scholarly journals Peculiarities of Ancient Greek Proverbs with Dendronym Component

2018 ◽  
pp. 152-172
Author(s):  
Lazer-Pan’kiv O. V. Lazer-Pan’kiv O. V.
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Pear Tree ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Mulberry Tree

The article represents the results of ancient Greek proverbs’ with dendronym component peculiarities research (with tree species name, name of a part or a fruit of a tree and their derivates). On the basis of their linguocultural and semantic analysis the characteristics of their inner form were described. On this ground an assertion was made that dendronym FIG TREE has the greatest potential for proverb forming in ancient Greek language. The existence of different lexemes in ancient Greek language for certain types and parts of this tree designation attests the wide extent of this tree and its parts usage in everyday life of Hellenes. The proverbs containing dendronym OAK are also quite numerous, while dendronyms APPLE TREE, OLIVE TREE, MYRTLE TREE, LAUREL, MULBERRY TREE, PINE TREE, MASTIK TREE, THORN TREE, POMEGRANATE TREE, CORK TREE and PEAR TREE are used much less often. Such quantitative asymmetry is caused by the peculiarities of their everyday usage by Hellenes. The largest group consists of FU, in which the specific name of the tree (and not part of the tree or fruit) is used. The study of inner form of ancient Greek FU with the dendronym component allowed to determine the cognitive mechanisms of the secondary meaning formation. 62 % FU are formed on the basis of metaphorization (on models “specific → abstract”, “plant → human”, “plant → object”, “object → object”). An equally large group consists of proverbs with a dendronym component, based on metaftonimy, a complex cognitive mechanism of metaphor and metonymy combination (the type “metonymy within metaphor” is much more productive than the type “metaphor within metonymy”). The least numerous are FU formed on the basis of metonymy. The analysis of semantics of ancient Greek FU with the dendronym component made it possible to distinguish the following types of FU motivational basis: the physical characteristics of trees, their parts and fruits, associated with the experience of their practical usage; the practice of using trees, their parts and fruits in various rituals and customs; a historical event in which a certain tree or its part was involved; characteristics of tree parts and fruits concerning their consumption as food; the mention of trees in myths and legends.

scholarly journals Dative by Genitive Replacement in the Greek Language of the Papyri: A Diachronic Account of Case Semantics

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Vera Stolk
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Verbal Form ◽  
Semantic Extension ◽  
Dative Case ◽  
Genitive Case

Semantic analysis of the prenominal first person singular genitive pronoun (μου) in the Greek of the documentary papyri shows that the pronoun is typically found in the position between a verbal form and an alienable possessum which functions as the patient of the predicate. When the event expressed by the predicate is patient-affecting, the possessor is indirectly also affected. Hence the semantic role of this affected alienable possessor might be interpreted as a benefactive or malefactive in genitive possession constructions. By semantic extension the meaning of the genitive case in this position is extended into goal-oriented roles, such as addressee and recipient, which are commonly denoted by the dative case in Ancient Greek. The semantic similarity of the genitive and dative cases in these constructions might have provided the basis for the merger of the cases in the Greek language.

scholarly journals Factors influencing flower bud formation on the pear tree cultivar 'Doyenne du Comice'. I. Shoot growth and flower bud differentiation on trees sprayed with chlormequat and unsprayed ones

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciszka Jaumień
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Pear Tree ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Long Shoots ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

The growth of trees sprayed in spring with chlormequat is weaker, and their elongation growth ends 2 - 3 weeks earlier than that of unsprayed trees. Trees with growth inhibited by chlormequat set flower buds on the spurs and in the subapical part of long shoots. The course of flower bud differentiation starts in the second half of July and is similar to that in the apple tree.

scholarly journals Somatic Phraseological Units with the Component“Heart” in Ancient Greek Tragedies of the Classical Age

2018 ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Tyrnova
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
Cognitive Metaphor ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
Slow Heart Rate ◽  
Classical Age

The article explores phraseological units with the somatic component “heart”, which serve to denote emotions, psychological states and feelings in the Ancient Greek language of the classical age. The authors analyze the meaning of the verbs, used in the structure of the somatic phraseological units and compound metaphors with the somatic word “heart”. It is determined that more than hundred somatic phraseological units with the component καρδία / κραδίη / κῆρ “heart” are used in Greek tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides and 62 units of them serve to denote emotions, psychological states and feelings. It is revealed that somatic phraseological units with the component “heart”, which denote negative emotions and feelings, are predominant in the language of Greek tragedies. In particular, these emotions and feelings are sadness, sorrow, fear, anger, annoyance, irritation, malice, mental pain, despair and depression. The sphere of positive emotions, such as joy, exaltation, satisfaction, calmness and pacification, represented by the language material show the correlation of 15 % to 85 % with the phraseological units of negative meaning. It is found out that the meaning of verbs, used as a part of the phraseological unit, refer to physical action, which is committed over the heart, particularly harm, violence and abuse, physical pain, fast or slow heart rate, cold or hot feelings. In the phraseological units, which denote depression and despair, verbs indicate causing physical injuries of heart, for example, θλίβω “squeeze”,“compress”, δάκνω “bite”, μαστιγόω “slash”, ἐκτήκω “melt”. The verbs, used in the phraseological units with the meaning of fear, indicate changes of heart’s temperature and its pace, for instance ζωπυρέω “flare up”, ὀρχέομαι “dance”. Mental anxiety is verbalized via the cognitive metaphor “heart – water”, therefore waves arise in an alarmed heart or heart rages from an inevitable cycle. The results of the research confirm the thesis that the ancient Greek culture is a “culture of the heart”.

scholarly journals Structuring cooperative learning methods in Ancient Greek classrooms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Angeliki Markoglou
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Language Curriculum ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Motivation For Learning ◽  
Current Article

Abstract Considering the concept of critical teaching, teachers should seek to ensure the active participation of students, emphasisng the adoption of student-centred and group-centred teaching methods, which will provide students with relevant motivation for learning. From this perspective the current article focuses on a teaching proposal for the course of Ancient Greek Language in Greece and Cyprus, presenting the method of jigsaw-based cooperative learning as a teaching practice which promotes both active student participation and group cooperation. According to this teaching practice, the teacher actively involves the students in the learning process, promoting higher-level cognitive, metacognitive and emotional functions. Not only is this method compatible with the broader contemporary pedagogical and didactic principles, which aim to provoke students' interest, cultivate their social skills and relationships, develop their personal self-perception, and create autonomous and fulfilled personalities, but also it is harmonised with the main aims of the Ancient Greek Language Curriculum in these countries, which are fully aligned with both their education policy and their societal needs.

scholarly journals Ancient Greek in modern language of medicine

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 606-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Ancient Greek Medicine

In order to standardize language of medicine, it is essential to have a good command of ancient Greek and Latin. We cannot deny a huge impact of ancient Greek medicine on medical terminology. Compounds of Greek origin related to terms for organs, illnesses, inflammations, surgical procedures etc. have been listed as examples. They contain Greek prefixes and suffixes transcribed into Latin and they have been analyzed. It may be concluded that the modern language of medicine basically represents the ancient Greek language transcribed into Latin.

scholarly journals The value of the national language of science (part no. 1)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-208
Author(s):  
Oleg A. Donskikh
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
National Language ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Language Of Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Languages ◽  
Fully Functioning ◽  
Science Part

The article examines the history of the formation of several languages of science – Ancient Greek, Sanskrit, Arabic and Latin - relating to the material of four languages and corresponding cultures. Several considerations are given in favor of the need to preserve the national languages of science. The stages of formation of languages of science in the system of culture are traced. There are two types of languages that are used by scientific communities: 1) languages that are rooted in the national culture and remain firmly linked with the natural language community; 2) languages that are reserved for performing a certain function, while in parallel, national languages are fully functioning in society. The first type includes the Greek and Arabic, the scientific languages of the second type are Sanskrit and Latin. The key role of the humanitarian, in particular poetic, philological and philosophical culture for the formation of the language of science is shown. Based on the material of the Ancient Greek language, the stages of its development over several centuries are traced, which resulted in such linguistic tools that allowed not only to use abstract conceptual concepts, but also to organize the vocabulary hierarchically, and this as a result allowed to form any needed generic chains. The importance of the appearance of impersonal texts that comes with collections of written documents alienated from a particular teacher is emphasized.

De impact van Oudgriekse studie op kansarme leerlingen

Lampas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-397
Author(s):  
Evelien Bracke
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Project ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Widening Participation ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Economically Deprived ◽  
Primary School Pupils

Summary In the spring of 2019, a pilot project of the university of Ghent named Oude Grieken – Jonge Helden (‘Ancient Greeks – Young Heroes’) brought the study of the Ancient Greek language and culture to primary school pupils of years 5 and 6 in the East Flanders area (Belgium). This project brings Greek to pupils from a socio-economically deprived background with the purpose of raising participants’ intellectual aspirations and increasing access to and visibility of Ancient Greek study. This article describes the ideological context and practical organization of the project, and explores its impact on participants. Results from a mixed-method questionnaire demonstrate its potential to have an impact on the self-confidence of young children who live in poverty. Moreover, since results correspond with those of a project the coordinator ran in the United Kingdom in previous years, they validate the concept of the project across cultural and linguistic boundaries. This article argues that the concept of widening participation as exemplified by this particular project can successfully reach non-traditional target groups of ancient Greek study, to the benefit not only of the participants but also of the future of our subject area. Intellectuals are typically privileged; privilege yields opportunity, and opportunity confers responsibilities. An individual then has choices. Noam Chomsky (2017: 21)

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