scholarly journals Phenomenological Consciousness as a Topos of Human Existence Sense Variation in the World (Based on Plural Derivatives of The Theme + Suffix “Ada” Structural Type of the Spanish Word-Building Subsystem)

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-107
Author(s):  
Eleonora Shevkun
Keyword(s):  
Structural Type ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Spanish Word ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Conceptual Organization ◽  
Topological Field ◽  
And Function ◽  
Derivatives Of

The article is devoted to the analysis of constitution and regular reproduction of the Spanish word-building models based on the reconstruction of invariance / means of explicitness topoi and distinguishing various abstractions of consciousness: phenomenological, empirical and socio-genesis. The description and analysis into the noematic senses constituting the topological field of phenomenological consciousness as a form of human existence world knowledge were made. The acts of noematic meaning prospectivization into means of intelligibility / context of sense-invariants of discrete intentionality were analyzed.The cognitive approach in modern linguistics focuses on the isolation of knowledge representation structures in their linguistic forms, conceptual organization of knowledge in the processes of understanding and generation of messages. At the same time, its attention is riveted to the question of what structures of consciousness the word corresponds to, and which role it plays in human speech and thinking.Nowadays, reflection on the facts of language tends to deploy the interparadigmatic method of study, combining theories and directions of scientific cognition, found far away from each other. The greatest challenge for the researcher is to determine the range and boundaries of interparadigmality in terms of likelihood / adequacy of its application to the specifics of language material. Furthermore, in our view, the value of linguistic research also determines the "feedback" factor, under which analysis of the linguistic material may serve as a specific argument for confirming / refuting the propositions of several philosophical theories and function as "Ariadne‘s thread of " bringing together philosophy and linguistic reflection.

scholarly journals Islands of complex DNA are widespread in Drosophila centric heterochromatin.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-303
Author(s):  
M H Le ◽  
D Duricka ◽  
G H Karpen
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Southern Analysis ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Drosophila Heterochromatin ◽  
And Function ◽  
Heterochromatin Structure ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Eukaryotic Genomes

Abstract Heterochromatin is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood component of multicellular eukaryotic genomes. Major gaps exist in our knowledge of the nature and overall organization of DNA sequences present in heterochromatin. We have investigated the molecular structure of the 1 Mb of centric heterochromatin in the Drosophila minichromosome Dp1187. A genetic screen of irradiated minichromosomes yielded rearranged derivatives of Dp1187 whose structures were determined by pulsed-field Southern analysis and PCR. Three Dp1187 deletion derivatives and an inversion had one breakpoint in the euchromatin and one in the heterochromatin, providing direct molecular access to previously inaccessible parts of the heterochromatin. End-probed pulsed-field restriction mapping revealed the presence of at least three "islands" of complex DNA, Tahiti, Moorea, and Bora Bora, constituting approximately one half of the Dp1187 heterochromatin. Pulsed-field Southern analysis demonstrated that Drosophila heterochromatin in general is composed of alternating blocks of complex DNA and simple satellite DNA. Cloning and sequencing of a small part of one island, Tahiti, demonstrated the presence of a retroposon. The implications of these findings to heterochromatin structure and function are discussed.

Effects of avertin versus xylazine-ketamine anesthesia on cardiac function in normal mice

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (5) ◽  
pp. H1938-H1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chari Y. T. Hart ◽  
John C. Burnett ◽  
Margaret M. Redfield
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Ketamine Anesthesia ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Function ◽  
Derivatives Of

Anesthetic regimens commonly administered during studies that assess cardiac structure and function in mice are xylazine-ketamine (XK) and avertin (AV). While it is known that XK anesthesia produces more bradycardia in the mouse, the effects of XK and AV on cardiac function have not been compared. We anesthetized normal adult male Swiss Webster mice with XK or AV. Transthoracic echocardiography and closed-chest cardiac catheterization were performed to assess heart rate (HR), left ventricular (LV) dimensions at end diastole and end systole (LVDd and LVDs, respectively), fractional shortening (FS), LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), the time constant of isovolumic relaxation (τ), and the first derivatives of LV pressure rise and fall (dP/d t max and dP/d t min, respectively). During echocardiography, HR was lower in XK than AV mice (250 ± 14 beats/min in XK vs. 453 ± 24 beats/min in AV, P < 0.05). Preload was increased in XK mice (LVDd: 4.1 ± 0.08 mm in XK vs. 3.8 ± 0.09 mm in AV, P < 0.05). FS, a load-dependent index of systolic function, was increased in XK mice (45 ± 1.2% in XK vs. 40 ± 0.8% in AV, P < 0.05). At LV catheterization, the difference in HR with AV (453 ± 24 beats/min) and XK (342 ± 30 beats/min, P < 0.05) anesthesia was more variable, and no significant differences in systolic or diastolic function were seen in the group as a whole. However, in XK mice with HR <300 beats/min, LVEDP was increased (28 ± 5 vs. 6.2 ± 2 mmHg in mice with HR >300 beats/min, P < 0.05), whereas systolic (LV dP/d t max: 4,402 ± 798 vs. 8,250 ± 415 mmHg/s in mice with HR >300 beats/min, P < 0.05) and diastolic (τ: 23 ± 2 vs. 14 ± 1 ms in mice with HR >300 beats/min, P < 0.05) function were impaired. Compared with AV, XK produces profound bradycardia with effects on loading conditions and ventricular function. The disparate findings at echocardiography and LV catheterization underscore the importance of comprehensive assessment of LV function in the mouse.

scholarly journals COGNITIVE GRAMMAR IN AN ENGLISH CLASSROOM, OR, HOW TO MAKE LIFE FOR RUSSIAN STUDENTS EASIER

2013 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
A. V. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Cognitive Grammar ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Tense And Aspect ◽  
Grammar Acquisition ◽  
Efl Teacher ◽  
Functional Logic ◽  
English Classroom ◽  
And Function ◽  
Metalinguistic Knowledge

Every EFL teacher who teaches native speakers of Russian knows that the main roadblocks encountered in the classroom pertain to acquisition of articles, prepositions, and grammatical forms of the verb. With regard to articles, the situation is clear: as there are none in Russian, the student needs to understand their role and function in English. It's a bit different with prepositions: even though there are prepositions in Russian, their number and usage in English very often cause confusion. Finally, as far as the so-called tenses go – which are, in fact, tense-aspect forms – many students experience difficulties in developing necessary skills for a simple reason. Being used to the three tenses in Russian (the present, the past, and the future), they are often incapable of understanding the organizational and functional logic of a system which comprises twelve forms in the active voice. With this in mind, the problem of tense acquisition is shown to be rooted in inadequate metalinguistic knowledge pertaining to the meaning and function of the categories of tense and aspect in Russian. Since cognitive structures underlying these grammatical categories are grounded in perceptual experience and are similar in both languages, a cognitive approach, by using the native language as scaffolding, allows the student to benefit from a simple algorithm for choosing a tense in discourse. This radically facilitates grammar acquisition, eliminating many imaginary difficulties. The described approach to instructed tense–aspect acquisition has been successfully used by the author and his disciples and colleagues in educational institutions of different levels for over twenty years, proving to be much more efficient than traditional techniques.

Writing Bayesian Models

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Thompson Hobbs ◽  
Mevin B. Hooten
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Distribution ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Joint Distribution ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Sagebrush Steppe ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Steppe Ecosystem ◽  
Writing Models ◽  
And Function

This chapter offers a general set of steps for writing models to assist the researcher in formulating their own approach to the Bayesian model. The crucial skill of specifying models is often neglected in statistical texts in general and texts on Bayesian modeling in particular. The central importance of model specification also motivates this chapter. The overarching challenge in building models is to specify the components of the posterior distribution and the joint distribution and to factor the joint distribution into sensible parts. This chapter first lays out a framework for doing just that, albeit in somewhat abstract terms, before moving on to a more concrete example—the effects of grazing by livestock and wild ungulates on structure and function of a sagebrush steppe ecosystem.

scholarly journals Students’ ability to correctly apply differentiation rules to structurally different functions

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneshkumar Maharaj ◽  
Mthobisi Ntuli
Keyword(s):  
Chain Rule ◽  
First Year ◽  
Symbolic Form ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
University Mathematics ◽  
Online Quizzes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Derivative Concept ◽  
Function Structures

The derivative concept is studied in first-year university mathematics. In this study, we focused on students’ ability to correctly apply the rules for derivatives of functions with the different structures that they encounter in their university studies. This was done by investigating the online responses of first-year students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal to online quizzes that contributed to their assessment. Based on this investigation, we then interviewed eight students to gain an insight into the thinking behind their responses. We report on the analysis of students’ responses to five items on the online quizzes based on the derivative concept. The categories in which those items were based are: condition for existence of derivative at a point; rules for derivatives of standard functions; application of chain rule to different function structures; the application of multiple rules; and application of derivatives to optimise a function. Our findings indicate that students had difficulty in detecting that multiple rules for derivatives were required to differentiate certain types of functions represented in symbolic form. Furthermore, students had difficulty in finding the derivative of a function when more than one application of the chain rule was required. However, there were students who had the ability to apply the rules for derivatives of functions without difficulty. In particular, most of the students were able to correctly recall the differentiation rules for functions with standard structures f(x)=xn, h(x)=ekx and y=[g(x)]n, n 0 and k is a non-zero constant. Students were also able to correctly apply the chain rule to an exponential function with base e, raised to 4x. The majority of students were able to correctly apply the chain rule together with differentiation rules for logarithmic and exponential (with bases a >1) function structures, and function structures that required the application of the product rule together with the chain rule. Most of the students were able to apply derivatives to optimise a function. Significance: A significant percentage of students who took online quizzes experienced difficulties with applying multiple differentiation rules in the context of a single function. The difficulties stemmed from their inability to detect from the structure of the function which rules should be applied and also the order in which those relevant rules should be applied.

Restoration by salicylate derivatives of localization and function of pendrin mutants

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016.27 (0) ◽  
pp. B104
Author(s):  
Taiki CHAEN ◽  
Michio MURAKOSHI ◽  
Kenichiro MATSUZAKI ◽  
Hiroshi WADA
Keyword(s):  
And Function ◽  
Derivatives Of

scholarly journals A systems perspective of heterocellular signaling

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Wells ◽  
H. Steven Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Realistic Description ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Different Cell Types

Signal exchange between different cell types is essential for development and function of multicellular organisms, and its dysregulation is causal in many diseases. Unfortunately, most cell-signaling work has employed single cell types grown under conditions unrelated to their native context. Recent technical developments have started to provide the tools needed to follow signaling between multiple cell types, but gaps in the information they provide have limited their usefulness in building realistic models of heterocellular signaling. Currently, only targeted assays have the necessary sensitivity, selectivity, and spatial resolution to usefully probe heterocellular signaling processes, but these are best used to test specific, mechanistic models. Decades of systems biology research with monocultures has provided a solid foundation for building models of heterocellular signaling, but current models lack a realistic description of regulated proteolysis and the feedback processes triggered within and between cells. Identification and understanding of key regulatory processes in the extracellular environment and of recursive signaling patterns between cells will be essential to building predictive models of heterocellular systems.

scholarly journals Sequential de novo centromere formation and inactivation on a chromosomal fragment in maize

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. E1263-E1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalin Liu ◽  
Handong Su ◽  
Junling Pang ◽  
Zhi Gao ◽  
Xiu-Jie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
De Novo ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Centromeric Dna ◽  
Repeat Sequences ◽  
Centromeric Repeat ◽  
And Function ◽  
Centromere Assembly ◽  
Derivatives Of

The ability of centromeres to alternate between active and inactive states indicates significant epigenetic aspects controlling centromere assembly and function. In maize (Zea mays), misdivision of the B chromosome centromere on a translocation with the short arm of chromosome 9 (TB-9Sb) can produce many variants with varying centromere sizes and centromeric DNA sequences. In such derivatives of TB-9Sb, we found a de novo centromere on chromosome derivative 3-3, which has no canonical centromeric repeat sequences. This centromere is derived from a 288-kb region on the short arm of chromosome 9, and is 19 megabases (Mb) removed from the translocation breakpoint of chromosome 9 in TB-9Sb. The functional B centromere in progenitor telo2-2 is deleted from derivative 3-3, but some B-repeat sequences remain. The de novo centromere of derivative 3-3 becomes inactive in three further derivatives with new centromeres being formed elsewhere on each chromosome. Our results suggest that de novo centromere initiation is quite common and can persist on chromosomal fragments without a canonical centromere. However, we hypothesize that when de novo centromeres are initiated in opposition to a larger normal centromere, they are cleared from the chromosome by inactivation, thus maintaining karyotype integrity.

scholarly journals The Structure and Function of Paraoxonase-1 and Its Comparison to Paraoxonase-2 and -3

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5980
Author(s):  
Ajda Taler-Verčič ◽  
Marko Goličnik ◽  
Aljoša Bavec
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Mechanism ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Homocysteine Thiolactone ◽  
Substrate Promiscuity ◽  
Serum Paraoxonase ◽  
And Function ◽  
Derivatives Of

Serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is the most studied member of the group of paraoxonases (PONs). This enzyme possesses three enzymatic activities: lactonase, arylesterase, and paraoxonase activity. PON1 and its isoforms play an important role in drug metabolism as well as in the prevention of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Although all three members of the PON family have the same origin and very similar amino acid sequences, they have different functions and are found in different locations. PONs exhibit substrate promiscuity, and their true physiological substrates are still not known. However, possible substrates include homocysteine thiolactone, an analogue of natural quorum-sensing molecules, and the recently discovered derivatives of arachidonic acid—bioactive δ-lactones. Directed evolution, site-directed mutagenesis, and kinetic studies provide comprehensive insights into the active site and catalytic mechanism of PON1. However, there is still a whole world of mystery waiting to be discovered, which would elucidate the substrate promiscuity of a group of enzymes that are so similar in their evolution and sequence yet so distinct in their function.

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