomic significance for the infrageneric classification of the genus. Pollen grains of all examined taxa were isopolar, hexacolpate, circular in polar view and spheroidal to prolate in equatorial view (P/E = 1.0?2.0). The smallest pollen grains were observed in D. aucheri (P = 29.7 ?m, E = 22.6 ?m), while the largest pollen was found in D. lindbergii (P = 45.1 ?m, E = 33.7 ?m). The highest and lowest apocolpium index (AI) were measured in D. aucheri (AI = 0.27) and D. surmandinum (AI = 0.08), respectively. Colpus membrane was egranulate in all examined species except for D. multicaule and D. ghahremanii. The main exine ornamentation type was characterized as bireticulate including five different subtypes. The results revealed that the exine ornamentation is a diagnostic character useful for the classification of Dracocephalum.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 22(2): 99-110, 2015 (December)

scholarly journals Pollen morphology of the genus Eremanthus Less. (Vernonieae, Asteraceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
BenoÎt Loeuille ◽  
Raquel Maria Batista Souza-Souza ◽  
Vanessa Holanda Righetti Abreu ◽  
Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira Mendonça ◽  
Vania Gonçalves-Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Prolate Spheroidal ◽  
Oblate Spheroidal ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Scanning Electron

In order to evaluate the significance of the pollen morphology for generic and infrageneric taxonomy of the genus Eremanthus (Vernonieae, Asteraceae), and to provide additional data for its phylogenetic reconstruction, the pollen of 20 of the 23 species of the genus was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Acetolysed pollen grains were measured, described, and illustrated using light microscopy, while non-acetolysed pollen grains were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Pollen grains of these species are isopolar, oblate-spheroidal in most of the species, more rarely prolate spheroidal or suboblate, subtriangular amb, tricolporate and subechinolophate. The variation among quantitative characters does not correlate with the macromorphological subdivision of the genus or with the generic or specific limits.

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