Methodological Aspects of Determining Type, Age, and Origin of Archaeological Wood: The Case of Fort Nadym

Archaeological studies in the forest-tundra zone of Western Siberia are highly relevant to studying the material culture, social structure, and ethnic history. The presence of permafrost ensures the unique preservation of organics in cultural layers, including timber, which makes it possible to conduct dendrochronological studies (calendar dating of samples, determination of species composition, typological analysis, and the source of the timber origin). In 2011–2012, during the excavations at Fort Nadym, 347 samples of wood were selected for the assessment of the age of wooden structures. The results showed that most samples belonged to three species of trees: Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.), and Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour). The typological analysis revealed that walls were mostly built from spruce, pine logs, and half-logs, whereas the floors were made from larch and pine. To assess the origin of wood, a new methodological approach was proposed. As a result, it was demonstrated that the main building material was driftwood. This has allowed us to make more accurate interpretations and to specify the years of construction. The analysis indicates three periods of construction / reconstruction: the 1450s–1460s, 1470s–1480s, and 1520s–1570s. The new approach can be applied to other wooden monuments located on the banks of major water arteries of the Siberian forest-tundra zone.

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Variability in Elemental Composition of Conifer Tree Rings

Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal) ◽

10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-24-37 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 24-37

Author(s):

Vladimir L. Gavrikov ◽

◽

Alexey I. Fertikov ◽

Evgenii A. Vaganov ◽

Keyword(s):

Elemental Composition ◽

Tree Rings ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Siberian Larch ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Pinus Sibirica ◽

Siberian Spruce ◽

Long Term Experiment ◽

Conifer Tree

Distribution of chemical elements in tree rings bears important information on various biogeochemical processes. In order to achieve a reliable interpretation of the information, it is necessary to know the degree of variation in the content of chemical elements both at the level of the entire species and at the level of individual trees. The research aims to determine which chemical elements have a stable distribution in the trunks of a number of conifers: Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), and Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour). The data for the analysis were obtained on the basis of the long-term experiment in forest growing. The experimental site was laid out in 1971–1972 in the vicinity of Krasnoyarsk by the staff of the Sukachev Institute of Forest of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Before planting the seedlings, the soil ground was mechanically levelled, and thus, sufficiently equal growth conditions were created for all plantings. Cores with a diameter of 12 mm were sampled from three normally developing trees of each species and analyzed using modern X-ray fluorescence methods. Content relative values of elements (counts) were obtained with the Itrax Multiscanner (COX Analytical Systems). The content of elements in the tree rings was characterized by the concentration and reserve of elements. Concentration was calculated as the number of counts per 1 mm2 of the ring area; reserve was calculated as the number of counts over the entire ring area. Each of these variables was defined by the parameters of linear slope in the calendar year series and the standard deviation. The cluster analysis was performed in the 4-dimensional space of the obtained parameters. This allowed determining whether the series of element distributions from different trees and species are grouped. Three elements (Ca, Co, and P) show high stability of distribution parameters in tree rings with no regard to tree species. A number of other elements (Mn, Pb, Cl, Cr, Ni, Sr, and W) are stably grouped depending on the species. The results of the research enable to focus on the study of the elements stably distributed in the conifer trunks. For citation: Gavrikov V.L., Fertikov A.I., Sharafutdinov R.A., Vaganov E.A. Variability in Elemental Composition of Conifer Tree Rings. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 24–37. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-24-37

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Ecology of Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) and Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) in the Altai mountain glacial basins

Russian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.1134/s1067413614030138 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 194-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

E. E. Timoshok ◽

E. N. Timoshok ◽

S. N. Skorokhodov

Keyword(s):

Siberian Larch ◽

Larix Sibirica ◽

Pinus Sibirica ◽

Stone Pine ◽

Altai Mountain ◽

Siberian Stone Pine ◽

Siberian Stone ◽

Pinus Sibirica Du Tour

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Geoactive Zones and the Structure of Plant Communities in Connection With New Discoveries in Space Geology

Bulletin of Science and Practice ◽

10.33619/2414-2948/62/03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 33-48

Author(s):

M. Rogozin

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sibirica ◽

Comfort Zone ◽

Space Images ◽

Picea Obovata ◽

Siberian Spruce ◽

Large Trees ◽

Ring Structures ◽

Pinus Sibirica Du Tour ◽

Siberian Pine ◽

Geodynamic Activity

The purpose of the work is to find out how plants react to such zones and whether their phytoindication is possible. Two territories of the Perm territory were studied: the Vishersky Nature Reserve and forests near Perm. The research methodology included lineament and geostructurometric analysis of space images and special maps using ring structures discovered on the Earth’s surface by Yu. I. Fivenskii, as well as phyto- and bioindication of small geoactive zones. It was found that in the forests near Perm favorable zones of such zones occupy 1.44% of the territory and within their limits the safety of common pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is 29–42 times higher. Phytoindication of small geoactive zones of 1.0 and 3.0 m by common pine was shown in the zones of influence of these zones: 0–18 cm — the radius of inhibition with the absence of trees; 19–29 cm — the depression zone with small trees; 30–48 cm — the comfort zone with medium and large trees. Two types of networks formed by zones of 1.0 and 8.0 m in size near Perm (on the plain) and in the reserve (in the mountains) were compared. In the mountains, with high geodynamic activity of territories, the networks are oriented in one direction, while on the plain their orientation is misaligned by 30°. In the reserve, large trees of Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) were located on small geoactive zones of 1.0 and 8.0 m, and trees of Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) — on zones 1.0 and 3.0 m in combination with zones 16, 32 and 55 m. In the subgolets zone, ring structures of perennial plants were also found on the first two types of zones. In addition, along the edges of the swamps, chains of trees were found whose direction coincides with ring faults, and the chains themselves are similar to the structure of small geoactive zones networks, and this fractality requires field verification. The hypothesis recharge of plants within geoactive zones is proposed, which also explains the successful growth of trees on rocks, where the amount of available soil is minimal.

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Sub-recent palynological spectra of landscapes of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area, Russia

Proceedings of the VII International Scientific Conference, dedicated to the 135th anniversary of the P.N. Krylov Herbarium of Tomsk State University and the 170th anniversary of P.N. Krylov ◽

10.17223/978-5-94621-927-3-2020-47 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

N.V. Shefer ◽

◽

L. S. Shumilovskikh ◽

I.I. Gureyeva ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Northern Taiga ◽

Taxonomic Composition ◽

Larix Sibirica ◽

Pinus Sibirica ◽

Picea Obovata ◽

Forest Tundra ◽

Pinus Sibirica Du Tour ◽

Betula Pubescens Ehrh ◽

Nenets Autonomous ◽

Actual Participation

An analysis of the composition of surface spore-pollen spectra (SPS) was carried out within a gradient from forest-tundra to northern taiga. In total, 20 sub-recent moss-lichen surface samples were obtained on the territory of the Nadymsky and Purovsky districts of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area. All studied spectra contain pollen of Larix sibirica Ledeb., Picea obovata Ledeb., Pinus sibirica Du Tour, P. sylvestris L., Betula pubescens Ehrh., B. nana L, as well as Ericaceae, Asteraceae and Cyperaceae. In the SPS of the studied communities, an increase in the participation of the pollen of Pinus species, a decrease in the content of Betula nana pollen, and an increase in the diversity of the taxonomic composition of herbs at the transition from the forest-tundra to the northern taiga are observed. The low content of Picea obovata pollen in the forest-tundra and northern taiga spectra reflects the low proportion of spruce in the studied communities. The low pollen proportion of Larix sibirica in the forest-tundra and northern taiga does not reflect the actual participation of L. sibirica in the vegetation cover, but is associated with rapid destruction of pollen and its low flight ability. The low content of Larix sibirica pollen in the forest-tundra and northern taiga does not reflect the actual participation of larch in the stand.

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FUNGI COLONIZING CONIFEROUS SEEDLINGS IN FOREST NURSERIES OF MIDDLE SIBERIA

Series II - Forestry • Wood Industry • Agricultural Food Engineering ◽

10.31926/but.fwiafe.2021.14.63.1.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14(63) (1) ◽

pp. 57-66

Author(s):

Marina A. SHELLER ◽

Elena A. SHILKINA ◽

Aleksey A. IBE ◽

Tatyana V. SUKHIKH ◽

Inna E. SAFRONOVA

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sibirica ◽

Stone Pine ◽

Siberian Stone Pine ◽

Picea Obovata ◽

Siberian Spruce ◽

Phialocephala Fortinii ◽

Phytosanitary Measures ◽

Forest Nurseries ◽

Pinus Sibirica Du Tour ◽

Middle Siberia

The study was carried out in four forest nurseries of Middle Siberia. Affected seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Scots Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour), and Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) were collected for molecular phytopathological examination. In total, 14 fungal taxa were identified in the needles and roots of the plants. The most dominant among them were Sydowia polyspora (Bref. & Tavel) E., Didymella glomerata (Corda) Qian Chen & L. Cai, Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.) Link, Lophodermium seditiosum Minter, Staley & Millar, Phialocephala fortinii C. J. K. Wang & H. E. Wilcox and Cadophora finlandica (C. J. K. Wang & H. E. Wilcox) T. C. Harr. & McNew. The richness of the fungal taxa was higher in the needles than in the roots of all the tree species studied. The obtained results could be used for implementing more effective phytosanitary measures in the studied nurseries.

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Vascular plants– phyto-indicators of geoactive zones in mountains and plains

Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии ◽

10.14258/pbssm.2021075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 373-378

Author(s):

M. V Rogozin ◽

V. V. Mikhalev

Keyword(s):

Soil Conditions ◽

Pinus Sibirica ◽

Siberian Spruce ◽

Pine Tree ◽

Loose Deposits ◽

Large Trees ◽

Cold Spring ◽

Pinus Sibirica Du Tour ◽

First Time ◽

Perm Region

The research was conducted in the Perm Region. Geo-structural analysis, phyto-indication, and biolocationwere used. Prior to this, forest ecosystems were studied by classical methods, in which it was found that the combinedinfluence of the density of microcenosis and the tree genotype determines the size of trees by only 40 %. It follows that 60%of the factors that determine the size of trees in different phytocenotic and soil conditions remain unknown. Therefore,we then began to study small geoactive zones (MGA-zones) with the hypothesis that they are related to the “small ringstructures of loose deposits of the earth’s crust” by Yu. I. Fivensky. Favorable MGA zones with a size of 1.0-3.0 m are foundwith a frequency of 220-250 pcs./ha and the pine tree is preserved 39 times better, increases the trunk volume by 46 %,forms 200-year-old forests, and its large trees are their indicators. Networks of them can be used as an energy frameworkand, for example, in a forest nursery, their energy in the conditions of cold spring increased the germination of spruceseeds by 7 times. Apparently, the forest species evolved using the energies of these zones; in any case, all the tree species westudied significantly increased their longevity and size. It shows promising sites with structures of Yu. I. Fivensky, whererings of hellebore (Verátrum lobeliánum Bernh.), fern (Dryopteris filix mas L.), and the highest trees of Siberian spruce(Picea obovate Leded) were previously discovered for the first time.) and Siberian cedar pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour).

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Dendrolimus superans sibiricus. [Distribution map].

Distribution Maps of Plant Pests ◽

10.1079/dmpp/20073108411 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Far East ◽

Siberian Larch ◽

Pinus Sibirica ◽

Distribution Map ◽

Picea Jezoensis ◽

Picea Obovata ◽

Siberian Fir ◽

Siberian Spruce ◽

Central Russia ◽

Dendrolimus Superans

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Dendrolimus superans sibiricus (Tschetv). Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae. Hosts: Khingan, Sakhalin and Siberian fir (Abies nephrolepis, Abies sachalinensis, Abies sibirica), Dahurian and Siberian larch (Larix gmelinii, Larix sibirica), Yeddo and Siberian spruce (Picea jezoensis, Picea obovata), fruit pine (Pinus korainensis) and Pinus sibirica. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Russia, Central Russia, Eastern Siberia, Far East and Western Siberia) and Asia (China, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Menggu, Kazakhstan, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic and Mongolia).

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Result of study on developing forest seed region in Mongolia

Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences ◽

10.5564/pmas.v58i1.968 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 5-14

Author(s):

Jamyansuren S ◽

Udval B ◽

Batkhuu N ◽

Bat-Erdene J ◽

Michael Fischer

Keyword(s):

Genetic Selection ◽

Siberian Larch ◽

The Other ◽

Distribution Area ◽

Seed Region ◽

Pinus Sibirica ◽

Scotch Pine ◽

Siberian Fir ◽

Siberian Spruce ◽

Siberian Pine

In other countries, they usually use auto road and railroad as borders of the forest seed regions. In case of Mongolia, this method is not suitable since sparse population, large distribution area of forests and large territory. Therefore, we used topographical features to determine borders of the seed regions. Satellite images in combination with DEM make it possible to define rivers, streams and mountain ridges as border of forest seed regions. Species included in forest seed regions are: Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ldb.), Dahurian larch (Larix dahurica Turcz), Chekanovskii larch (Larix chekanowski Szaf.), Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour.), Siberian spruce (Picea obovate Ldb.), and Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ldb.).Mongolian forests are mountain forests with high altitudinal variation and have dry growth condition hence, seed quality of the main tree species is declining recently. It is required to use seeds from the same seed region. Only if this is not possible the seeds should be obtained from regions with comparable ecological conditions.Local seed is the ones collected from the forests within the border of same seed region, and seed from the other regions are the ones collected from the other seed region. Seeds collected from the plain forests can be used for almost all forest regions, however seeds collected from mountainous regions can only be used within 200-400 m limit of the original altitude.We identified 19 seed regions for Siberian larch and 12 regions for Scots pine, 9 regions for Siberian pine, 6 regions for Siberian fir and 9 seed regions for Siberian spruce forests, respectively. Due to lack of genetic-selection study in Mongolia, this proposed forest seed regions can be considered as preliminary effort and it is possible to changed and improved based on more detailed research results. These forest seed regions proposed by project team can be used as fundamental material for establishing permanent forest seed supply based on genetic-selection characteristics of the forests in different regions in Mongolia.

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