scholarly journals On the Book of Viсtor Kagan "Autism in Children", 2nd Edition, Supplemented

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
N. Iovchuk ◽  
A. Severniy
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Childhood Autism ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

First published in 1981 and actual until nowadays, the book of Victor Kagan “Autism in Children” reprinted at “Smysl” Publishing House. Based on the vast literature, presented edition of the book describes the history of the development of the problem of autism since the beginning of the 20th century. Author formulates owns’ definition of autism, describes the clinical picture of childhood autism, as well as autism as a psychopathological nonspecific syndrome in the schizophrenia, schizoid psychopathy and paraautistic reactions. The author dwells in detail on the identification of differential diagnostic criteria, treatment and psychotherapy of autism. The book includes a chapter on the epidemiology of childhood autism, the reasons for the dramatic increase in autism indicators, among which the first place is not clinical criteria, but socio-financial benefits. Fundamental papers of L. Kanner and G. Asperger are at the end of the monograph.

Review of: Рикёр П. Genesis, essence and substance in Plato and Aristotle. Course taught at the University of Strasbourg in 1953-1954 / transl. from french G. V. Vdovina. Moscow: Publishing house of humanitarian literature, 2019. 286 p. ISBN 978-5-87121-051-2

2019 ◽  
pp. 279-287
Author(s):  
Алексей Михайлович Гагинский
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Formal Point

Курс лекций П. Рикёра, прочитанный более полувека назад, интересен по ряду причин. Во-первых, потому что он посвящён крайне важной теме — античной онтологии; во-вторых, потому что он был прочитан одним из ведущих философов XX в.; в-третьих, потому что этот философ был крупнейшим представителем герменевтического направления, вследствие чего особенно любопытно проследить, как он читает тексты, без преувеличения, самых важных философов в истории человечества. Впрочем, с формальной точки зрения есть некоторые сомнения в возожности исполнения замысла работы: П. Рикёр всё-таки не антиковед, его знание греческого языка, что видно из текста, весьма скромного уровня; кроме того, изданный текст представляет собой курс лекций, автор которых, как кажется, не столько хочет донести до слушателей результаты кропотливых исследований и продуманных идей, сколько разобраться вместе со студентами в античной онтологии. P. Ricoeur's course of lectures, delivered more than half a century ago, is interesting for a number of reasons. Firstly, because it is devoted to an extremely important topic - ancient ontology; secondly, because it was read by one of the leading philosophers of the 20th century; thirdly, because this philosopher was the biggest representative of the hermeneutic direction, so it is especially interesting to trace how he reads texts of, without exaggeration, the most important philosophers in the history of mankind. However, from the formal point of view, there are some doubts about the feasibility of the idea of the work: Ricoeur is not an antiquarian and his knowledge of Greek, as the text shows, is rather modest; besides, the published text is a course of lectures, the author of which seems to want not so much to convey the results of laborious research and elaborated ideas to his students, as to understand ancient ontology together with the students.

scholarly journals Patterns of Memory in Askold Melnyczuk’s Novels as an Example of Ukrainian-American Émigré Fiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137
Author(s):  
Marta Koval
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
European History ◽  
Family Stories ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Definition Of

Although Ukrainian emigration to North America is not a new phenomenon, the dilemmas of memory and amnesia remain crucial in Ukrainian-American émigré fiction. The paper focuses on selected novels by Askold Melnyczuk (What is Told and Ambassador of the Dead) and analyzes how traumatic memories and family stories of the past shape the American lives of Ukrainian emigrants. The discussion of the selected Ukrainian-American émigré novels focuses on the dilemmas of remembering and forgetting in the construction of both Ukrainian and American narratives of the past. The voluntary amnesia of the Ame- rican-born Ukrainians in Melnyczuk’s novels confronts their parents’ dependence on the past and their inability to abandon it emotionally. Memories of ‘the old country’ make them, similarly to Ada Kruk, ambassadors of the dead. The expression becomes a metaphoric definition of those wrapped by their repressed, fragmentary and sometimes inaccessible memories. Crucial events of European history of the 20th century are inscribed and personalized in the older generation’s stories which their children are reluctant to hear. For them, their parents’ memories became a burden and a shame. Using the concept of transgenerational memory, the paper explores the challenges of postmemory, and eventually its failure. 

The Place of G. F. Stout’s “Thought and Language” (1891) in the History of English Semantics

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 335-347
Author(s):  
Brigitte Nerlich
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Sentence Meaning ◽  
Meaning Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Summary This article is intended to fill a gap in the history of semantics and the history of the psychology of language in England at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century. The work of the psychologist and philosopher George Frederick Stout (1860–1944) is analysed, focusing on an article on ‘thought and language’, published in 1891. In this article Stout proposes a new theory and typology of signs – his contribution to semiotics. He also puts forward a new definition of language as a system of signs and an instrument of communication. Finally, he develops a new conception of word meaning, sentence meaning and meaning in discourse, based on the notion of ‘apperception’. He compares his concept of meaning and meaning change with that of Hermann Paul and uses it to criticize the latters definitions of usual and occasional meaning.

scholarly journals “To Build Out of a New Material with a New Form”. The Arrival of Concrete in Icelandic Architecture and the Rhetoric of Guðmundur Hannesson

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Nannini
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Common People ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
New Form ◽  
Definition Of

The quick modernisation of Iceland, that rapidly took place from the first decades of the 20th century onwards, did not only bring fishing trawlers and cars into the country. Among all the techniques of modernity, concrete [steinsteypa] was to become the key material that changed the built landscape of the island and was soon adopted by the first Icelandic architects, such as Rögnvaldur Ólafsson (1874–1914) and Guðjón Samúelsson (1887–1950). Interestingly, the main supporter of this material was Guðmundur Hannesson (1866–1946), a medical doctor and town planner who wrote several articles and even a guidebook published in 1921 and titled Steinsteypa. Leiðarvísir fyrir alþýðu og viðvaninga [Concrete. Guidebook for Common People and Beginners]. In a country that was seeking an architectural self-representation, he understood the technical and formal possibilities that concrete could offer: he claimed, “people [...] were trying to change, to build out of a new material with a new form” (Guðmundur Hannesson 1926, 14). This essay aims thus to retrace the rhetoric of Guðmundur Hannesson and his role in writing an Icelandic chapter of the history of concrete, from its early stage of unmodern trial-and-error to the definition of a modern Icelandic architecture.

scholarly journals From Reception to Invention: The Arrival of Concrete to Iceland and the Rhetoric of Guðmundur Hannesson

Arts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Sofia Nannini
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Common People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The quick modernisation of Iceland, which took place rapidly from the first decades of the 20th century onwards, brought not only fishing trawlers and cars into the country. Among all the techniques of modernity, steinsteypa [concrete] was to become the key material that changed the built landscape of the island and was soon adopted by the first Icelandic architects, such as Rögnvaldur Ólafsson (1874–1914) and Guðjón Samúelsson (1887–1950). Interestingly, the main supporter of this material was Guðmundur Hannesson (1866–1946), a medical doctor and town planning enthusiast who wrote several articles and even a guidebook published in 1921, Steinsteypa. Leiðarvísir fyrir alþýðu og viðvaninga [Concrete: A Guidebook for Common People and Beginners]. In a country that was seeking an architectural self-representation, he understood the technical and formal possibilities that concrete could offer. By analysing his articles and publications, this essay aims to discuss the rhetoric of Guðmundur Hannesson and his role in writing an Icelandic chapter of the history of concrete, from its early stage of unmodern trial-and-error to the definition of a modern Icelandic architecture.

scholarly journals Alchemy and Creation in the Work of Albertus Magnus

Conatus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Athanasios Rinotas
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Albertus Magnus’ alchemy is a subject that has attracted the attention of the scholars since the early decades of the 20th century. Yet, the research that has been conducted this far is characterised by its non philosophical character. As a matter of fact, the previous studies approached Albertus’ alchemy either in terms of history of science or of intellectual history. In this paper, I focus on Albertus’ definition of alchemical transmutation that is found in his De mineralibus and I analyze it in terms of his theory of creation and of his theory of matter. Therefore, I show whether a re-creation of a metal is in accordance with Albertus’ philosophy and congruently I bring forth the Aristotle Graecus and the Aristotle Latinus that are found as background in his alchemical theory of transmutation. Ultimately this paper aims to show that the aforementioned theory is not an arbitrary statement from Albertus’ part, but the result of a serious philosophical endeavour

scholarly journals Między światami. Rzeczywistość w literaturze – literatura w rzeczywistości – rzeczywistość literatury

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-75
Author(s):  
Danuta Ulicka
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Short History ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Cultural Themes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Theory Of Literature

The author attempts to reconstruct a short history of modern Polish literary studies not from the perspective of schools or methodological orientations that are usually applied, but from the perspective of what is known in sociology as cultural themes. This point of view offers the opportunity to (re)construct the process of continuity /discontinuity in the whole field of research focused on the problem of reference, which has been recognized as the most important one in Polish studies (as well as in Polish literature, and art) since its beginning in the first decade of the 20th century. In the broader scope the article attempts to rearticulate the definition of the discipline conventionally called “the theory of literature”, and to propose a new way of writing its history.

scholarly journals The natural history of primary progressive aphasia: beyond aphasia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hulya Ulugut ◽  
Simone Stek ◽  
Lianne E. E. Wagemans ◽  
Roos J. Jutten ◽  
Maria Antoinette Keulen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Behavioral Disturbances ◽  
Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
Clinical Onset ◽  
History Of

Abstract Introduction Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is divided into three prototypical subtypes that are all characterized by their single core symptom of aphasia. Although later in their course, other cognitive, behavioral, and motor domains may become involved, little is known about the progression profile of each subtype relative to the other subtypes. Methods In this longitudinal retrospective cohort study, based on the recent biomarker-supported diagnostic criteria, 24 subjects diagnosed with semantic variant (svPPA), 22 with non-fluent variant (nfvPPA), and 18 with logopenic variant (lvPPA) were collected and followed up for 1–6 years. Symptom distribution, cognitive test and neuropsychiatric inventory scores, and progression into another syndrome were assessed. Results Over time, lvPPA progressed with broader language problems (PPA-extended) and nfvPPA progressed to mutism, whereas semantic impairment remained the major problem in svPPA. Apart from linguistic problems, svPPA developed pronounced behavioral disturbances, whereas lvPPA exhibited a greater cognitive decline. By contrast, in nfvPPA motor deficits were more common. Furthermore, within 5 years (IQR = 2.5) after clinical onset, 65.6% of the patients additionally fulfilled the clinical criteria for another neurodegenerative syndrome (PPA-plus). Fourteen out of 24 (58%) svPPA patients additionally met the diagnostic criteria of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (5.1 years, IQR = 1.1), whereas the clinical features of 15/18 (83%) lvPPA patients were consistent with Alzheimer disease dementia (4.5 years IQR = 3.4). Furthermore, 12/22 (54%) of the subjects with the nfvPPA progressed to meet the diagnostic criteria of corticobasal syndrome, progressive supranuclear palsy, or motor neuron disease (5.1 years IQR = 3.4). Discussion Despite aphasia being the initial and unique hallmark of the syndrome, our longitudinal results showed that PPA is not a language limited disorder and progression differs widely for each subtype, both with respect to the nature of symptoms and disease duration.

scholarly journals Prof. P. Dubois. Imagination as a cause of illness. Psycho-therapeutic library V. Authorized translation. Moscow. 1912 Publishing house "Science"

1912 ◽  
Vol XIX (3) ◽  
pp. 673-675
Author(s):  
E. Dobrovolskii
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
The Body ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

In the first part of his book, the author gives a definition of what an imaginary illness is, gives a brief history of its development, acquaints the reader with the process of the emergence of representations, while emphasizing what role imagination plays in this process; A number of examples and references to Freud are provided as proof that imagination, especially in people of little intelligence, is the cause of various disorders in the body.

scholarly journals A. A. Blok Working on the Project One Hundred Best Russian Books. Appendix. Russian Writers Ranged by the Date of Birth (18th, 19th and 20th Century)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 109-127
Author(s):  
E. V. Ivanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century

The article examines the history of M. Gorky’s obscure project "One Hundred Best Russian Books", which was to be published at the Publishing House of Z. I. Grzhebin. Blok, N. Gumilev, K. Chukovsky, E. Zamyatin, Ivanov-Razumnik, N. O. Lerner contributed to the project. Block saw it as a chance to summarize the development of the pre-revolutionary Russian literature. The article details Blok’s approach to making the list of one hundred best Russian books; preparatory materials reflecting Block’s guiding principles are also published. The Appendix contains the list of 250 books compiled by Blok at Gorky’s request.

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