scholarly journals Loneliness in the lives of Danish adolescents: Associations with health and sleep

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice M. Eccles ◽  
Pamela Qualter ◽  
Katrine R. Madsen ◽  
Bjørn E. Holstein
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Single Item ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

Aims: We examined the relationship between loneliness and health among young adolescents. We also investigated the validity of a single-item measure of loneliness by comparing this to a composite score. Methods: The current data come from a nationally representative sample of 11- to 15-year-old adolescents ( N=3305; F=52%) from Denmark collected in 2014 as part of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) collaborative cross-national survey. Results: A series of binary logistic regressions showed that higher loneliness among adolescents, whether measured using the single- or multi-item measurement, was associated with poorer self-rated health, higher frequency of headache, stomach ache, backache, difficulties sleeping, greater sleep disturbance and more instances of feeling tired in the morning. Those associations were relatively consistent across sex and age groups. Conclusions: Loneliness is associated with poorer self-reported health and sleep problems among young adolescents. Those findings are similar across two measures of loneliness, suggesting robust findings. The development of interventions and health-education efforts to fight loneliness in adolescence is important.

scholarly journals School-based epidemiology study of myopia in Tianjin, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 2213-2222
Author(s):  
Jiaxing Wang ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Zhenyang Zhao ◽  
Nan Wei ◽  
Xiaoli Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Optimal Cutoff ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
School Based ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Spherical Equivalent Refraction ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose To study the epidemiology of myopia in school-aged children in Tianjin and the relationship between visual acuity-based screening and refraction-based screening. Method This school-based prospective cohort study was performed on children from 42 elementary schools and 17 middle schools in Tianjin, China. Totally 14,551 children, ages ranging from 5 to 16 years, were included in this study. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was determined by logarithmic tumbling E chart. Non-cycloplegic photorefraction was examined by the Spot (v2.1.4) photoscreener. The relationship between the UCVA and refractive error was investigated for different age groups. Results The overall prevalence of myopia at this school based screen is 78.2%, ranged from 10% at age of 5 to 95% at age of 16. The most dramatic increase in prevalence is from age of 6 (14.8%) to age of 7 (38.5%). The overall prevalence of high myopia is 2.5%. UCVA is found corresponding to spherical equivalent refraction (SER) in a manner of normal distribution and is significantly affected by age. When using UCVA to estimate the prevalence of myopia, the overall sensitivity and specificity are 0.824 and 0.820, respectively. Age-dependent optimal cutoff points and 95% confident intervals of such estimation are reported. Conclusions Myopia is heavily affecting school-aged children in Tianjin, China. The refraction screening is preferable for myopia screening, whereas the UCVA screening results need to be interpreted in an age-dependent manner for myopia estimation.

Young People’s Perspectives in Developing a Survey Item on Factors That Influence Body Image

Young ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 54S-72S
Author(s):  
Ursula Kenny ◽  
Michal Molcho ◽  
Colette Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Young People ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Survey Item ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Nationally Representative

Body image concerns are prevalent among adolescents; however, a single item assessing what influences their body image does not exist. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a survey item on the factors influencing adolescent body image for inclusion in a nationally representative health behaviour survey. This article describes the methodology used to develop a survey item and the results obtained through its inclusion in the survey. The research design included a literature review, consultation work with young people and data analyses of the new survey item included in the survey. Results from the current study revealed that a variety of factors influence adolescent body image, some of which have been overlooked in the traditional body image literature to date. This study demonstrates consultation with young people can contribute to the development of quantitative measures.

scholarly journals Institutions, Incorporation, and Inequality: The Case of Minority Health Inequalities in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyas Bakhtiari ◽  
Sigrun Olafsdottir ◽  
Jason Beckfield
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Minority Health ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Immigrant Incorporation ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Relationship

Scholars interested in the relationship between social context and health have recently turned attention further “upstream” to understand how political, social, and economic institutions shape the distribution of life chances across contexts. We compare minority health inequalities across 22 European countries ( N = 199,981) to investigate how two such arrangements—welfare state effort and immigrant incorporation policies—influence the distribution of health and health inequalities. We examine two measures of health from seven waves of the European Social Survey. Results from a series of multilevel mixed-effects models show that minority health inequalities vary across contexts and persist after accounting for socioeconomic differences. Cross-level interaction results show that welfare state effort is associated with better health for all groups but is unrelated to levels of inequality between groups. In contrast, policies aimed at protecting minorities from discrimination correlate with smaller relative health inequalities.

Television Viewing, Computer Use, and a Hostile Perception of Classmates Among Adolescents From 34 Countries

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kuntsche ◽  
Mary Overpeck ◽  
Lorenza Dallago
Keyword(s):  
Computer Use ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Explained Variation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Classmate Support

The present study investigated the relationship between adolescents’ perception of a lack of classmate support and their individual and their respective culture’s daily amounts of television viewing and computer use. We tested multilevel regression models based on data from the responses of 150 552 adolescents aged 11, 13, and 15 years from 34 cultures who participated in the 2001-2002 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey. Results revealed that the average amount of television viewing in the respective adolescents’ culture explained variation in their perception of a lack of classmate support in addition to their own amount of television viewing. No effect for computer use was found. It appears that, in countries in which a great deal of television is consumed, everyone is affected and not only those who watch a high amount of television. This adds to concerns about television viewing as a significant risk to the health of adolescents.

Every coin has two sides: the case of thriving at work

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Eduardo André da Silva Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Thriving At Work

Abstract Drawing upon the thriving at work and agism literature, we added unexplored thriving antecedents (i.e., negative age-based metastereotypes and associated reactions) to the thriving nomological network. Additionally, we investigated the thriving-turnover intentions link throughout the lifespan. Parallel multiple mediator models were used to analyze the role played by threat and challenge in the relationship between negative age-based metastereotypes and overall thriving. Survey results (n = 326 employees) showed that threat and challenge mediated this relationship, yet differential relationships between antecedents and thriving appeared when analyzing thriving dimensions (i.e., learning and vitality) separately. Relatedly, turnover intentions were negatively predicted by overall thriving, but learning and vitality effects on turnover intentions were distinct across age groups. Findings recommend a clearer distinction between thriving dimensions role in the thriving experience throughout the lifespan. Overall, this study contends that the combination of thriving and agism literature contributes to further understand employee growth.

Motivations for Adolescent Physical Activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana M. Litt ◽  
Ronald J. Iannotti ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Health Need ◽  
The Relationship

Background:Motivating adolescents to maintain levels of physical activity (PA) is important because regular PA in adolescence contributes to physical, psychological, and social well-being and PA during adolescence has been associated with activity levels in adulthood.Purpose:The overall aim of this study is to validate a measure of external reward, health values, and personal interest motivations for adolescent PA developed by Wold and Kannas and to examine the relationship between these motivations and level of PA.Methods:A nationally representative sample of 9011 adolescents completed the Health Behavior in School-aged Children survey instrument. Ten items were used to measure PA motivations. Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were applied to test the 3-factor structure of the motivation scale and to examine the relationship between the 3 motivations and PA.Results:The Wold and Kannas’s motivation measure assessed external, social, and health motivations which predicted PA in adolescents.Conclusions:The Wold and Kannas’s motivation measure is suitable for assessing motivations for PA in US adolescents and may contribute to both theoretical and intervention studies that address this public health need.

scholarly journals Developmental trajectories of metacognitive processing and executive function from childhood to older age

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1757-1773
Author(s):  
Roberto Filippi ◽  
Andrea Ceccolini ◽  
Eva Periche-Tomas ◽  
Peter Bright
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Bilingual Literature ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Metacognitive Processing

The modern understanding of the term metacognition encompasses two levels of processing: a lower level awareness or knowledge of one’s own thoughts and a higher level regulation or control of our thinking. Metacognition, therefore, bears conceptual similarity with executive function: both are concerned with top-down monitoring and control of cognition in the service of ongoing goal-directed behaviour. Previous studies have shown a possible executive function advantage in multilingual speakers but also a possible disadvantage in metacognitive processing. To progress theory on metacognitive processing and the relationship with executive function and linguistic experience across the lifespan, we conducted a study testing 330 healthy individuals in four age groups from 7 to 80 years old. All participants performed a metacognition task and two measures of executive function, which included the Simon task and the Tower of London task. Half the participants were multilingual speakers since birth. We built developmental trajectories of metacognitive and executive function across the lifespan. The best metacognitive efficiency was observed in mid-adulthood, whereas the best executive function processing reached its peak in young adulthood. A steep cognitive decline was observed in older age, while metacognitive efficiency was preserved. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that metacognition and executive function are served by different factors across all ages. Contrary to previous findings in the bilingual literature, a multilinguistic experience conferred neither any significant advantage nor disadvantage in both executive function and metacognitive processing across the lifespan.

scholarly journals Psychological distress among people with probable COVID-19 infection: analysis of the UK Household Longitudinal Study

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L. Niedzwiedz ◽  
Michaela Benzeval ◽  
Kirsten Hainey ◽  
Alastair H. Leyland ◽  
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

Summary Studies exploring the longer-term effects of experiencing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on mental health are lacking. We explored the relationship between reporting probable COVID-19 symptoms in April 2020 and psychological distress (measured using the General Health Questionnaire) 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 months later. Data were taken from the UK Household Longitudinal Study, a nationally representative household panel survey of UK adults. Elevated levels of psychological distress were found up to 7 months after probable COVID-19, compared with participants with no likely infection. Associations were stronger among younger age groups and men. Further research into the psychological sequalae of COVID-19 is urgently needed.

scholarly journals Psychological distress among people with probable COVID-19 infection: analysis of the UK Household Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L Niedzwiedz ◽  
Michaela Benzeval ◽  
Kirsten Hainey ◽  
Alastair H Leyland ◽  
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryStudies exploring the longer-term effects of experiencing COVID-19 infection on mental health are lacking. We explored the relationship between reporting probable COVID-19 symptoms in April 2020 and psychological distress (measured using the General Health Questionnaire) one, two and three months later. Data were taken from the UK Household Longitudinal Study, a nationally representative household panel survey of UK adults. Elevated levels of psychological distress were found up to three months after probable COVID-19, compared to participants with no likely infection. Associations were stronger among younger age groups and men. Further research into the psychological sequalae of COVID-19 is urgently needed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document