scholarly journals R & D SYSTEM AND STRUCTURE OF THE STATE SUPPORT OF INNOVATION ACTIVITIES IN GERMANY

2018 ◽  
pp. 110-120
Author(s):  
D. Glukhova ◽  
V. Morozov
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
High Level

Innovation can make a difference in addressing urgent developmental challenges such as providing access to drinking water, eradicating neglected diseases or reducing hunger. The transfer and, when necessary, adaptation of technologies developed in developed countries can often contribute significantly to these goals. Undoubtedly the capability to innovate and to bring innovation successfully to market will be a crucial determinant of the global competitiveness of nations over the coming decade. There is growing awareness among policymakers that innovative activity is the main driver of economic progress and well-being as well as a potential factor in meeting global challenges in domains such as the environment and health. Not only has innovation moved to centre-stage in economic policy making, but there is a realisation that a co-ordinated, coherent, “whole-of-government” approach is required. Germany is one of the countries leading innovation development not only in the EU, but also on the world stage. Its innovative system is distinguished by a high level of efficiency and productivity, focused on modern development trends. Certain features of the innovative development of Germany and the role of state regulation in it will highlight positive lessons for Ukraine and implement the German experience at the national level.

Methodological Approaches to Assessing the Level of Economic Security of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
O. Bykova ◽  
Andrey Garnov ◽  
A. Shpileva ◽  
A. Chuhlebov
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Implementation ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
High Level ◽  
Functional Components

In the constantly changing conditions of the external environment, with the modern development of science and technology, with a high level of competition, the success of an organization's functioning lies in its timely ability to effectively respond to market demands. An enterprise's resistance to external and internal threats is determined by the level of its economic security. In other words, the economic security of an enterprise is the state of its protection from the negative influence of external and internal threats, destabilizing factors, under which the sustainable implementation of the main commercial interests and goals of the statutory activities is achieved. It is extremely important to conduct a systematic analysis of the management of the economic security of enterprises, develop effective methods for assessing the current level of security in companies and improve mechanisms for increasing economic security to improve the competitiveness of Russian business in modern market realities. The concept of economic security includes a whole range of functional components. In addition to financial security, the system of economic security includes personnel, technological, market, legal, interface, environmental, information and power components, which equally affect the well-being of the company. And only when comprehensive measures are taken to improve each functional component, a high, competitive level of economic security can be achieved. It is extremely important to understand the essence of the economic security of an enterprise, to study methodological approaches to assessing the current level of economic security and to learn how to correctly use the mechanisms to improve it.

Macroeconomic Factors of Competitiveness of Serbian Economy and ICT Sector

2012 ◽  
pp. 714-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drago Cvijanovic ◽  
Ivan Milojevic ◽  
Radovan Pejanovic
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

Information and communication technology is an initiating and driving force behind economic development. The contribution of the ICT sector is in production and export increase within the sector itself and of the competitiveness of the economy as a whole. Competitiveness is synonymous with productivity and can be enhanced by rational utilization and investment in resources, application of the latest knowledge, investment, by increase of operating efficiency, and implementation of modern technologies in production. Competitiveness implies development of infrastructure and telecommunications, and intensive Internet usage. According to the Global Competitiveness Index, Serbia is lowly ranked. Serbia has the greatest advantage in the area of elementary and higher education, technological readiness and innovativeness. The analysis of technological readiness and the level of innovativeness within the global competitiveness of Serbian economy in 2009, indicates a high level of competitiveness and potential to be developed. Technology transfer from the developed countries is the basis for long-term sustainable economic growth and development. The paper focuses on the analysis of competitiveness of Serbian economy, international economic environment and the determinants of competitiveness.

Macroeconomic Factors of Competitiveness of Serbian Economy and ICT Sector

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drago Cvijanovic ◽  
Ivan Milojevic ◽  
Radovan Pejanovic
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

Information and communication technology is an initiating and driving force behind economic development. The contribution of the ICT sector is in production and export increase within the sector itself and of the competitiveness of the economy as a whole. Competitiveness is synonymous with productivity and can be enhanced by rational utilization and investment in resources, application of the latest knowledge, investment, by increase of operating efficiency, and implementation of modern technologies in production. Competitiveness implies development of infrastructure and telecommunications, and intensive Internet usage. According to the Global Competitiveness Index, Serbia is lowly ranked. Serbia has the greatest advantage in the area of elementary and higher education, technological readiness and innovativeness. The analysis of technological readiness and the level of innovativeness within the global competitiveness of Serbian economy in 2009, indicates a high level of competitiveness and potential to be developed. Technology transfer from the developed countries is the basis for long-term sustainable economic growth and development. The paper focuses on the analysis of competitiveness of Serbian economy, international economic environment and the determinants of competitiveness.

The Role of Cognitive Skills in Economic Development

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A Hanushek ◽  
Ludger Woessmann
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
School Quality ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
School Attainment ◽  
High Level

The role of improved schooling, a central part of most development strategies, has become controversial because expansion of school attainment has not guaranteed improved economic conditions. This paper reviews the role of cognitive skills in promoting economic well-being, with a particular focus on the role of school quality and quantity. It concludes that there is strong evidence that the cognitive skills of the population—rather than mere school attainment—are powerfully related to individual earnings, to the distribution of income, and to economic growth. New empirical results show the importance of both minimal and high level skills, the complementarity of skills and the quality of economic institutions, and the robustness of the relationship between skills and growth. International comparisons incorporating expanded data on cognitive skills reveal much larger skill deficits in developing countries than generally derived from just school enrollment and attainment. The magnitude of change needed makes clear that closing the economic gap with developed countries will require major structural changes in schooling institutions.

scholarly journals Strategic Planning and Management of High-Tech Developments and Innovative Technical Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Sergey Novikov ◽  
Elmira Amirova ◽  
Elena Kosykh ◽  
Marina Chudinovskikh ◽  
Olga Nikolaevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Planning And Management ◽  
Science In Russia ◽  
Oriented Activity ◽  
Technical Solutions

The innovation-oriented activity of enterprises is vital to the formation of competitive positions of the national economy on the world scene. Moreover, the importance of innovation is due to the complex modern economic conditions. Because of the sanctions from developed countries, it is necessary to increase production activities within the country in order to meet domestic demand, as well as to improve cooperation with the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union and Southeast Asia. The study focuses on strategic planning and management of high-tech developments and innovative technical solutions. The authors predicted the financing of science in Russia until 2030. The paper uses comparative analysis, systematization, induction, and deduction. Russia has developed a positive trend in financing the R&D sphere until 2030, which will improve its position in the global competitiveness rating. These findings can be used by managers of enterprises with innovation activities, by authorities regulating innovation activities in Russia, and by specialists in the field of innovation.

Measuring Poverty: Context-Specific but not Relative

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISTIAN NIEMIETZ
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
National Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Context Specific

AbstractPoverty in developed countries is commonly defined in relative terms. It is argued that a relative definition formalises the insight that poverty is a context-specific phenomenon, and that the understanding of what constitutes poverty changes with overall economic development. Yet this article argues that tagging a poverty line to mean or median incomes does not automatically anchor it in its social context. Relative measures rely on the implicit assumptions that social norms are formed at the national level, and that median income earners set social standards. A comparison with studies on ‘Subjective Well-Being’ (SWB) shows that these assumptions are rather arbitrary. At the same time, relative indicators do not take account of changes in the product market structure that disproportionately affect the poor. If low-cost substitutes for expensive items become available, the poor will be relatively more affected than median income earners. Conventional ‘absolute poverty’ indicators will be equally dismissed for not solving these problems either. A combined ‘Consensual Material Deprivation’ and ‘Budget Standard Approach’ indicator will be proposed as a more robust alternative.

scholarly journals Formation of mechanisms for state regulation of environmental investment activities in the region

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 11011
Author(s):  
Salima Makhosheva ◽  
Marina Kandrokova ◽  
Zaur Ivanov ◽  
Anzor Sabanchiev ◽  
Saida Shardan
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Government ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Environmental Orientation ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Almost All

The modern development of the Russian economy is characterized by conditions of socio-ecological and economic development, which create the preconditions for the formation of such a system of using natural resources in the processes of industrial production and consumption, which will be distinguished by rationality, ensure not only environmental, but also economic security of society, the well-being of the present and future generations of the population, assume the creation of necessary and sufficient conditions for sustainable development, which, in turn, will require the introduction of not only economic, technical, technological, social and other transformations, but also changes in the mechanisms of state control and regulation of investment processes of environmental orientation. In our opinion, the greatest improvement should be subject to the regulatory and legal mechanism of both state regulation and, in particular, local public self-government. This need is explained by the fact that in the territories of municipalities, there are sources of environmental pollution and industrial enterprises implementing eco-efficient investment projects. However, as the analysis of the regulatory framework has shown, almost all documents regulating the activities of municipal government bodies in the investment and environmental spheres are approved by laws and resolutions of the governments of the regions in which the municipalities are located. Hence, it can be concluded that the improvement of the regulatory mechanism of state and public regulation should be carried out in a comprehensive manner for both the regional and municipal levels of government.

scholarly journals Mechanism of improvement of logistics system in agro-industrial complex of Belarus in the conditions of regional trade and economic integration

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-178
Author(s):  
N. V. Kireyenka ◽  
A. L. Kosava
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Food System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic

In conditions of establishing market relations and development of integration processes, efficient functioning of agrarian complex of the Republic of Belarus requires searching for new mechanisms and methods to improve competitiveness. As experience of economically developed countries of the world shows, states and producers actively use diverse logistic solutions, models, strategies and methods for planning and arranging activities. Organization of resource support for agricultural producers and promotion of their products in market according to logistics principles results in a significant economic, social and environmental effect. The paper, in the context of the modern period, presents social and economic indicators of the transport and logistics sector, system of state regulation, structural characteristics of logistics centers, agricultural foreign trade and logistics infrastructure. The main factors were identified hindering development of agrologistics in Belarus. Organizational and economic mechanism has been developed for improving logistical activities at the interstate (EAEU) and national levels have been developed. In case of proposal to create a single agrologistics market of Eurasian Economic Union at the interstate level, it is planned to increase efficiency of the national agrologistics market on the national level based on expansion of logistics infrastructure. Via integration of several prediction methods (expert assessments (pessimistic, optimistic and probabilistic opinions), economic and mathematical (extrapolation, time series analysis), non-standard (verbal information)), a reasonable forecast of development of logistics centers of the Republic of Belarus until 2025 was made. The issues in the paper are of interest for preparation of draft state programs and strategies in the field of agrologistics and development of exchange activities, development of country position in implementation of the agreed agro-industrial policy of the EAEU Member States.Acknowledgments. The study was performed within the framework of the following research programs and assignments: State program of scientific research “Quality and efficiency of agro-industrial production” for 2016–2020, subprogram 1 “Economics of agro-industrial complex”, task 1.3 “Study of theoretical and methodological basis for efficient functioning of the national food system, improvement of foreign economic activity of agro-industrial complex, methods and mechanisms of management for agricultural products quality in the context of deepening regional and international integration ” for 2016–2018; State Research and Technical Program “Agropromkompleks-2020” for 2016–2020, subprogram “Agropromkompleks – efficiency and quality”, task 1.1 “Develop a system of scientifically substantiated recommendations ensuring sustainable and efficient functioning of the national food market, foreign trade policy of the agro-industrial complex of Belarus, forming of mechanism of state regulation of agricultural products quality in the context of development of the world trade and economic space” for 2016–2018.

scholarly journals Economic Security Management of Insurance Services Market of Ukraine: The Theoretical Aspects and Practical Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (523) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
R. V. Kobko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Change ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The article is aimed at defining the theoretical aspects of managing the economic security of the insurance services market of Ukraine, searching for ways to develop special practical recommendations to solve the outlined problem. In the context of transformational changes and globalization metamorphoses, the issue of ensuring a high level of economic security of the insurance services market in Ukraine is one of the priorities. The article discusses the risk factors influencing the provision of a high level of economic security of the insurance services market of Ukraine, analyzes the mechanisms for managing the economic security of the insurance services market. Particular attention is paid to the characterization of models of the State regulation of economic security of the insurance services market of the countries of the world, which helps to form the main emphasis on the state of development of the insurance services market of Ukraine. The practice of developed countries of the world indicates the inadmissibility of such a mechanism for ensuring economic balance as insurance premiums, and the need to focus on the formation of insurance reserves. Based on the practice of the developed countries of the world, it is advisable to summarize the mechanisms for ensuring the economic security of the insurance services market as a single system, monitoring of which will ensure systematic economic development, quick managerial decisions in transformational conditions and attraction of investment funds for long-term strategic planning. In addition, the article draws a parallel between ensuring a high level of economic security of the insurance services market and the development of the Ukrainian economy in the context of a rapid change in external influence factors, involving priority mechanisms for ensuring the long-term investment development of the country. The main directions of improvement of the State regulation of economic security of insurance services market are proposed.

scholarly journals RELATIONS BETWEEN INFRASTRUCTURE INNOVATIONS AND TOURISM SPENDING IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES: A MACROECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1072-1094
Author(s):  
Beata Gavurova ◽  
Jaroslav Belas ◽  
Katarina Valaskova ◽  
Martin Rigelsky ◽  
Viera Ivankova
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
National Level ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Tourism spending as well as innovations are characterized by great economic value, which emphasizes the need for their research from a macroeconomic perspective. The objective of the research was to assess the significance of the relations between infrastructure innovations and tourism spending in a sample of developed countries. The analytical processes included macroeconomic indicators expressing tourism spending and innovations. The research sample consisted of 36 countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2010–2019). The analytical processes were primarily performed using robust panel regression and cluster analysis. One of the most important findings is that innovations in information and communication technologies (ICTs) were dominant in terms of the effects on tourism visitors' spending. The results showed that innovations in other areas of infrastructure (general infrastructure, ecological sustainability) should not be neglected either. The significant effects of selected innovation indicators showed positive trajectories. As a result, with the strengthening of innovation activities, an increase in tourism spending is expected, which may lead to economic development. It can be assumed that innovation efforts in countries such as Mexico, the Slovak Republic and Turkey could have great potential for improvement. Based on the results, innovations should be considered a part of tourism development strategies, while ICTs play an important role in this issue. It is desirable to support effective tools to increase the number of innovations in tourism. These innovation efforts at the national level may translate into higher tourism spending, which appears to be economically beneficial.

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