scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF «DIASPORA» IN RESEARCH WORKS OF FOREIGN SCIENTISTS: PARTICULARITIES OF INTERPRETATIONS AND USE

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Nina Averianova
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Diaspora Studies ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Expanded Access ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Diaspora And Transnationalism ◽  
Modern Technologies

The author of the article shows that the term «Diaspora» is often found in foreign scientific circulation. Scientists are gradually introducing new understandings and meanings into the content of the concept of «Diaspora». The definition of «Diaspora» is based on various criteria and characteristics - ethnic, religious, economic, political, etc. And although this word was used in the distant past, however, fundamental developments regarding the concept of «Diaspora» appeared relatively long ago. In the 90s of the twentieth century, a large number of different definitions and typologies of diasporas were proposed, even a new discipline was formed – Diaspora studies. It was during this period that the use of terms such as «Diaspora» and «transnationalism» increased. The author emphasizes the importance of research by such foreign scientists as John A. Armstrong, Rogers Brubaker, Michel Bruneau, Nicholas Van Hear, Milton J. Esman, James Clifford, Robin Cohen, Alain Medam, William Safran, Valeriy Tishkov, Thomas Faist, Gabriel Sheffer. Analyzes the well-known works of these authors regarding the definition of the concept of «Diaspora» and its types. Draws attention to the fact that diasporas today are not only historically formed communities that live outside the country of origin and adhere to ethnocultural traditions. These are certain forces of influence on the authorities of the country of residence and a political instrument in the international arena. The development of modern technologies, expanded access to cyberspace has also affected the functioning of the diasporas. These changes were reflected in new terms – «e-diasporas», «net-diasporas», «web-diasporas», «Onlinediasporas», «digital diasporas». Proves the need for a clear definition of the concept of «Diaspora», because the process of Diaspora takes on new forms and the influence of diasporas is increasing both in the countries of residence and in the countries of origin. The lack of a definition of the specified period directs scientists to further study the problem.

Encounters with Modernity among Received Spiritualities and Traditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candy Gunther Brown
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Spiritual Healing ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
The Self ◽  
Divine Healing ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Modern Technologies

This chapter canvasses the various meanings of modernity and secularization, and develops a partial typology of Protestant reactions to these key themes of the twentieth century. Through the author’s expertise in global charismatic and divine healing movements, and shifting interpretations of sacred texts and religious practice, the chapter notes six categories of Protestant responses, which are to: (1) reinterpret the Bible in light of modern scholarship; (2) reaffirm the Bible’s authoritative status; (3) recontextualize the Bible in light of modern society and culture; (4) reinterpret medical materialism through the prism of biblical supernaturalism; (5) reassess the Bible’s compatibility with a plurality of spiritual healing resources; and (6) reappropriate modern technologies for traditional biblical ends. The chapter notes the challenges to the standard secularization theory, and to the self-definition of Protestant dissenting movements, as they move around the world. It illustrates these points with particular reference to the rise of African indigenous charismatic dissenting practice, starting with key figures such as William Wadé Harris.

scholarly journals Harput, Turkey to Massachusetts: Immigration of Jacobite Christians

Chronos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 19-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shariman Mako ◽  
Sargon George Donabed
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New England ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Diaspora Studies ◽  
Identity Preservation ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Church ◽  
Distinct Method

This essay falls into the category of rendering visible a community, the Jacobite Assyrians of Massachusetts, who have remained virtually unknown in the larger context of Middle Eastern Diaspora studies and American ethnic and cultural history. This brief study of the immigration of the Jacobite Christians originally from Harput, Turkey who settled in New England, shows a variety of distinct method(s) of identity preservation and transmission to subsequent generations, especially in regard to personal and group identity structures. These people, sometimes referred to as "Jacobite Syrians" by early Western travellers and missionaries, identified themselves as the "sons of Asshur" in 1842. (Southgate 1856:87) This paper is a narrative of the community's tribulations in their country of origin during the first half of the twentieth century, internal religious politics espoused by the church, as well as their life and establishment in American society.

scholarly journals What is a proof?

2005 ◽  
Vol 363 (1835) ◽  
pp. 2377-2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Bundy ◽  
Mateja Jamnik ◽  
Andrew Fugard
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Rational Reconstruction ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Euler’S Theorem ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Construction ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Persistent Errors

To those brought up in a logic-based tradition there seems to be a simple and clear definition of proof. But this is largely a twentieth century invention; many earlier proofs had a different nature. We will look particularly at the faulty proof of Euler's Theorem and Lakatos' rational reconstruction of the history of this proof. We will ask: how is it possible for the errors in a faulty proof to remain undetected for several years—even when counter-examples to it are known? How is it possible to have a proof about concepts that are only partially defined? And can we give a logic-based account of such phenomena? We introduce the concept of schematic proofs and argue that they offer a possible cognitive model for the human construction of proofs in mathematics. In particular, we show how they can account for persistent errors in proofs.

Emerging Transnational Practices and Capabilities of Syrian Refugees in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-138
Author(s):  
Zeynep Sahin Mencütek
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Capital ◽  
Diaspora Studies ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Global North ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Transnational Activities

Transnational activities of refugees in the Global North have been long studied, while those of the Global South, which host the majority of displaced people, have not yet received adequate scholarly attention. Drawing from refugee studies, transnationalism and diaspora studies, the article focuses on the emerging transnational practices and capabilities of displaced Syrians in Turkey. Relying on qualitative data drawn from interviews in Şanlıurfa – a border province in south-eastern Turkey that hosts half a million Syrians - the paper demonstrates the variations in the types and intensity of Syrians’ transnational activities and capabilities. It describes the low level of individual engagement of Syrians in terms of communicating with relatives and paying short visits to the hometowns as well as the intentional disassociation of young refugees from homeland politics. At the level of Syrian grassroots organisations, there have been mixed engagement initiatives emerging out of sustained cross-border processes. Syrians with higher economic capital and secured legal status have formed some economic, political, and cultural institutional channels, focusing more on empowerment and solidarity in the receiving country than on plans for advancement in the country of origin. Institutional attempts are not mature enough and can be classified as transnational capabilities, rather than actual activities that allow for applying pressure on the host and home governments. This situation can be attributed to the lack of political and economic security in the receiving country as well as no prospects for the stability in the country of origin. The study also concerns questions about the conceptual debates on the issue of refugee diaspora. Whilst there are clear signs of diaspora formation of the Syrian refugee communities, perhaps it is still premature to term Syrians in Turkey as refugee diaspora.

Towards a Minor Poetry: Reading Twentieth-Century French Poetry with Deleuze–Guattari and Bakhtin

Paragraph ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-153
Author(s):  
Daisy Sainsbury
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
French Language ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
Minor Literature ◽  
Language System ◽  
Poetic Discourse ◽  
Poetry Reading ◽  
Century Poetry ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Minor

Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari's analysis of minor literature, deterritorialization and agrammaticality, this article explores the possibility of a ‘minor poetry’, considering various interpretations of the term, and interrogating the value of the distinction between minor poetry and minor literature. The article considers Bakhtin's work, which offers several parallels to Deleuze and Guattari's in its consideration of the language system and the place of literature within it, but which also addresses questions of genre. It pursues Christian Prigent's hypothesis, in contrast to Bakhtin's account of poetic discourse, that Deleuze and Guattari's notion of deterritorialization might offer a definition of poetic language. Considering the work of two French-language poets, Ghérasim Luca and Olivier Cadiot, the article argues that the term ‘minor poetry’ gains an additional relevance for experimental twentieth-century poetry which grapples with its own generic identity, deterritorializing established conceptions of poetry, and making ‘minor’ the major poetic discourses on which it is contingent.

A Comparative Exploration of the Spiritual Authority of the Awliyā’ in the Shi‘i and Sufi Traditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-74
Author(s):  
Rebecca Masterton
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Critical Comparison ◽  
Spiritual Authority ◽  
Central Tenet ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Islamic Belief

This paper aims to engage in a critical comparison of the spiritual authority of the awliyā’ in the Shi‘i and Sufi traditions in order to examine an area of Islamic belief that remains unclearly defined. Similarities between Shi‘i and Sufi doctrine have long been noted, but little research has been conducted on how and why they developed. Taking a central tenet of both, walāyah, the paper discusses several of its key aspects as they appear recorded in Shi‘i ḥadīth collections and as they appear later in one of the earliest Sunni Sufi treatises. By extention, it seeks to explore the identity of the awliyā’ and their role in relation to the Twelve Imams. It also traces the reabsorption into Shi‘i culture of the Sufi definition of walāyah via two examples: the works of one branch of the Dhahabi order and those of Allamah Tabataba’i, a popular twentieth-century Iranian mystic and scholar.

CONCEPT OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF A KEY PUBLIC SPACE (USING THE EXAMPLE OF «ALLEY OF ARCHITECTS», VORONEZH)

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
С. Л. Подвальный ◽  
О. А. Сотникова ◽  
Я. А. Золотухина
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Territory Design ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Intensive Growth

Постановка задачи. В настоящее время формирование современной комфортной городской среды приобретает особое социально-экономическое значение и выдвигается в число приоритетных государственных масштабных программ. В связи с этим необходимо разработать концепцию благоустройства ключевого общественного пространства, а именно: определить основные и сопутствующие функции данной территории, создать эскизное предложение проекта благоустройства с учетом всех необходимых норм и стандартов, внедрить современные технологии. Результаты. Выполнен эскизный дизайн-проект «Аллеи архитекторов» по ул. Орджоникидзе г. Воронеж, включающий в себя основные элементы по зонированию территории, проектированию акцентных объектов и внедрению инновационных технологий «умного города», позволяющих повысить уровень комфорта горожан. Выводы. Благоустройство населенных мест приобретает особое значение в условиях дискомфорта среды. С выполнением комплекса мероприятий, направленных на благоустройство, и с внедрением современных технологий значительно улучшается экологическое состояние, внешний облик города. Оздоровление и модернизация среды, которая окружает человека в городе, благотворно влияет на психофизическое состояние, что особенно важно в период интенсивного роста городов. Statement of the problem. Currently the formation of the modern comfortable urban environment is gaining a special social and economic value and moving forward in the priorities of state large-scale programs. The purpose of development of the concept of improvement of public space is definition of the main and accompanying functions of this territory, design of the outline offer of the project of improvement considering all necessary norms and standards and implementation of modern technologies. Results. The conceptual project of “Alley of Architects” includes the basic elements of territory zoning, design of accent objects and implementation of technologies of a “smart-city”. These elements allow one to increase the level of comfort of inhabitants. Conclusions. Improvement of the inhabited places is of particular importance in the conditions of discomfort of the environment. Carrying out a complex of the actions directed to gardening and improvement, introducing modern technologies, the ecological condition, the physical appearance of the city considerably improves. Improvement and modernization of the environment which surrounds the person in the city influences a psychophysical state well that especially important during intensive growth of the cities.

The first flush in sewer systems

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Saget ◽  
Ghassan Chebbo ◽  
Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Real Data ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Controversial Subject ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Appearance Frequency

The first flush phenomenon of urban wet weather discharges is presently a controversial subject. Scientists do not agree with its reality, nor with its influences on the size of treatment works. Those disagreements mainly result from the unclear definition of the phenomenon. The objective of this article is first to provide a simple and clear definition of the first flush and then to apply it to real data and to obtain results about its appearance frequency. The data originate from the French database based on the quality of urban wet weather discharges. We use 80 events from 7 separately sewered basins, and 117 events from 7 combined sewered basins. The main result is that the first flush phenomenon is very scarce, anyway too scarce to be used to elaborate a treatment strategy against pollution generated by urban wet weather discharges.

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