scholarly journals Sub-recent palynological spectra of landscapes of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area, Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Shefer ◽  
◽  
L. S. Shumilovskikh ◽  
I.I. Gureyeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Taiga ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Larix Sibirica ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Picea Obovata ◽  
Forest Tundra ◽  
Pinus Sibirica Du Tour ◽  
Betula Pubescens Ehrh ◽  
Nenets Autonomous ◽  
Actual Participation

An analysis of the composition of surface spore-pollen spectra (SPS) was carried out within a gradient from forest-tundra to northern taiga. In total, 20 sub-recent moss-lichen surface samples were obtained on the territory of the Nadymsky and Purovsky districts of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area. All studied spectra contain pollen of Larix sibirica Ledeb., Picea obovata Ledeb., Pinus sibirica Du Tour, P. sylvestris L., Betula pubescens Ehrh., B. nana L, as well as Ericaceae, Asteraceae and Cyperaceae. In the SPS of the studied communities, an increase in the participation of the pollen of Pinus species, a decrease in the content of Betula nana pollen, and an increase in the diversity of the taxonomic composition of herbs at the transition from the forest-tundra to the northern taiga are observed. The low content of Picea obovata pollen in the forest-tundra and northern taiga spectra reflects the low proportion of spruce in the studied communities. The low pollen proportion of Larix sibirica in the forest-tundra and northern taiga does not reflect the actual participation of L. sibirica in the vegetation cover, but is associated with rapid destruction of pollen and its low flight ability. The low content of Larix sibirica pollen in the forest-tundra and northern taiga does not reflect the actual participation of larch in the stand.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION of QUANTITATIVE CONTENT of EXTRACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM the WOOD, ROOTS AND BARK of CONIFEROUS SPECIES in SIBERIA: LARCH (LARIX SIBIRICA L.), Scotch PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.), FIR (ABIES SIBIRICA L.), SPRUCE (PICEA OBOVATA L.) AND CEDAR (PINUS SIBIRICA DU TOUR.)

2018 ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Людмила (Lyudmila) Андреевна (Andreyevna) Остроухова (Ostroukhova) ◽  
Татьяна (Tat'yana) Евгеньевна (Evgen'evna) Федорова (Fedorova) ◽  
Нина (Nina) Аркадьевна (Arkad'yevna) Онучина (Onuchina) ◽  
Алексей (Aleksey) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) Левчук (Levchuk) ◽  
Василий (Vasiliy) Анатольевич (Anatol'yevich) Бабкин (Babkin)
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Larix Sibirica ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Picea Obovata ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
Pinus Sibirica Du Tour

The study of the quantitative content of extractive substances from various tree organs (wood, roots, bark) of coniferous Siberian specieswas conducted. The larch (Larix sibirica L.), pines (Pinus sylvestris L.), fir (Abies sibirica L.), spruce (Picea obovata L.) and cedar (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) were investigated. Samples of coniferous tissues were selected in the Lake Baikal area in September-October 2015. Extractive substances were extracted from the ground raw material by extraction with ethyl acetate at the boiling point of the solvent for 4 hours. The resinous substances were extracted from the obtained ethyl acetate extracts by hexane by the infusion method for 2 days. The raw material samples, after extraction with ethyl acetate, were dried from solvent residues, then water-soluble substances were extracted by extraction with distilled water at 90 °C for 4 hours [1]. It is established the bark of the investigated coniferous species is most rich in extractive substances. It can contain up to 15% of the mass of absolutely dry matter (a.d.m.) of compounds soluble in ethyl acetate (for example, fir bark). The yield of extractive substances from coniferous wood is comparable with their content in the roots and ranges from 2 to 6% of the a.d.m. The greatest amount of resinous substances contain in wood of cedar and pine. This is more than 3% of a.d.m. The highest yield of water-soluble substances was from larch wood (18% of a.d.m.) and fir bark (10% of a.d.m.). A generalization and systematization of data on the chemical composition of phenolic extractive compounds of various coniferous tissues was carried out. It is shown that all the species under study contain a variety of biologically valuable polyphenols and have good potential for pharmacology, agriculture and forestry.

A study of natural durability of selected coniferous wood species from north Asia affected by the fungus Coniophora puteana (Schumach.) P. Karst.

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Boguslaw Andres ◽  
Agnieszka Jankowska ◽  
Grzegorz Duchnik
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Larix Sibirica ◽  
Natural Durability ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
North Asia ◽  
Coniferous Wood ◽  
Pinus Sibirica Du Tour

The aim of prestened study was to determine the natural durability of selected coniferous wood species from Asia to the effect of Coniophora puteana (Schumach.) P. Karst., which causes brown rot. The species tested were: Larix gmellini (Rupr.) Kuzen., Larix sibirica Ledeb. and Pinus sibirica Du Tour.. The test was conducted on the basis of PN-EN 350:2016-10 and PN-EN 113:2000. As a result of the research durability classes were determined. Wood durability of tested Asian species was compared with the domestic wood species such as Pinus sylvestris L. and Larix decidua Mill.. The most durable of the tested wood species was Larix sibirica Ledeb., while the European larch showed comparable durability. The wood of Larix gmellini (Rupr.) Kuzen. showed the lowest persistence among the tested species.

scholarly journals To the creation of the exhibition of Altai flora in the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
S. I. Yudin
Keyword(s):  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Northern Taiga ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Introduced Plants ◽  
Pinus Sibirica Du Tour

The preconditions for creating an exposition on the botanical and geographical site "Altai" of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden of the KSC RAS, represented by cenotic elements characteristic of the forests of the Altai mountains: dark-coniferous, light-coniferous and black taiga. Such expositions in botanical gardens are one of the forms of preserving the biodiversity of introduced plants ex situ. The condition, structure, species composition of the created plantings for this period - the completion of the first stage of work ("Creating a tree tier") is described. Preliminary results of plant introduction the main tree species ( Abies sibirica Ledeb., Picea obovata Ledeb., Larix sibirica Ledeb., Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Pinus sylvestris L., Tilia cordata Mill ., Populus tremula L.) forests of the Altai mountains. The condition of coniferous plants is characterized as normal: they show climate and soil resilience, have a natural rhythm of development here, go through all stages and phases of ontomorphogenesis. A comparative analysis of the rhythms of seasonal development of plants of herbaceous species characteristic of the most contrasting ecotypes of the Altai mountains (foothill and high-mountain) showed that the conditions of the Northern taiga of the Khibiny mountains of the Kola Peninsula are more consistent with plants of high-altitude habitats (high-mountain ecotype). Features of growth and development of plants of Altai species ex situ indicate successful adaptation of most of these species to the conditions of the Kola Arctic.

scholarly journals Geoactive Zones and the Structure of Plant Communities in Connection With New Discoveries in Space Geology

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
M. Rogozin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Comfort Zone ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Picea Obovata ◽  
Siberian Spruce ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Ring Structures ◽  
Pinus Sibirica Du Tour ◽  
Siberian Pine ◽  
Geodynamic Activity

The purpose of the work is to find out how plants react to such zones and whether their phytoindication is possible. Two territories of the Perm territory were studied: the Vishersky Nature Reserve and forests near Perm. The research methodology included lineament and geostructurometric analysis of space images and special maps using ring structures discovered on the Earth’s surface by Yu. I. Fivenskii, as well as phyto- and bioindication of small geoactive zones. It was found that in the forests near Perm favorable zones of such zones occupy 1.44% of the territory and within their limits the safety of common pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is 29–42 times higher. Phytoindication of small geoactive zones of 1.0 and 3.0 m by common pine was shown in the zones of influence of these zones: 0–18 cm — the radius of inhibition with the absence of trees; 19–29 cm — the depression zone with small trees; 30–48 cm — the comfort zone with medium and large trees. Two types of networks formed by zones of 1.0 and 8.0 m in size near Perm (on the plain) and in the reserve (in the mountains) were compared. In the mountains, with high geodynamic activity of territories, the networks are oriented in one direction, while on the plain their orientation is misaligned by 30°. In the reserve, large trees of Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) were located on small geoactive zones of 1.0 and 8.0 m, and trees of Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) — on zones 1.0 and 3.0 m in combination with zones 16, 32 and 55 m. In the subgolets zone, ring structures of perennial plants were also found on the first two types of zones. In addition, along the edges of the swamps, chains of trees were found whose direction coincides with ring faults, and the chains themselves are similar to the structure of small geoactive zones networks, and this fractality requires field verification. The hypothesis recharge of plants within geoactive zones is proposed, which also explains the successful growth of trees on rocks, where the amount of available soil is minimal.

FUNGI COLONIZING CONIFEROUS SEEDLINGS IN FOREST NURSERIES OF MIDDLE SIBERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Marina A. SHELLER ◽  
Elena A. SHILKINA ◽  
Aleksey A. IBE ◽  
Tatyana V. SUKHIKH ◽  
Inna E. SAFRONOVA
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Stone Pine ◽  
Siberian Stone Pine ◽  
Picea Obovata ◽  
Siberian Spruce ◽  
Phialocephala Fortinii ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Pinus Sibirica Du Tour ◽  
Middle Siberia

The study was carried out in four forest nurseries of Middle Siberia. Affected seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Scots Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour), and Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) were collected for molecular phytopathological examination. In total, 14 fungal taxa were identified in the needles and roots of the plants. The most dominant among them were Sydowia polyspora (Bref. & Tavel) E., Didymella glomerata (Corda) Qian Chen & L. Cai, Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.) Link, Lophodermium seditiosum Minter, Staley & Millar, Phialocephala fortinii C. J. K. Wang & H. E. Wilcox and Cadophora finlandica (C. J. K. Wang & H. E. Wilcox) T. C. Harr. & McNew. The richness of the fungal taxa was higher in the needles than in the roots of all the tree species studied. The obtained results could be used for implementing more effective phytosanitary measures in the studied nurseries.

Methodological Aspects of Determining Type, Age, and Origin of Archaeological Wood: The Case of Fort Nadym

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
V. S. Myglan ◽  
G. T. Omurova ◽  
V. V. Barinov ◽  
O. V. Kardash
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Tundra Zone ◽  
Forest Tundra ◽  
Siberian Spruce ◽  
Archaeological Wood ◽  
Ethnic History ◽  
Pinus Sibirica Du Tour

Archaeological studies in the forest-tundra zone of Western Siberia are highly relevant to studying the material culture, social structure, and ethnic history. The presence of permafrost ensures the unique preservation of organics in cultural layers, including timber, which makes it possible to conduct dendrochronological studies (calendar dating of samples, determination of species composition, typological analysis, and the source of the timber origin). In 2011–2012, during the excavations at Fort Nadym, 347 samples of wood were selected for the assessment of the age of wooden structures. The results showed that most samples belonged to three species of trees: Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.), and Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour). The typological analysis revealed that walls were mostly built from spruce, pine logs, and half-logs, whereas the floors were made from larch and pine. To assess the origin of wood, a new methodological approach was proposed. As a result, it was demonstrated that the main building material was driftwood. This has allowed us to make more accurate interpretations and to specify the years of construction. The analysis indicates three periods of construction / reconstruction: the 1450s–1460s, 1470s–1480s, and 1520s–1570s. The new approach can be applied to other wooden monuments located on the banks of major water arteries of the Siberian forest-tundra zone.

scholarly journals Preliminary evaluation for quality of dimension lumber in four common softwoods in Mongolia

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murzabyek Sarkhad ◽  
Futoshi Ishiguri ◽  
Ikumi Nezu ◽  
Bayasaa Tumenjargal ◽  
Yusuke Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Picea Obovata ◽  
Dimension Lumber ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Characteristic Values

Abstract The quality of dimension lumber (2 by 4 lumber) was preliminarily investigated in four common Mongolian softwoods: Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Picea obovata Ledeb., and Larix sibirica Ledeb. to produce high quality dimension lumber for structural use. In total 61, 39, 67, and 37 pieces of lumber were prepared for Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sibirica, Picea obovata, and L. sibirica, respectively. The lumber was visually graded and then tested in static bending to obtain the 5% lower tolerance limits at 75% confidence level (f0.05) of the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the modulus of rupture (MOR). In addition, the effects of sawing patterns on bending properties were also analyzed. The f0.05 of the MOE and MOR were 4.75 GPa and 15.6 MPa, 3.39 GPa and 11.0 MPa, 3.78 GPa and 11.7 MPa, and 6.07 GPa and 22.3 MPa for Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sibirica, Picea obovata, and L. sibirica, respectively. These results suggested that with a few exceptions, characteristic values of MOR in the four common Mongolian softwoods resembled those in similar commercial species already used. In visual grading, over 80% of total lumber was assigned to select structural and No. 1 grades in Pinus sylvestris and Pinus sibirica, whereas approximately 40% of total lumber in L. sibirica was No. 3 and out of grades. Sawing patterns affected bending properties in Pinus sylvestris and L. sibirica, but did not affect Pinus sibirica and Picea obovata. Dynamic Young's modulus was significantly correlated with bending properties of dimension lumber for the four species. Based on the results, it was concluded that dimension lumber for structural use can be produced from the four common Mongolian softwoods.

scholarly journals Формирование кроны кедра сибирского за 12-летний период после декапитации (пригородная зона г. Красноярска)

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Grishlov ◽  
Natalia Bratilova ◽  
Rimma Matveeva ◽  
Olga Butorova
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Pinus Sibirica Du Tour

Показаны особенности формирования кроны кедра сибирского (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) после декапитации, произрастающего на плантации «Метеостанция» в Учебно-опытном лесхозе Караульного лесничества в условиях юга Средней Сибири. Объектом исследований являлась 54-летняя плантация кедра сибирского, выращенная  из семян, заготовленных в 1964 г. в Лениногорском лесхозе (Республика Казахстан). Декапитация проведена у деревьев 42-летнего возраста в 2005 г. с оставлением ствола высотой 1,4-1,7 м. Верхняя часть кроны удалена на 50,0-66,7%. В 2017 г. деревья достигли высоты 5,6-9,1 м. Количество лидирующих побегов, заменивших центральный, составило 3-7 шт., длина которых за 12-летний период достигла 4,0-7,6 м. Деревья с диаметром ствола 12-18 см имели по 3-4, с диаметром 20-26 см – по 6-7 шт. лидирующих побега. Установлено, что уровень изменчивости высоты деревьев низкий; прироста побегов, диаметра ствола – средний, количества лидирующих побегов – высокий. Наибольшей высотой (9,1 м) отличалось дерево № 4-98, превосходя другие особи на 8,3-62,5%. Сопоставлено количество боковых ветвей, образовавшихся на лидирующих побегах за 5 лет (2013-2017 гг.). Отмечено, что их средний прирост за исследуемый период находился в пределах 23,6-45,5 см. Между диаметром ствола и числом лидирующих побегов коэффициент корреляции (r) равен 0,619; числом лидирующих побегов и количеством сформированных боковых ветвей спустя 7-12 лет после декапитации – 0,770, диаметром ствола при обрезке и высотой деревьев после 12 лет декапитации – 0,738.

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