scholarly journals Influence of morning and evening melatonin administration on the mucosa and crypts of a small intestine in rats with obesity

Author(s):  
I. Vareniuk ◽  
N. Shevchuk ◽  
N. Roslova ◽  
M. Dzerzhynsky

The aim of this work was to determine structural and functional changes in a small intestine of rats after morning and evening administration of melatonin in obese animals during the spring-autumn photoperiod (12L:12D). The obesity was caused with a high-calorie diet for 6 weeks. After that, morning or evening melatonin administrations were given to normal and obese animals at a dose of 30 mg/kg for 7 weeks. After that, paraffin sections of the small intestine were made, on which a state of the mucosa, enterocytes and goblet cells in crypts was morphometrically and visually examined under a microscope. It has been shown, that obesity causes swelling and an increase of thickness of a mucosa, reduction of crypts, a decrease of activity of enterocytes and goblet cells of the small intestine. Introduction of melatonin to animals without obesity causes an increase in thickness of mucosa and a decrease in area of goblet cells. Additionally, after morning melatonin administration a depth of crypts and a height of enterocytes increases. Morning administration of melatonin to obese animals partially recovers crypts and their goblet cells, but doesn't prevent mucosal edema and worsens a state of enterocytes. The evening administration of melatonin partially normalizes all structural changes, caused by obesity. It was concluded, that melatonin may partially correct morpho-functional changes in the small intestine, caused by obesity in the spring and autumn seasons. The evening administration of melatonin to animals with obesity is more effective, than morning administrations. Also, the evening administration of melatonin causes fewer changes in the small intestine of animals without obesity, compared with morning administration.

Author(s):  
I. Vareniuk ◽  
N. Shevchuk ◽  
N. Roslova ◽  
M. Dzerzhynsky

The effect of morning and evening administrations of melatonin on structural and functional changes in the large intestine of rats with obesity under conditions of the spring-autumn photoperiod (12L:12D) was studied in this work. The obesity was caused with a high-calorie diet for 6 weeks. After that, the morning or evening melatonin administrations were given to normal and obese animals at a dose of 30 mg/kg for 7 weeks. After 13 weeks, two specimens of the colon 1 cm each were taken at a distance of 3 cm from the anus; fixed in 10% formalin and in Carnua solution; paraffin sections of the large intestine were made; stained them with hematoxylin-eosin, alcian blue-carmine, or toluidine blue. Microscopic and morphometric analysis of these sections was performed. It has been shown, that obesity cause hyperactivation of the colonic mucosa, reduction of colonocytes, hypertrophy of goblet cells and overaccumulation of granules in mast cells. Morning administration of melatonin to obese animals normalizes the colonic mucosa, decreases the reduction of colonocytes, but causes the hypotrophy of goblet cells. Evening administration of melatonin significantly decreases the reduction of colonocytes, but does not eliminate other changes caused by obesity. The administration of melatonin (both morning and evening) to animals without obesity causes an activation of the mucosa, hypertrophy of goblet cells, reduction of colonocytes, and does not change the state of mast cells. Consequently, it cannot make a clear conclusion about the possibility of correction of all structural-functional changes in the large intestine during obesity by melatonin. Although, the morning administration of melatonin had some normalizing effects on the colon and it was more effective than evening administration.


Author(s):  
O. Kalmykova ◽  
M. Dzerzhynsky

The aim of our study was to determine morpho-functional state (area of nucleus, brown adipocytes and also area and number of lipid droplets in each cells, general optical density of tissue) of brown adipose tissue in rats with high-calorie (high fat) dietinduced obesity after melatonin administration in different time of the day (morning and evening). Melatonin was administered daily by gavage for 7 weeks in dose 30 mg/kg either 1 h after lights-on (ZT01) or 1 h before lights-off (ZT11) rats with high-calorie diet (HCD). Besides morphometric parameters as well were measured related visceral fat weight and related brown adipose tissue mass. Rats with HCD had huge changes in brown adipocytes morphology, which summarized in become resembles of classical white adipocytes: grown lipid droplets and cells area, but goes down lipid droplets number and optical density of brown adipose tissue. In general brown adipose tissue with above mentioned characteristic from HCD rats lose their ability to conduct strongly thermoproduction function. After melatonin used in rats with HCD arise leveling of pathological changes, which associated with consumption of HCD. Namely, in groups HCD ZT01 and HCD ZT11 we obtain decreased cells and lipid droplets area, increased lipid droplets number and optical density of brown adipose tissue, in relation to group HCD. Therese received changes has evidence about functionally active brown adipose tissue state, which can also dissipate of exceed energy (lipids – triacylglycerols) amount into whole organism during heat production for avoid to its storage in white adipose tissue and in outside adipose tissue. In addition, evening administration of melatonin (group HCD ZT11) demonstrate more activated state of brown adipose tissueand also related visceral weight gain less, than morning(group HCD ZT01). In conclusions, melatonin influence on morpho-functional state brown adipose tissue in rats with HCD, moreover evening administration can use for obesity therapy via its strong action on activate brown adipocytes.


1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Williams ◽  
H. J. Powers ◽  
R. D. E. Rumsey

Female Wistar rats were weaned onto a diet deficient in riboflavin and compared with weight-matched and ad lib.-fed controls. The effects of riboflavin deficiency on villus morphometry and enterocyte number on the villi in the upper small intestine were studied. Riboflavin depletion was associated with increased villus length and a proportional increase in the number of cell positions along the villi. The total DNA, RNA and protein contents in the intestinal mucosa were not significantly different between any of the groups. Villus hypertrophy in the absence of increased cell number in the small intestine suggests that villus number may be reduced in riboflavin deficiency. Riboflavin deficiency did not influence the number of mucus-producing goblet cells or the amount of mucosal glycoprotein in the small intestine. Impaired production of mucus appeared not to be involved in the structural and functional changes seen in riboflavin deficiency.


Author(s):  
O. Kalmukova ◽  
K. Chumak ◽  
O. Voronina ◽  
M. Dzerzhynsky

Overweight and obesity often cause some comorbidity like insulin resistance, diabetes type 2, cancer, cardio-vascular pathology etc. Pancreas is the important organ in carbohydrate metabolism and insulin signaling, that under obesity conditions undergo pathologic changes. For diminish adverse effects of obesity in the role of therapeutic agent is considered melatonin – pineal gland pleiotropic multifunctional molecule. In view of development precision medicine, which include processing personalized data of whole genome sequencing, microbiome, individual day/night regime etc., time selection of drug administration for maximize efficacy and minimize side effects to each patient in according of private organism circadian rhythm is the main goal of chronotherapy approach. The aim of our study was to determine morpho-functional state (morphology characteristic of exocrine and endocrine part; morphometric parameters: areas of pancreatic islets, acini and acinar cell nucleus) of pancreas in rats with high-calorie (high fat) diet-induced obesity after melatonin administration in determined time of the day (evening and morning). Melatonin was administered daily by gavage for 7 weeks in dose 30 mg/kg 1 h before lights-off (ZT11, evening) or 1 h after lights-on (ZT01, morning) rats with high-calorie diet (HCD). Rats with HCD had morbid changes in pancreas cells morphology of exocrine and endocrine part, which manifested in presence of macrophage and leukocyte infiltration of islets, vacuolization and lipid droplets in acinocytes cytoplasm, while areas of islets, acini and acinar cell nucleus decreased. Obese rats with melatonin administration demonstrate amelioration of HCD-associated changes in pancreas. Namely, in rats with development obesity melatonin administrations increased area of pancreatic islets in comparison to HCD group, moreover pancreas acini area reach control values. Also were observed difference between time-of-day interventions of melatonin on acinar cell nucleus area parameters: evening administration showed more strong action in increased to control level direction. Together, is suggesting about melatonin ameliorative role on morpho-functional state of pancreas exocrine and endocrine part under HCD-induced obesity conditions, additionally evening administration 1 h before light-off displayed more beneficial influence compared to morning.


Author(s):  
O. Kalmukova ◽  
T. Kushmyruk ◽  
M. Dzerzhynsky

Kidneys, like the cardiovascular system, are one of the main target organs, the most vulnerable to obesity, because the first take on the metabolism correction function at an increasing excess of fat tissue in the body. Kidney affection under obesity is a multifactorial thing that is caused by a number of processes, including inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism disorders, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, insulin resistance and other factors. An optimal candidate for reducing the harmful effects of kidneys obesity should be a compound that simultaneously exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, controls the circadian rhythm, and also affects on the adipokines secretion. The molecule that meets these conditions is melatonin.The aim of our study was to determine morpho-functional state (morphology characteristic of kidney glomeruli and tubules; morphometric parameters: area and density of glomeruli) of kidney in rats with high-calorie (high fat) diet-induced obesity after melatonin administration in determined time of the day. Melatonin was administered daily by gavage for 7 weeks in dose 30 mg/kg 1 h before lights-off (ZT11) rats with high-calorie diet (HCD). Rats with HCD had huge changes in kidney morphology, which manifested in presence of numerous mesangial cells outside glomeruli and lipid droplets in tubules epithelial cells, while area and density of glomeruli in cm2 decrease. In general kidney with above mentioned characteristic from HCD rats lose their ability to conduct strongly renal function. After melatonin used in rats with HCD arise leveling of pathological changes, which associated with consumption of HCD. Namely, in rats with development obesity melatonin administrations led to increase area and density in comparison to HCD group, moreover glomeruli density reach control values. This is suggest that melatonin have protecting effect against glomerular degeneration. In conclusions, melatonin influence on kidney morpho-functional state in rats with HCD and turn back pathological its changes, moreover evening administration can use for obesity therapy via its strong action on conservation glomerular morphology.


2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Alona Yurchenko ◽  
Daryna Krenytska ◽  
Olexii Savchuk ◽  
Tetiana Halenova ◽  
Natalia Raksha ◽  
...  

AbstractOur interest has focused on the investigation of the anti-obese potential of kidney beans (P. vulgaris) pods extract. In the course of the study, obesity development in rats was induced with high-calorie diet. Control and obese rats then have consumed with aqueous kidney beans (P. vulgaris) pods extract during 6 weeks (200 mg/kg). Results show that the long-term consumption of P. vulgaris pods extract can lead to the reduction of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance development. Furthermore, we saw a normalization of lipid peroxidation parameters and oxidative modification of protein due to the consumption of the kidney beans (P. vulgaris) pods extract. Our experimental data demonstrate the ability of the kidney beans (P. vulgaris) pod extracts to mitigate obesity development but the details of this mechanism remains to be not fully understood.


Author(s):  
А.А. Коваленко ◽  
Г.П. Титова ◽  
В.К. Хугаева

Оперативное лечение различных заболеваний кишечника сопровождается осложнениями в виде нарушений микроциркуляции в области анастомоза кишки. Ранее нами показана способность лимфостимуляторов пептидной природы восстанавливать нарушенную микроциркуляцию, что послужило основой для настоящего исследования. Цель работы - оценка влияния стимуляции лимфотока в стенке кишки на процессы восстановления микроциркуляции, структуры и функции тонкой кишки в области оперативного вмешательства. Методика. В экспериментах на наркотизированных крысах (хлоралгидрат в дозе 0,6 г/кг в 0,9% растворе NaCl) моделировали различные поражения тонкой кишки (наложение лигатуры, перевязка 1-3 брыжеечных артерий, перекрут петли кишки вокруг оси брыжейки, сочетание нескольких видов повреждений). Резекция поврежденного участка через 1 сут. с последующим созданием тонкокишечного анастомоза завершалась орошением операционного поля раствором пептида-стимулятора лимфотока (40 мкг/кг массы животного в 1 мл 0,9% раствора NaCl). На 7-е сут. после операции проводили гистологическое исследование фрагмента кишки в области анастомоза. Результаты. На 7-е сут. после резекции у выживших животных (летальность вследствие кишечной непроходимости составляла 30%) имеют место морфологические признаки острых сосудистых нарушений стенки кишки, изменений кровеносных и лимфатических микрососудов, интерстициальный отек всех слоев стенки кишки, дилатация просвета кишки, повреждение всасывающего эпителия ворсин с истончением щеточной каемки клеток, морфологические признаки гиперфункции бокаловидных клеток. Использование лимфостимулятора пептидной природы после операции увеличивало выживаемость животных на 24%. У части животных отмечалось уменьшение расширения просвета кишки, у других практически полная его нормализация. Восстанавливалась форма кишечных ворсин и распределение бокаловидных клеток. Отсутствовали признаки внутриклеточного и межмышечного отека. Отмечено умеренное полнокровие венул. Заключение. Использование лимфостимулятора при хирургическом лечении кишечной непроходимости увеличивает выживаемость животных на 24% по сравнению с контролем, способствует более раннему восстановлению структуры и функции тонкой кишки. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о перспективности использования стимуляции лимфотока при операциях на кишечнике. Surgical treatment of bowel diseases is associated with complications that cause microcirculatory disturbances in the anastomosis area and may lead to a fatal outcome. This study was based on our previous finding that peptide-type lymphatic stimulators are able to restore impaired microcirculation. The aim of this work was stimulating the lymph flow in the intestinal wall to facilitate recovery of microcirculation, structure and function of the small intestine in the area of surgical intervention. Methods. In experiments on anesthetized rats (0.6 g/kg chloral hydrate in 0.9% NaCl), various small bowel lesions were modeled (bowel ligation, ligation of 1-3 mesenteric arteries, gut torsion, combination of several lesion types). In 24 h, the damaged area was resected, and a small intestine anastomosis was creased. The surgery was completed with irrigation of the operative field with a solution of lymph flow stimulating peptide (40 мg/kg body weight in 1 ml of 0.9% NaCl). A gut fragment from the anastomosis area was examined histologically on day 7 after the surgery. Results. On the 7th day after removing the intestinal obstruction, the surviving animals (lethality 30%) had morphological signs of acute vascular disorders in the intestinal wall; changes in blood and lymphatic microvessels; interstitial edema of all intestinal wall layers; dilatation of the intestinal lumen; damage to the absorptive epithelium of villi with thinning of the brush border, and hyperfunction of mucous (goblet) cells. The use of the peptide after surgery increased the survival rate of animals by 24% and provided a smaller dilatation of the intestinal lumen in some animals. In other animals, the lumen recovered. The shape of intestinal villi and distribution of goblet cells were restored. Signs of intracellular and intermuscular edema were absent. Moderate venular congestion was noticed. Conclusion. Using the lymphatic stimulator in surgical treatment of intestinal obstruction increases the survival rate of animals by 24% compared to the control, facilitates earlier restoration of the small intestine structure and function. The obtained results indicated the effectiveness of lymphatic stimulation in intestinal surgery.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (67) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
I. Ya. Dzyubanovskyi ◽  
V. V. Benedykt ◽  
S. O. Nesteruk ◽  
K. S. Volkov

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