scholarly journals ERP Correlates of Performance Monitoring: a Mouse-Tracking Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-114
Author(s):  
V.A. Medvedev ◽  
K.E. Sayfulina ◽  
A.M. Rytikova ◽  
B.V. Chernyshev
Keyword(s):  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Initiation Time ◽  
Movement Duration ◽  
Mouse Tracking ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Behavioral Adaptations ◽  
Mouse Movement ◽  
Behavioral Parameter ◽  
Stimulus Identification

Performance monitoring involves detection of action outcomes and initiation of appropriate behavioral adaptations. Psychophysiological mechanisms of performance monitoring remain largely understudied in the context of uncertainty that arises at the stage of stimulus identification and decision making, as well as in the context of inhibition/correction of the motor response. In the current study, we investigate relations between behavioral performance measures and several ERP components: N2, ERN/CRN and Pe. Participants performed a condensation task and made their responses by moving mouse cursor. Response registration using mouse tracking allowed us to obtain two independent behavioral measures: mouse movement initiation time and movement duration. Amplitude of N2 and CRN was dependent on movement initiation time: N2 was increased and CRN was decreased for ‘late’ correct responses compared with ‘early’ correct ones; this finding is compatible with the explanation that ‘late’ responses involve higher pre-response conflict and higher uncertainty compared with ‘early’ ones. Movement duration time was a novel independent behavioral parameter, that cannot be measured using traditional keystrokes. This behavioral measure was related to the early Pe: its amplitude was more positive for ‘long’ responses compared with ‘short’ ones. This finding may be explained by mechanisms of an ongoing response inhibition. We suggest that this effect is linked to response stopping, which may be related to outcome awareness.

scholarly journals Influence of Chronic Stroke on Functional Arm Reaching: Quantifying Deficits in the Ipsilesional Upper Extremity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Savitha Subramaniam ◽  
Rini Varghese ◽  
Tanvi Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Initiation Time ◽  
Peak Acceleration ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
And Performance

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to quantify ipsilesional upper extremity (UE) stand-reaching performance (kinematics and kinetics) among chronic stroke survivors.Method. Community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors (n=13) and age-similar healthy adults (n=13) performed flexion- and abduction-reaching tasks. Surface EMG and acceleration were sampled using wireless sensors from the prime movers (anterior and middle deltoid) and provided performance-outcome (reaction time, burst duration, movement time, and movement initiation time) and performance-production (peak acceleration) measures and were then evaluated.Results. Individuals with chronic stroke demonstrated significantly reduced performance outcomes (i.e., longer reaction time, burst duration, movement time, and movement initiation time) and performance production ability (i.e., smaller peak acceleration) compared to their healthy counterparts (p< 0.05) for both flexion- and abduction-reaching movements.Conclusion. Our results are suggestive of post-stroke deficits in ipsilesional motor execution during a stand-reaching task. Based on these findings, it is essential to integrate ipsilesional UE training into rehabilitation interventions as this might aid functional reaching activities of daily living and could ultimately help community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors maintain their independent living.

scholarly journals Error-Related Activity in Striatal Local Field Potentials and Medial Frontal Cortex: Evidence From Patients With Severe Opioid Abuse Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Sildatke ◽  
Thomas Schüller ◽  
Theo O. J. Gründler ◽  
Markus Ullsperger ◽  
Veerle Visser-Vandewalle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Field ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Error Processing ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Error Awareness ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Behavioral Adaptations

For successful goal-directed behavior, a performance monitoring system is essential. It detects behavioral errors and initiates behavioral adaptations to improve performance. Two electrophysiological potentials are known to follow errors in reaction time tasks: the error-related negativity (ERN), which is linked to error processing, and the error positivity (Pe), which is associated with subjective error awareness. Furthermore, the correct-related negativity (CRN) is linked to uncertainty about the response outcome. Here we attempted to identify the involvement of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the aforementioned performance monitoring processes. To this end, we simultaneously recorded cortical activity (EEG) and local field potentials (LFP) during a flanker task performed by four patients with severe opioid abuse disorder who underwent electrode implantation in the NAc for deep brain stimulation. We observed significant accuracy-related modulations in the LFPs at the time of the ERN/CRN in two patients and at the time of Pe in three patients. These modulations correlated with the ERN in 2/8, with CRN in 5/8 and with Pe in 6/8, recorded channels, respectively. Our results demonstrate the functional interrelation of striatal and cortical processes in performance monitoring specifically related to error processing and subjective error awareness.

Unpacking the justifiability of dishonesty: Behavioral and process-tracing investigation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emir Efendic ◽  
František Bartoš ◽  
Marek Albert Vranka ◽  
Štěpán Bahník
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Automatic Process ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Mouse Tracking ◽  
Initial Direction ◽  
Mouse Movement

When an opportunity to cheat is present, having a justification increases the chance that people will take it. We report a study where people made choices whether to cheat for their own or the charity’s benefit, without a cost to the other party or at its expense. Social and situational justifications were manipulated by varying the beneficiary of cheating and ambiguity of cheating to make it easier for people to cheat. We found that people cheated less in the trials where cheating for one beneficiary was at the expense of the other party. Using mouse-tracking data, we examined whether cheating was relatively deliberate or automatic. People hesitated more on trials where they were tempted to cheat, but there was no change in the initial direction of mouse movement on such trials. Our results suggest that cheating is not an automatic process, that justifications have a similar impact on cheating for oneself and others, and that people might be wary of cheating for one party at the expense of another.

scholarly journals Non-selective inhibition of the motor system following unexpected and expected infrequent events

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly Iacullo ◽  
Darcy A. Diesburg ◽  
Jan R. Wessel
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Simple Reaction Time Task ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Behavioral Adaptations ◽  
Environmental Events

AbstractMotor inhibition is a key control mechanism that allows humans to rapidly adapt their actions in response to environmental events. One of the hallmark signatures of rapidly exerted, reactive motor inhibition is the non-selective suppression of cortico-spinal excitability (CSE): unexpected sensory stimuli lead to a suppression of CSE across the entire motor system, even in muscles that are inactive. Theories suggest that this reflects a fast, automatic, and broad engagement of inhibitory control, which facilitates behavioral adaptations to unexpected changes in the sensory environment. However, it is an open question whether such non-selective CSE suppression is truly due to the unexpected nature of the sensory event, or whether it is sufficient for an event to be merely infrequent (but not unexpected). Here, we report data from two experiments in which human subjects experienced both unexpected and expected infrequent events during a simple reaction time task while CSE was measured from a task-unrelated muscle. We found that expected infrequent events can indeed produce non-selective CSE suppression – but only when they occur during movement initiation. In contrast, unexpected infrequent events produce non-selective CSE suppression even in the absence of movement initiation. Moreover, CSE suppression due to unexpected events occurs at shorter latencies compared to expected infrequent events. These findings demonstrate that unexpectedness and stimulus infrequency have qualitatively different suppressive effects on the motor system. They also have key implications for studies that seek to disentangle neural and psychological processes related to motor inhibition and stimulus detection.

scholarly journals CHITAS - a mouse tracking system in a web environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Jevremović ◽  
Nenad Ristić ◽  
Mladen Veinović
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Mouse Tracking ◽  
Laboratory Environment ◽  
Web Environment ◽  
Mouse Movement ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
Analytical Processing

Eye tracking may be very effective and has great potential in user interface optimisation. The main disadvantage of tracking what a user is looking at is the need for complex and expensive equipment, and a controlled laboratory environment. Mouse tracking is a widely applicable alternative to eye tracking. This paper presents the architecture of CHITAS (Computer-Human Interaction Tracking and Analytics System) which enables information to be gathered about mouse movement in a web environment, and analytical processing of the collected data.

scholarly journals Tracking Response Dynamics of Sequential Working Memory in Patients With Mild Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanyu Zhang ◽  
Jinghong Ma ◽  
Piu Chan ◽  
Zheng Ye
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Movement Trajectory ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Initiation Time ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Actual Movement

The ability to sequence thoughts and actions is impaired in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In PD, a distinct error pattern has been found in the offline performance of sequential working memory. This study examined how PD’s performance of sequential working memory unfolds over time using mouse tracking techniques. Non-demented patients with mild PD (N = 40) and healthy controls (N = 40) completed a computerized digit ordering task with a computer mouse. We measured response dynamics in terms of the initiation time, ordering time, movement time, and area under the movement trajectory curve. This approach allowed us to distinguish between the cognitive processes related to sequence processing before the actual movement (initiation time and ordering time) and the execution processes of the actual movement (movement time and area under the curve). PD patients showed longer initiation times, longer movement times, and more constrained movement trajectories than healthy controls. The initiation time and ordering time negatively correlated with the daily exposure to levodopa and D2/3 receptor agonists, respectively. The movement time positively correlated with the severity of motor symptoms. We demonstrated an altered temporal profile of sequential working memory in PD. Stimulating D1 and D2/3 receptors might speed up the maintenance and manipulation of sequences, respectively.

Phonatory Reaction Times of Rheumatoid Arthritic and Normal Females

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Mathers-Schmidt ◽  
Alan Reich
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Morning Stiffness ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Afternoon Session ◽  
Initiation Time ◽  
Manual Response ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Rheumatoid Arthritic ◽  
Temporal Measures

This study examined the degree to which rheumatoid arthritis affects a speaker's ability to accomplish rapid vocal fold adjustments. The phonatory initiation, phonatory termination, and manual reaction times of 14 rheumatoid arthritic (RA) and 14 normal (NL) speakers were compared during a morning and an afternoon session. In addition, electroglottographic (EGG) measures (0 Hz-10 kHz bandwidth and 30 Hz-10 kHz bandwidth) allowed us to explore the components of each subject's reaction times. For two speech reaction-time tasks, temporal measures that reflected primarily mechanical adjustments of the vocal folds were significantly longer in the RA group than in the NL group. The two groups also differed significantly on manual response time, phonatory initiation time, and medial movement initiation time. Neither group displayed evidence of laryngeal morning stiffness.

scholarly journals Decision landscapes: visualizing mouse-tracking data

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 170482 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zgonnikov ◽  
A. Aleni ◽  
P. T. Piiroinen ◽  
D. O'Hora ◽  
M. di Bernardo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Mouse Tracking ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mouse Cursor ◽  
Mouse Movement ◽  
Decision Dynamics ◽  
Rich Data

Computerized paradigms have enabled gathering rich data on human behaviour, including information on motor execution of a decision, e.g. by tracking mouse cursor trajectories. These trajectories can reveal novel information about ongoing decision processes. As the number and complexity of mouse-tracking studies increase, more sophisticated methods are needed to analyse the decision trajectories. Here, we present a new computational approach to generating decision landscape visualizations based on mouse-tracking data. A decision landscape is an analogue of an energy potential field mathematically derived from the velocity of mouse movement during a decision. Visualized as a three-dimensional surface, it provides a comprehensive overview of decision dynamics. Employing the dynamical systems theory framework, we develop a new method for generating decision landscapes based on arbitrary number of trajectories. This approach not only generates three-dimensional illustration of decision landscapes, but also describes mouse trajectories by a number of interpretable parameters. These parameters characterize dynamics of decisions in more detail compared with conventional measures, and can be compared across experimental conditions, and even across individuals. The decision landscape visualization approach is a novel tool for analysing mouse trajectories during decision execution, which can provide new insights into individual differences in the dynamics of decision making.

scholarly journals Decision landscapes: visualizing mouse-tracking data

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkady Zgonnikov ◽  
Andrea Aleni ◽  
Petri Tomas Piiroinen ◽  
Denis O'Hora ◽  
Mario di Bernardo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Mouse Tracking ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mouse Cursor ◽  
Mouse Movement ◽  
Decision Dynamics ◽  
Rich Data

Computerized paradigms have enabled gathering rich data on human behaviour, including information on motor execution of a decision, e.g. by tracking mouse cursor trajectories. These trajectories can reveal novel information about ongoing decision processes. As the number and complexity of mouse-tracking studies increase, more sophisticated methods are needed to analyse the decision trajectories. Here, we present a new computational approach to generating decision landscape visualizations based on mouse-tracking data. A decision landscape is an analogue of an energy potential field mathematically derived from the velocity of mouse movement during a decision. Visualized as a three-dimensional surface, it provides a comprehensive overview of decision dynamics. Employing the dynamical systems theory framework, we develop a new method for generating decision landscapes based on arbitrary number of trajectories. This approach not only generates three-dimensional illustration of decision landscapes, but also describes mouse trajectories by a number of interpretable parameters. These parameters characterize dynamics of decisions in more detail compared with conventional measures, and can be compared across experimental conditions, and even across individuals. The decision landscape visualization approach is a novel tool for analysing mouse trajectories during decision execution, which can provide new insights into individual differences in the dynamics of decision making.

Discerning Mouse Trajectory Features with Drift Diffusion Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Leontyev ◽  
Takashi Yamauchi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Mouse Tracking ◽  
Mouse Cursor ◽  
Traditional Design ◽  
Mouse Movement ◽  
Trajectory Features ◽  
The Relationship

In decision-making tasks, participants are commonly instructed to respond by pressing a key. This design provides information about how fast and accurate an individual can respond but does not allow a researcher to directly study the process of response selection. Recently, mouse cursor tracking has been applied to offset this limitation. However, it is unclear whether RT/accuracy-based measures and mouse movement features (e.g. velocity) assess the same cognitive processes. To clarify the relationship between mouse movement features and cognitive processes, we developed mouse-tracking versions of the stop-signal and delay discounting tasks and investigated a) whether people respond similarly in the tasks with traditional design and tasks employing mouse cursor tracking; b) which features of the decision-making process mouse movement measures correspond with. Although participants responded similarly in tasks with traditional and mouse tracking design, only a few mouse movement features were related to the elements of the decision-making process.

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