scholarly journals Moral Orientation Dynamics in Adolescence and Youth

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 134-146
Author(s):  
S.V. Molchanov ◽  
O.S. Markina
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Moral Orientation ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Different Levels

The problem of moral development is actual for modern psychology. Modern conception of moral development defines two main principles in the basis of moral orientation: care principle and justice principle. Adolescence and youth are sensitive period to develop moral orientation. 139 subjects from three age groups: young adolescents, older adolescents and youth took part in the investigation. Results shows age dynamic of moral judgments preferences, moral dilemma solving with different levels of motivation to achieve and be approved.

scholarly journals Moral Development in Structure of Legal and Cultural Organisation of Adolescent Personality with Critical Social Deviations

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-275
Author(s):  
N.A. Slavova ◽  
V.A. Chvyakin
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Moral Consciousness ◽  
Illegal Behavior ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Critical Social

The article describes the moral development in the structure of the legal and cultural organization of the personality of an adolescent with criticla social deviations. The problem of the study is a moral field of the personality of adolescents. The process of formation of moral judgments with regard to its dynamics from preconventional to postconventional levels of development in adolescents with illegal behavior is considered. A total of 60 adolescents with aggressive asocial behavior between the age of 14 and 17 were examined; they were suspected of committing various offenses; the criminal proceedings were instituted against them. The subjects were divided into two age groups: the first group is 14–15 years old, the second - 16–17 years old. The factor of residence of the subjects was taken into account (residents of Moscow and those who came from different regions of the Russian Federation). L. Kohlberg's technique was used to reveal the peculiarities of moral consciousness in the examined persons. The attention was paid to the levels of development of moral consciousness (preconventional, conventional and postconventional levels). The finding of the study is data about the development degree of moral judgments of adolescents with critical social deviations. The information on the age determination of moral development and depending on the region of residence of the subject is obtained.

scholarly journals Investigating Adolescent Discourse in Critical Thinking: Monologic Responses to Stories Containing a Moral Dilemma

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 630-643
Author(s):  
Adele K. Wallis ◽  
Marleen F. Westerveld ◽  
Allison M. Waters ◽  
Pamela C. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developmental Task ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Language Sampling ◽  
Older Adolescents

Purpose The adolescent developmental task of establishing autonomy from parents is supported through various aspects of executive functioning, including critical thinking. Our aim was to investigate younger and older adolescent language performance in form, content, and use in response to a moral dilemma task. Method Forty-four typically developing adolescents completed a language sampling task, responding to stories that contained a moral dilemma for one of the characters. Two age groups participated: younger adolescents ( n = 24, 12;2–13;11 [years;months]) and older adolescents ( n = 20, 16;1–17;11). Participants produced a monologue in response to an open-ended question prompt. Responses were transcribed and analyzed for discourse production on measures of form (verbal productivity and syntactic complexity) and content (semantic diversity and word percentages in three semantic domains: affective, social, and cognitive). Language use was evaluated using a coding system based on Bloom's revised taxonomy of thinking. Results There were no significant group differences in performance on measures of syntactic complexity and semantic diversity. Significant differences were found in adolescents' language using Bloom's revised taxonomy. The younger adolescents demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of utterances at Level 1 (remembering and understanding) compared to older adolescents, while the older age group produced a higher proportion at Level 3 (evaluating and creating). Conclusions The moral dilemma task was effective in demonstrating the growth of adolescent language skills in use of language for critical thinking. The results highlight the clinical utility of the moral dilemma task in engaging adolescents in discourse involving critical thinking, whereas the associated coding scheme, based on Bloom's revised taxonomy of thinking, may differentiate levels of critical thinking and provide direction for intervention.

scholarly journals Social seeking declines in young adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 170029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indu Dubey ◽  
Danielle Ropar ◽  
Antonia F de C. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Change ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Trial Participants ◽  
Screen Touch ◽  
Different Levels

The desire to engage with others is an important motivational force throughout our lifespan. It is known that social behaviour and preferences change from childhood to adulthood, but whether this change is linked with any changes in social motivation is not known. We evaluated 255 typically developing participants from ages 4–20 years on a behavioural paradigm ‘Choose a Movie’ (CAM). On every trial, participants had a choice between viewing social or non-social movies presented with different levels of effort (key presses/screen touch required). Hence, participants chose not only the movie they would watch but also how much effort they would make. The difference between the effort levels of the chosen and not chosen stimuli helps in quantifying the motivation to seek it. This task could be used with all the age groups with minimal adaptations, allowing comparison between the groups. Results showed that children (4–8 years), older adolescents (12–16 years) and young adults (17–20 years) made more effort to look at social movies. Counterintuitively, this preference was not seen in young adolescents (around 9–12 years), giving a U-shaped developmental trajectory over the population. We present the first evidence for non-monotonic developmental change in social motivation in typical participants.

scholarly journals Association Between Severity of Adolescents’ Peer Problems and Moral Judgment Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Najia Zulfiqar
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Peer Relations ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Behavior Theory ◽  
Peer Problems ◽  
Problem Behavior Theory ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Growing Age

Previous studies supported that adolescents’ moral judgment decreases as their peer problems increase in severity. The objective of the present research was to examine peer problems as a predictor of adolescents’ moral judgment development based upon Jessor’s problem behavior theory and Gibbs moral development theory. It was hypothesized that moral judgment increases with growing age and thus, older adolescents are expected to be at higher stages of moral judgment development than younger adolescents. It was also assumed that adolescents with severe peer problems will be at lower level of moral judgment development than their counterparts. The younger adolescents (n = 140; M = 13.1 year) and older adolescents (n = 147; M = 19 year) were compared on measures of Index of Peer Relations and Padua Moral Judgment Scale. The findings showed that adolescents’ moral judgment development declined with an increase in peer problems, particularly during late adolescence. Adolescents who reported having moderate and severe peer problems had lower level of moral judgment development than those with no and mild peer problems. Findings provided guideline for future researchers and practitioners.

scholarly journals Examination of Future Psychologists Empathy Level

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
S. Dmitrieva ◽  
O. Machushnyk
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Different Levels

In current conditions, the priority of young people's preparation for life and work is especially important. Consequently, the requirements for the training of a future psychologist are also changing. One of the essential properties of a psychologist, necessary for the successful implementation of their activities, is empathy. The problem of empathy is one of the most difficult psychological sciences. The implacability of this phenomenon for researchers confirms the diversity in the definitions of its essence, mechanisms, functions, the role of empathy in the personality moral development, prosocial behaviour, altruism, and others like that. The presence of the appropriate level of empathic properties of students-psychologists acts as a condition for the formation of their professional compliance. Subjective factors of empathy formation: value sphere of personality, type of interpersonal relations, level of self-centeredness, type of accentuation of character, types of attitudes to different spheres of life, level of subjective control. Therefore, in the article, empathy development is studied in students who get a psychologist's degree. It is determined that in general subjects have average empathy level. By dividing students into groups, according to their level of empathy, it has been established that different value orientations characterize boys with different levels of empathy. It is determined that the overwhelming majority of respondents have a mean self-centeredness level. It was found that the obtained data provide an opportunity for further development of empathy among students. As a result of our research, we are convinced that the objective factors for the formation of empathy are: the perception of other people, the maturity of the individual. Our research is not exhaustive; our further development will concern the deepening of the ideas about the empathy component of the personality of the future psychologist and the methods of its development.  

A Wholistic Approach to a Compassionate and Flourishing Life

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Agnes M.F. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moral Conflict ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Moral Uncertainty ◽  
Personal Relations ◽  
Transformative Approach ◽  
Moral Resilience

In this chapter, the author looks at some additional ingredients that are essential for leading a compassionate, flourishing life. They include psychological well-being, ethics, and moral resilience, as well as social engagement and principled compassionate actions. The author shows that counselling, coaching, and psychotherapy can bring about additional clarity, openness, and deep healing. The author also looks at the importance of moral resilience to deal with moral challenges that include moral uncertainty, moral conflict, and moral dilemma. The author shows that moral development consists of four components: moral sensitivity, judgment/reasoning, motivation, and character/courage, and describes how following the precepts could aid in moral development and building moral resilience. Last, the author shows that a truly transformative approach to living a compassionate life needs to address not only our personal relations to suffering, but also acknowledge that personal suffering has societal causes which require us to be socially engaged through principled compassionate actions.

Perceived Exertion in Isometric Muscular Contractions Related to Age, Muscle, Force Level and Duration

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Deeb ◽  
Colin G. Drury
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Isometric Contractions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Different Levels

This research was concerned with studying the development and growth of perceived effort of long-term isometric contractions as a function of muscle group (biceps vs quadriceps), of subjects with different age groups (20–29 vs. 50–59 years old) on long-term muscular isometric contractions (5 minutes) at different levels of %MVC (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 %MVC). An experiment testing 20 subjects each performing 10 conditions (two muscle groups × five levels of %MVC) showed that the older age group reported Significantly higher perceived exertion at higher levels of %MVC and across time. Furthermore, subjects experienced a higher and faster increase in their perceived exertion when the level of %MVC and time increased.

scholarly journals Loneliness in the lives of Danish adolescents: Associations with health and sleep

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice M. Eccles ◽  
Pamela Qualter ◽  
Katrine R. Madsen ◽  
Bjørn E. Holstein
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Single Item ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

Aims: We examined the relationship between loneliness and health among young adolescents. We also investigated the validity of a single-item measure of loneliness by comparing this to a composite score. Methods: The current data come from a nationally representative sample of 11- to 15-year-old adolescents ( N=3305; F=52%) from Denmark collected in 2014 as part of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) collaborative cross-national survey. Results: A series of binary logistic regressions showed that higher loneliness among adolescents, whether measured using the single- or multi-item measurement, was associated with poorer self-rated health, higher frequency of headache, stomach ache, backache, difficulties sleeping, greater sleep disturbance and more instances of feeling tired in the morning. Those associations were relatively consistent across sex and age groups. Conclusions: Loneliness is associated with poorer self-reported health and sleep problems among young adolescents. Those findings are similar across two measures of loneliness, suggesting robust findings. The development of interventions and health-education efforts to fight loneliness in adolescence is important.

scholarly journals Interindividual Differences in the Sensitivity for Consequences, Moral Norms, and Preferences for Inaction: Relating Basic Personality Traits to the CNI Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1013-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meike Kroneisen ◽  
Daniel W. Heck
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Multinomial Model ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
General Preference ◽  
High Emotionality ◽  
Measure Sensitivity

Research on moral decision making usually focuses on two ethical principles: the principle of utilitarianism (= morality of an action is determined by its consequences) and the principle of deontology (= morality of an action is valued according to the adherence to moral norms regardless of the consequences). Criticism on traditional moral dilemma research includes the reproach that consequences and norms are confounded in standard paradigms. As a remedy, a multinomial model (the CNI model) was developed to disentangle and measure sensitivity to consequences ( C), sensitivity to moral norms ( N), and general preference for inaction versus action ( I). In two studies, we examined the link of basic personality traits to moral judgments by fitting a hierarchical Bayesian version of the CNI model. As predicted, high Honesty–Humility was selectively associated with sensitivity for norms, whereas high Emotionality was selectively associated with sensitivity for consequences. However, Conscientiousness was not associated with a preference for inaction.

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