Tungus-Manchu Traditional Beliefs. Part 1: Fertility Cult and Images of Divine Ancestresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
T. Y. Sem

This article explores the traditional beliefs of the Tungus-Manchu peoples and is based on the hermeneutic and comparative analysis of the fertility cult. Some of its aspects are related to images of divine ancestresses, the tree of life, the hearth cult, ancestral lineage, and animistic beliefs. For the fi rst time, cults of fertility, as well as those of divine ancestresses, are regarded as an integral whole. This analysis demonstrates that images of ancestresses are preserved in mythology, rituals (specifi cally domestic ones), tribal culture, and cultural features related to birth, shamanism, ludic culture, and applied art. Also, they relate to the hearth cult, fi re rites, the tree of souls or tree of life, creation, and shamanism as part of folk medicine and rites of passage. The conclusion is made that the Tungus-Manchu fertility cult is an inherent religious system, relevant to the mentality, archetypal cultural values, ethno-cultural specifi city, and contacts with other peoples. 

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 13201325
Author(s):  
Xin Yang

With their massiveness and openness, Moocs have become one of the most widespread and influential online learning forms, which leads to the fact that more and more designers with different cultural backgrounds are getting involved in the course design. As a result, the Mooc design such as the styles of the organization and presentation may correspondingly be influenced by cultural values of the designers, and then become barriers for learners. In order to locate the cultural influence reflected in the Mooc design in China, the introductory videos of three courses published on Coursera, which are designed by three well-known universities in China, are sampled for analysis from the aspects of power distance, individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity within the framework of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. The findings indicate that the cultural features of the high-power distance, collectivism and femininity have shown their influence on the designing of these courses.


2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Johnson

Hazing rituals and ceremonies have been described in traditional, historical world cultures, junior and high school, the military, private schools, paramilitary organizations, fraternities and sororities as well as sport (Allan and Madden, 2008; Bryshun and Young, 1999; Campos, Poulos and Sipple, 2005; Fields, Collins, and Comstock, 2010; Linhares de Albuquerque and Paes-Machado 2004; Nuwer 1999; Winslow 1999; Zacharda 2009). Despite the often humiliating and abusive nature of hazing practices the hazing ritual is often perceived to be a necessary stepping stone in the movement from outsider to insider. Student-athletes often endure hazing practices with 80% of NCAA athletes having reported being initiated in some way (Hoover 1999) in exchange for membership affiliation. This paper uses Van Gennep’s three stage model (1960) of transition as basis of comparison and deviation between contemporary initiations and historical traditions defining both the importance of cultures to establish “Rites of Passage” membership gateways and metamorphous from non-member to group member (irrespective of potential harm frequently inherent in sport initiations).


2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Folk ◽  
Pamela S. Soltis ◽  
Douglas E. Soltis ◽  
Robert Guralnick

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Ketevan Djachy ◽  
George Kuparadze ◽  
Lia Rukhiashvili

This paper concerns a comprehensive study of the Family Law legal terminology and attempts to determine its communicative role and functions in linguistic, sociolinguistic and socio-cultural aspects. Increased contacts between people, societal changes associated with migration processes, and more frequent mixed marriages have led to dynamic socio-cultural values and changes to traditional cultural stereotypes. In this regard, it is interesting to examine and study the marital and family problems in contemporary intercultural space and legal discourse, the sphere that has not been studied yet in terms of comparative analysis in Georgian, English and French languages.


Author(s):  
Raquel Lopes ◽  
Catarina Schreck Reis ◽  
Amadeu M.V.M. Soares ◽  
Paulo Renato Trincão

Resumo: Atendendo à inexistência de legislação comunitária europeia, relativa à proteção das árvores monumentais, procurou-se conhecer a realidade legislativa, em vinte e três países do continente europeu. Assim, procedeu-se à análise comparativa da legislação sobre as árvores monumentais e dos critérios de classificação deste arvoredo, com base nas figuras de proteção legal existentes. Os países foram selecionados com base nos contactos internacionais estabelecidos e na pesquisa desenvolvida, considerando a sua distribuição geográfica. Atendendo à heterogeneidade da legislação existente, a mesma foi agrupada consoante o tipo de proteção jurídica em vigor. Procedeu-se, ainda, à identificação dos critérios mais representativos de classificação do arvoredo alvo de proteção por legislação, anotando-se oito classes, onde se destacam os critérios de longevidade associados a valores histórico e culturais. Foram, igualmente, analisados os inventários online existentes, em cada um dos países da amostra, tendo-se verificado a importância que estes catálogos assumem no reconhecimento público destas árvores, por vezes, monitorizadas durante décadas. O estudo contribuiu para alargar a reflexão sobre a importância que as árvores monumentais assumem a nível natural, como também para as comunidades, enquanto memória individual e coletiva do legado histórico, cultural ou paisagístico que representam. Permitiu, ainda, refletir sobre a importância que a legislação assume na preservação e salvaguarda atual e futura deste património. Palavras-chave: árvores antigas, árvores de interesse público, legislação, critérios de monumentalidade, pesquisa comparada.   Abstract: Monumental Trees: comparative analysis of national and European legislation regarding the protection and enhancement of this natural heritageGiven the lack of European Community legislation on the protection of monumental trees, sought to know the legislative reality in twenty-three countries of the European continent. Thus, we proceeded to the comparative analysis of the legislation on monumental trees and the classification criteria of this grove, based on the existing legal protection figures. Countries were selected based on established international contacts and research developed considering their geographical distribution. Given the heterogeneity of existing legislation, it was grouped according to the type of legal protection in force. We also proceeded to identify the most representative criteria for the classification of trees under protection by legislation, noting eight classes, highlighting the longevity criteria associated with historical and cultural values. Existing online inventories were also analyzed in each of the sample countries, and the importance of these catalogs in the public recognition of these trees, sometimes monitored for decades, was verified. This study has contributed to a broader reflection on the importance that monumental trees assume on a natural level, as well as for communities, as an individual and collective memory of the historical, cultural or landscape legacy they represent. It also allowed to reflect on the importance that the legislation assumes in the preservation and current and future safeguard of this heritage.   Keywords: trees of public interest, legislation, criteria of monumentality, comparative research


Author(s):  
Anjan Adhikari ◽  
Moumita Ray ◽  
Tapas K. Sur ◽  
Sharmistha Biswas ◽  
Anup K. Das

Background: Mangrove flora possess compounds with potential medicinal values with unique bioactive components. Traditionally Rhizophora mucronata, a mangrove has been used extensively for the treatment of diabetes. Studies revealed that, the leaves of Rhizophora (Bhora) had promising anti-diabetic action in rat model.Methods: A comparative analysis of the anti-diabetic action of fresh juice and ethanolic extract of Rhizophora mucronata leaves was carried out in Streptozotocin induced diabetic model and the different biochemical parameters were evaluated.Results: Present research explored a comparative analysis of the anti-diabetic action of fresh juice and ethanolic extract of leaves of Rhizophora mucronata Lam. in Streptozotocin induced diabetic model. The ethanolic extract showed more potent effect in lowering the elevated blood sugar in the diabetic rats, 200mg/kg was the most effective dose for both the extracts. The ethanol extract was more beneficial having potent lipid lowering action along with anti-hyperglycemic property.Conclusions: This supports the scientific validation for using Rhizophora mucronata leaves in the treatment of diabetes as traditional folk medicine. Identification of the bioactive molecule is under process.


Author(s):  
S. Batyreva

Изучение культурного наследия в собраниях музеев призвано зафиксировать в описании художественные традиции народов России. В условиях глобализации, в усиливающемся процессе исчезновения наследия немногочисленных этносов приходит понимание необходимости его сохранения с целью дальнейшего исследования. Российская культура не может быть полноценно изучена вне ее локальных явлений, целенаправленно вводимых в научный оборот. В междисциплинарном музееведческом подходе, сочетающем методы искусствознания, истории и этнокультурологии, анализируется декоративно-прикладное искусство тюрко-монгольских кочевников из музейных собраний Калмыкии, Санкт-Петербурга и Тувы. Экспонаты войлоковаляния, рассматриваемые через призму традиций технической и художественной обработки шерсти, дают возможность выявить архетипы сознания в построении орнаментальной композиции изделий. В декоре войлока, древнейшего материала, созданного в кочевом укладе животноводческого хозяйства, отражены особенности пространственного мировидения номадов. Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, проект 19-512-44002 Народное декоративно-прикладное искусство ойратов Монголии и калмыков России: общее и особенное в сравнительно-сопоставительном анализе.The study of cultural heritage in Museum collections is intended to record the artistic traditions of the peoples of Russia in the description. In the context of globalization, in the increasing process of disappearance of minor groups heritage we come to understanding the need to preserve it for further research. Russian culture cannot be fully examined without its local phenomena, which are purposefully involved into scientific circulation. In an interdisciplinary Museum approach that combines the methods of art history, history, and ethnoculturology. The article analyzes the decorative- applied art of the TurkicMongolian nomads from the Museum collections of Kalmykia, St. Petersburg, and Tuva. Felting exhibits, viewed through the prism of traditions of technical and artistic processing of wool, make it possible to identify archetypes of consciousness in the construction of ornamental composition of products. The decor of felt, the oldest material created in the nomadic way of animal husbandry, reflects the features of the spatial worldview of nomads. The article is prepared with the financial support of the RFBR, project No. 19-512-44002 Folk decorative-applied art of the Oirats of Mongolia and the Kalmyks of Russia: The general and the special in comparative analysis.


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