scholarly journals Spaced and mass training within cognitive experimental paradigm in the Djungarian hamster Phodopus sungorus: comparative psychological approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
A.A. Novikovskaya ◽  
S.N. Panteleeva ◽  
J.I. Reznikova
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Phodopus Sungorus ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Djungarian Hamster ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Geometric Figures ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
First Time

Ability to shape associations between visual stimuli and a reward under conditions of mass and spaced trainings have been studied for the first time in wild Djungarian hamsters. In a case of a simple task (“spot vs no spot”) 7 from 9 animals solved the problem under condition of mass training, whereas under condition of space training only one individual was successful. In a case of more complex task (“a lesser spot vs a greater one”) 4 from 9 animals were successful under condition of mass training. Taking into account our previous study of Ph.sungorus’s ability to evaluate sets of geometric figures, one can suggest that evaluation of visual stimuli in details is above cognitive competence of this species. Comparative psychological analysis of experimental studies enables us to consider this species a sort of “benchmark”, at least when discriminations of visual stimuli are concerned. In contrast to majority of rodent species as well as genetic lines, the Djungarian hamsters learn to discriminate visual stimuli under conditions of mass training only, that is, they have “short memories”.

Photoperiodically induced changes in the epididymis of the Djungarian hamster, Phodopus sungorus

1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S179-S180 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BERGMANN ◽  
C. LEETZ ◽  
J. SCHINDELMEISER ◽  
E.M. KINDERMANN ◽  
M. KUTZNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phodopus Sungorus ◽  
Djungarian Hamster ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals What voiced obstruents symbolically represent in Japanese: evidence from the Pokémon universe

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24
Author(s):  
Shigeto Kawahara ◽  
Gakuji Kumagai
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
General Issue ◽  
First Time

Abstract Kawahara, Noto, and Kumagai (2018b) found that within the corpus of existing Pokémon names, the number of voiced obstruents in the characters’ names correlates positively with their weight, height, evolution levels and attack values. While later experimental studies to some extent confirmed the productivity of these sound symbolic relationships (e.g. Kawahara and Kumagai 2019a), they are limited, due to the fact that the visual images presented to the participants primarily differed with regard to evolution levels. The current experiments thus for the first time directly explored how each of these semantic dimensions—weight, height, evolution levels, and attack values—correlates with the number of voiced obstruents in nonce names. The results of two judgment experiments show that all of these parameters indeed correlate positively with the number of voiced obstruents in the names. Overall, the results show that a particular class of sounds—in our case, a set of voiced obstruents—can signal different semantic meanings within a single language, supporting the pluripotentiality of sound symbolism (Winter, Pérez-Sobrino, and Brown 2019). We also address another general issue that has been under-explored in the literature on sound symbolism; namely, its cumulative nature. In both of the experiments, we observe that two voiced obstruents evoke stronger images than one voiced obstruent, instantiating what is known as the counting cumulativity effect (Jäger and Rosenbach 2006).

scholarly journals Moral psychology of sex robots: An experimental study − how pathogen disgust is associated with interhuman sex but not interandroid sex

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Koverola ◽  
Marianna Drosinou ◽  
Jussi Palomäki ◽  
Juho Halonen ◽  
Anton Kunnari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sex Worker ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
Sex Robots ◽  
Monogamous Relationship ◽  
Attitudes Toward Sex ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Robotics ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThe idea of sex with robots seems to fascinate the general public, raising both enthusiasm and revulsion. We ran two experimental studies (Ns = 172 and 260) where we compared people’s reactions to variants of stories about a person visiting a bordello. Our results show that paying for the services of a sex robot is condemned less harshly than paying for the services of a human sex worker, especially if the payer is married. We have for the first time experimentally confirmed that people are somewhat unsure about whether using a sex robot while in a committed monogamous relationship should be considered as infidelity. We also shed light on the psychological factors influencing attitudes toward sex robots, including disgust sensitivity and interest in science fiction. Our results indicate that sex with a robot is indeed genuinely considered as sex, and a sex robot is genuinely seen as a robot; thus, we show that standard research methods on sexuality and robotics are also applicable in research on sex robotics.

Effects of task complexity on the learning of genre specific rhetorical moves and linguistic forms: the case of contrast and argumentative essays

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pia Gomez Laich ◽  
Naoko Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
English Learners ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Private University ◽  
Task Group ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Undergraduate Level ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Argumentative Essays

Abstract This study investigates whether task complexity improves L2 English learners’ ability to write contrast and argumentative essays as measured by the use of rhetorical moves and linguistic forms characteristic of these essays. The participants were 62 students in an undergraduate-level composition class in a private university in the U.S. The study involved a first phase that targeted contrast writing and a second phase that targeted argumentative writing. In both phases, students were assigned randomly to a simple or complex task group and wrote an essay in dyads. In terms of rhetorical moves, the complex task group outperformed the simple task group in the immediate and delayed post-test of contrast essays. For argumentative essays, this superiority of the complex group was only found in the immediate post-test. As per linguistic forms, the complex task group outperformed the simple task group in the immediate and delayed post-test of both contrast and argumentative essays.

scholarly journals An Approach to Risk Assessment and Threat Prediction for Complex Object Security Based on a Predicative Self-Configuring Neural System

Symmetry ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Nikolai Vladimirovich Korneev ◽  
Julia Vasilievna Korneeva ◽  
Stasis Petrasovich Yurkevichyus ◽  
Gennady Ivanovich Bakhturin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Complex Object ◽  
Assessment Problems ◽  
First Time

We identified a set of methods for solving risk assessment problems by forecasting an incident of complex object security based on incident monitoring. The solving problem approach includes the following steps: building and training a classification model using the C4.5 algorithm, a decision tree creation, risk assessment system development, and incident prediction. The last system is a predicative self-configuring neural system that includes a SCNN (self-configuring neural network), an RNN (recurrent neural network), and a predicative model that allows for determining the risk and forecasting the probability of an incident for an object. We proposed and developed: a mathematical model of a neural system; a SCNN architecture, where, for the first time, the fundamental problem of teaching a perceptron SCNN was solved without a teacher by adapting thresholds of activation functions of RNN neurons and a special learning algorithm; and a predicative model that includes a fuzzy output system with a membership function of current incidents of the considered object, which belongs to three fuzzy sets, namely “low risk”, “medium risk”, and “high risk”. For the first time, we gave the definition of the base class of an object’s prediction and SCNN, and the fundamental problem of teaching a perceptron SCNN was solved without a teacher. We propose an approach to neural system implementation for multiple incidents of complex object security. The results of experimental studies of the forecasting error at the level of 2.41% were obtained.

Sex differences in the distribution of adipose tissue in the Djungarian hamster Phodopus sungorus

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1325-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Pond ◽  
Dawn Sadler ◽  
Christine A. Mattacks
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Phodopus Sungorus ◽  
Djungarian Hamster

scholarly journals Blastocystis ratti Contains Cysteine Proteases That Mediate Interleukin-8 Response from Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells in an NF-κB-Dependent Manner

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj K. Puthia ◽  
Jia Lu ◽  
Kevin S. W. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Blastocystis is a ubiquitous enteric protozoan found in the intestinal tracts of humans and a wide range of animals. Evidence accumulated over the last decade suggests association of Blastocystis with gastrointestinal disorders involving diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, nausea, and fatigue. Clinical and experimental studies have associated Blastocystis with intestinal inflammation, and it has been shown that Blastocystis has potential to modulate the host immune response. Blastocystis is also reported to be an opportunistic pathogen in immunosuppressed patients, especially those suffering from AIDS. However, nothing is known about the parasitic virulence factors and early events following host-parasite interactions. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which Blastocystis activates interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene expression in human colonic epithelial T84 cells. We demonstrate for the first time that cysteine proteases of Blastocystis ratti WR1, a zoonotic isolate, can activate IL-8 gene expression in human colonic epithelial cells. Furthermore, we show that NF-κB activation is involved in the production of IL-8. In addition, our findings show that treatment with the antiprotozoal drug metronidazole can avert IL-8 production induced by B. ratti WR1. We also show for the first time that the central vacuole of Blastocystis may function as a reservoir for cysteine proteases. Our findings will contribute to an understanding of the pathobiology of a poorly studied parasite whose public health importance is increasingly recognized.

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