CONGESTION FREE CHANNEL ALLOCATION FOR HIGH TRAFFIC USING MAC IN WSN

Slot Allocation Medium Access Channel (SAMAC), an efficient slot allocating MAC protocol is proposed for predicting the timely channel access for time-critical data operations and also to reduce data congestion. In this scheme the time of non-periodic critical traffic grabs the time slots allotted for the periodic non-critical data traffic. Additionally, Earliest Deadline First (EDF) scheduling algorithm is used to offer efficient channel access in emergency conditions where numerous sensor nodes are prompted concurrently to transmit the periodic time-critical data to the controller. SAMAC protocol is analyzed with the delay in data delivery rates for the time-critical traffic. Simulation analysis is carried out for proving the efficiency of SAMAC in terms of network throughput.

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EE-Hybrid MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.573.407 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 573 ◽

pp. 407-411

Author(s):

Chelliah Pandeeswaran ◽

Natrajan Papa ◽

Sundar G. Jayesh

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Mac Protocol ◽

Mac Protocols ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Industrial Automation ◽

Time Critical

MAC protocol design in Wireless sensor networks becomes vibrant research field for the past several years. In this paper an EE-Hybrid MAC protocol (Energy efficient hybrid Medium Access Control) has been proposed, which is energy efficient and low latency MAC protocol, which uses interrupt method to assign priority for certain wireless sensor nodes assumed to be present in critical loops of industrial process control domain. EE-Hybrid MAC overcomes some of the limitations in the existing approaches. Industrial wireless sensor network require a suitable MAC protocol which offers energy efficiency and capable of handling emergency situations in industrial automation domain. Time critical and mission critical applications demands not only energy efficiency but strict timeliness and reliability. Harsh environmental condition and dynamic network topologies may cause industrial sensor to malfunction, so the developed protocol must adapt to changing topology and harsh environment. Most of the existing MAC protocols have number of limitations for industrial application domain In industrial automation scenario, certain sensor loops are found to be time critical, where data’s have to be transferred without any further delay. The proposed EE-Hybrid MAC protocol is simulated in NS2 environment, from the result it is observed that proposed protocol provides better performance compared to the conventional MAC protocols.

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Virtual Sensing Directional Hub MAC (VSDH-MAC) Protocol with Power Control

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics9081219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1219

Author(s):

Arnold Chau ◽

John Dawson ◽

Paul Mitchell ◽

Tian Hong Loh

Keyword(s):

Mac Protocol ◽

Directional Antennas ◽

Vital Role ◽

Directional Antenna ◽

Mac Protocols ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Multiple Access Channel ◽

Medium Access ◽

Access Channel ◽

Study Results

Medium access control (MAC) protocols play a vital role in making effective use of a multiple access channel as it governs the achievable performance such as channel utilization and corresponding quality of service of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, a virtual carrier sensing directional hub (VSDH) MAC protocol incorporating realistic directional antenna patterns is proposed for directional single hub centralized WSNs. While in most instances, MAC protocols assume idealized directional antenna patterns, the proposed VSDH-MAC protocol incorporates realistic directional antenna patterns to deliver enhanced link performance. We demonstrate that the use of directional antennas with a suitable MAC protocol can provide enhanced communication range and increased throughput with reduced energy consumption at each node, compared to the case when only omnidirectional antennas are used. For the scenarios considered in this study, results show that the average transmit power of the sensor nodes can be reduced by a factor of two, and at the same time offer significantly extended lifetime.

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Toward connectivity of a disconnected cluster in partitioned wireless sensor network for time-critical data collection

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks ◽

10.1177/1550147720984654 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 155014772098465

Author(s):

Kashif Nasr ◽

Noor Muhammad Khan

Keyword(s):

Main Part ◽

Relay Node ◽

Network Connectivity ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Network Partitioning ◽

Critical Data ◽

Cooperative Beamforming ◽

Important Time ◽

Time Critical

Reliable network connectivity is one of the major design issues in the context of wireless sensor networks. These networks have diverse communication patterns due to non-uniform sensing activities at various locations in the environment being monitored. In such scenarios, some nodes lying in high-traffic zones may consume more energy and eventually die out resulting in network partitioning. This gives rise to a situation in which alive nodes are trapped in a disconnected cluster, and they do not have enough radio range to communicate their data to the destination (i.e. a sink or a relay node connected to the main part of the network). This phenomenon may deprive a large number of alive nodes of sending their important time-critical data to the sink. In this article, we propose a virtual antenna–based cooperative beamforming approach for retrieving valuable data from these disconnected nodes. In the proposed approach, the sensor nodes in an isolated partition work together to form a directional beam. This directional beam significantly increases their overall communication range to reach out to a distant relay node which is connected to the main part of the network. The proposed approach of cooperative beamforming–based partition connectivity is more effective when a cluster with a favorably large number of nodes gets partitioned. Furthermore, a beamforming-based mechanism is proposed for a disconnected cluster to locate the nearest relay node which is still connected to the sink and to reconnect itself to the main part of the network via the most adjacent relay node for time-critical data transmission. The proposed mechanism is then evaluated through simulation results.

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Towards an Improved Energy Efficient and End-to-End Secure Protocol for IoT Healthcare Applications

Security and Communication Networks ◽

10.1155/2020/8867792 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Arshad Ahmad ◽

Ayaz Ullah ◽

Chong Feng ◽

Muzammil Khan ◽

Shahzad Ashraf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficient ◽

Mac Protocol ◽

Local Information ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Quick Response ◽

Medium Access ◽

Healthcare Applications ◽

Local Coordination ◽

Secure Protocol ◽

Time Critical

In this paper, we proposed LCX-MAC (local coordination X-MAC) as an extension of X-MAC. X-MAC is an asynchronous duty cycle medium access control (MAC) protocol. X-MAC used one important technique of short preamble which is to allow sender nodes to quickly send their actual data when the corresponding receivers wake up. X-MAC node keeps sending short preamble to wake up its receiver node, which causes energy, increases transmission delay, and makes the channel busy since a lot of short preambles are discarded, as these days Internet of Things (IoT) healthcare with different sensor nodes for the healthcare is time-critical applications and needs a quick response. A possible improvement over X-MAC is that local information of each node will share with its neighbour node. This local information exchanged will cause much less overhead than in the nodes which are synchronized. To calculate the effect of this the local coordination on X-MAC in this paper, we built an analytical model of LCX-MAC that incorporates the local coordination in X-MAC. The analytical results show that LCX-MAC outperformed X-MAC and X-MAC/BEB in terms of throughput, delay, and energy.

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An Efficient Dynamic Slot Scheduling Algorithm for WSN MAC: A Distributed Approach

Scalable Computing Practice and Experience ◽

10.12694/scpe.v21i2.1672 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 233-245

Author(s):

Manas Ranjan Lenka ◽

Amulya Ratna Swain

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficient ◽

Mac Protocol ◽

Scheduling Algorithm ◽

Mac Protocols ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Distributed Approach ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Topology Changes ◽

Current Scenario ◽

Slot Scheduling

In the current scenario, the growth of IoT based solutions gives rise to the rapid utilisation of WSN. With energy constraint sensor nodes in WSN, the design of energy efficient MAC protocol along with timeliness requirement to handle collision is of paramount importance. Most of the MAC protocols designed for a sensor network follows either contention or scheduled based approach. Contention based approach adapts well to topology changes, whereas it is more costly in handling collision as compared to a schedule based approach. Hence, to reduce the collision along with timeliness, an effective TDMA based slot scheduling algorithm needs to be designed. In this paper, we propose a TDMA based algorithm named DYSS that meets both the timeliness and energy efficiency in handling the collision. This algorithm finds an effective way of preparing the initial schedule by using the average two-hop neighbors count. Finally, the remaining un-allotted nodes are dynamically assigned to slots using a novel approach. The efficiency of the algorithm is evaluated in terms of the number of slots allotted and time elapsed to construct the schedule using the Castalia simulator.

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COORDINATED DISTRIBUTED SCHEDULING IN WIRELESS MESH NETWORK

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY ◽

10.24297/ijct.v3i3a.2940 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 368-374

Author(s):

Usha Kumari ◽

Udai Shankar

Keyword(s):

Network Performance ◽

Mesh Networks ◽

Mac Protocol ◽

Scheduling Algorithm ◽

Ieee 802.16 ◽

Distributed Scheduling ◽

Mesh Network ◽

Fourth Generation ◽

Network Nodes ◽

Wireless Mesh

IEEE 802.16 based wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are a promising broadband access solution to support flexibility, cost effectiveness and fast deployment of the fourth generation infrastructure based wireless networks. Reducing the time for channel establishment is critical for low latency/interactive Applications. According to IEEE 802.16 MAC protocol, there are three scheduling algorithms for assigning TDMA slots to each network node: centralized and distributed the distributed is further divided into two operational modes coordinated distributed and uncoordinated distributed. In coordinated distributed scheduling algorithm, network nodes have to transmit scheduling message in order to inform other nodes about their transfer schedule. In this paper a new approach is proposed to improve coordinated distributed scheduling efficiency in IEEE 802.16 mesh mode, with respect to three parameter Throughput, Average end to end delay and Normalized Overhead. For evaluating the proposed networks efficiency, several extensive simulations are performed in various network configurations and the most important system parameters which affect the network performance are analyzed

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A Poisson Process-Based Random Access Channel for 5G and Beyond Networks

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math9050508 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 508

Author(s):

Alaa Omran Almagrabi ◽

Rashid Ali ◽

Daniyal Alghazzawi ◽

Abdullah AlBarakati ◽

Tahir Khurshaid

Keyword(s):

Poisson Process ◽

Random Access ◽

Communication Technologies ◽

Channel Access ◽

Access Channel ◽

Machine Type Communications ◽

Equal Chance ◽

Random Access Channel ◽

Access Mechanisms

The 5th generation (5G) wireless networks propose to address a variety of usage scenarios, such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). Due to the exponential increase in the user equipment (UE) devices of wireless communication technologies, 5G and beyond networks (B5G) expect to support far higher user density and far lower latency than currently deployed cellular technologies, like long-term evolution-Advanced (LTE-A). However, one of the critical challenges for B5G is finding a clever way for various channel access mechanisms to maintain dense UE deployments. Random access channel (RACH) is a mandatory procedure for the UEs to connect with the evolved node B (eNB). The performance of the RACH directly affects the performance of the entire network. Currently, RACH uses a uniform distribution-based (UD) random access to prevent a possible network collision among multiple UEs attempting to access channel resources. However, in a UD-based channel access, every UE has an equal chance to choose a similar contention preamble close to the expected value, which causes an increase in the collision among the UEs. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a Poisson process-based RACH (2PRACH) alternative to a UD-based RACH. A Poisson process-based distribution, such as exponential distribution, disperses the random preambles between two bounds in a Poisson point method, where random variables occur continuously and independently with a constant parametric rate. In this way, our proposed 2PRACH approach distributes the UEs in a probability distribution of a parametric collection. Simulation results show that the shift of RACH from UD-based channel access to a Poisson process-based distribution enhances the reliability and lowers the network’s latency.

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