scholarly journals Virtual Sensing Directional Hub MAC (VSDH-MAC) Protocol with Power Control

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1219
Author(s):  
Arnold Chau ◽  
John Dawson ◽  
Paul Mitchell ◽  
Tian Hong Loh
Keyword(s):  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Directional Antenna ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Multiple Access Channel ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Access Channel ◽  
Study Results

Medium access control (MAC) protocols play a vital role in making effective use of a multiple access channel as it governs the achievable performance such as channel utilization and corresponding quality of service of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, a virtual carrier sensing directional hub (VSDH) MAC protocol incorporating realistic directional antenna patterns is proposed for directional single hub centralized WSNs. While in most instances, MAC protocols assume idealized directional antenna patterns, the proposed VSDH-MAC protocol incorporates realistic directional antenna patterns to deliver enhanced link performance. We demonstrate that the use of directional antennas with a suitable MAC protocol can provide enhanced communication range and increased throughput with reduced energy consumption at each node, compared to the case when only omnidirectional antennas are used. For the scenarios considered in this study, results show that the average transmit power of the sensor nodes can be reduced by a factor of two, and at the same time offer significantly extended lifetime.

Energy-Efficient MAC Protocols in Distributed Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 247-271
Author(s):  
Yupeng Hu ◽  
Rui Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Distributed Sensor ◽  
Distributed Sensor Network

As an enabling network technology, energy efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol plays a vital role in a battery-powered distributed sensor network. MAC protocols control how sensor nodes access a shared radio channel to communicate with each other. This chapter discusses the key elements of MAC design with an emphasis on energy efficiency. Furthermore, it reviews several typical MAC protocols proposed in the literature, comparing their energy conservation mechanism. Particularly, it presents a Collaborative Compression Based MAC (CCP-MAC) protocol, which takes advantage of the overheard data to achieve energy savings. Finally, it compares the performance of CCP-MAC with related MAC protocols, illustrating their advantages and disadvantages.

Energy-Efficient MAC Protocols in Distributed Sensor Networks

2013 ◽  
pp. 1776-1797
Author(s):  
Yupeng Hu ◽  
Rui Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Distributed Sensor ◽  
Distributed Sensor Network

As an enabling network technology, energy efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol plays a vital role in a battery-powered distributed sensor network. MAC protocols control how sensor nodes access a shared radio channel to communicate with each other. This chapter discusses the key elements of MAC design with an emphasis on energy efficiency. Furthermore, it reviews several typical MAC protocols proposed in the literature, comparing their energy conservation mechanism. Particularly, it presents a Collaborative Compression Based MAC (CCP-MAC) protocol, which takes advantage of the overheard data to achieve energy savings. Finally, it compares the performance of CCP-MAC with related MAC protocols, illustrating their advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals Efficient MAC Protocol for Hybrid Wireless Network with Heterogeneous Sensor Nodes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nasre Alam ◽  
Young-Chon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Network ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Directional Antenna ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Hybrid Network ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Omnidirectional Antenna ◽  
Hybrid Wireless Network ◽  
Directional Medium Access Control

Although several Directional Medium Access Control (DMAC) protocols have been designed for use with homogeneous networks, it can take a substantial amount of time to change sensor nodes that are equipped with an omnidirectional antenna for sensor nodes with a directional antenna. Thus, we require a novel MAC protocol for use with an intermediate wireless network that consists of heterogeneous sensor nodes equipped with either an omnidirectional antenna or a directional antenna. The MAC protocols that have been designed for use in homogeneous networks are not suitable for use in a hybrid network due to deaf, hidden, and exposed nodes. Therefore, we propose a MAC protocol that exploits the characteristics of a directional antenna and can also work efficiently with omnidirectional nodes in a hybrid network. In order to address the deaf, hidden, and exposed node problems, we define RTS/CTS for the neighbor (RTSN/CTSN) and Neighbor Information (NIP) packets. The performance of the proposed MAC protocol is evaluated through a numerical analysis using a Markov model. In addition, the analytical results of the MAC protocol are verified through an OPNET simulation.

Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 367-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pardeep Kumar ◽  
Mesut Gunes
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Medium Access Control ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Basic Network

This chapter provides an overall understanding of the design aspects of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). A WSN MAC protocol shares the wireless broadcast medium among sensor nodes and creates a basic network infrastructure for them to communicate with each other. The MAC protocol also has a direct influence on the network lifetime of WSNs as it controls the activities of the radio, which is the most power-consuming component of resource-scarce sensor nodes. In this chapter, the authors first discuss the basics of MAC design for WSNs and present a set of important MAC attributes. Subsequently, authors discuss the main categories of MAC protocols proposed for WSNs and highlight their strong and weak points. After briefly outlining different MAC protocols falling in each category, the authors provide a substantial comparison of these protocols for several parameters. Lastly, the chapter discusses future research directions on open issues in this field that have mostly been overlooked.

Energy Saving Mechanisms for MAC Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 163413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshaddique Al Ameen ◽  
S. M. Riazul Islam ◽  
Kyungsup Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Battery Power ◽  
Save Energy

Energy efficiency is a primary requirement in a wireless sensor network (WSN). This is a major design parameter in medium access control (MAC) protocols for WSN due to limited resources in sensor nodes that include low battery power. Hence a proposed MAC protocol must be energy efficient by reducing the potential energy wastes. Developing such a MAC protocol has been a hot research area in WSN. To avoid wasting the limited energy, various energy saving mechanisms are proposed for MAC protocols. These mechanisms have a common design objective—to save energy to maximize the network lifetime. This paper presents a survey on various energy saving mechanisms that are proposed for MAC protocols in WSN. We present a detailed discussion of these mechanisms and discuss their strengths and weaknesses. We also discuss MAC protocols that use these energy saving mechanisms.

Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

2013 ◽  
pp. 947-974
Author(s):  
Pardeep Kumar ◽  
Mesut Gunes
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Medium Access Control ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Basic Network

This chapter provides an overall understanding of the design aspects of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). A WSN MAC protocol shares the wireless broadcast medium among sensor nodes and creates a basic network infrastructure for them to communicate with each other. The MAC protocol also has a direct influence on the network lifetime of WSNs as it controls the activities of the radio, which is the most power-consuming component of resource-scarce sensor nodes. In this chapter, the authors first discuss the basics of MAC design for WSNs and present a set of important MAC attributes. Subsequently, authors discuss the main categories of MAC protocols proposed for WSNs and highlight their strong and weak points. After briefly outlining different MAC protocols falling in each category, the authors provide a substantial comparison of these protocols for several parameters. Lastly, the chapter discusses future research directions on open issues in this field that have mostly been overlooked.

scholarly journals A Dual Channel Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Based on Directional Antenna

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Jianmin Yang ◽  
Gang Qiao ◽  
Qing Hu ◽  
Jiarong Zhang ◽  
Guangbin Du
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Directional Antenna ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Acoustic Sensor ◽  
Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Omnidirectional Antenna ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Acoustic Sensor Networks

Medium access control (MAC) protocol is an important link for achieving networks function in any wireless networks; an efficient and reliable MAC protocol is crucial for an effective underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). Significant differences between UASNs and terrestrial sensor networks (TSNs) render the traditional MAC protocols applied on land inapplicable underwater. Existing MAC protocols for UASNs use the omnidirectional antenna, which wastes energy, restricts the network’s coverage range, and brings about unnecessary interferences in neighbor nodes. This paper proposes a dual channel MAC protocol for UASNs based on directional antenna (DADC-MAC), which increases the network coverage range, efficiently utilizes space, and reduces node interference compared to the omnidirectional antenna. The DADC-MAC protocol divides the channel into a data transmission channel and busy prompt message channel; the node uses the former to transmit the control frame and DATA package while the sending node and receiving node use the latter channel to inform the neighbor nodes of on-going communications to prevent DATA package collision. A neighbor discovery mechanism and directional network allocation vector are applied to resolve hidden terminal and deafness problems. Simulation results show that the DADC-MAC protocol could improve network throughput and reduce end-to-end delay, is efficient, performs well, and is well suited to both symmetrical and asymmetrical UASNs topology.

scholarly journals EH-MAC: Extensive Hybrid Medium Access Control Mechanism for Improving Network Lifetime and Communication Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 704-710
Keyword(s):  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Delivery Performance ◽  
Selection Of

The domain of image signal processing, image compression is At Contribution of hybrid protocol has been gaining importance owing to more demands of energy efficiency among the communicating nodes in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Review of existing literatures shows that hybrid MAC protocols has been not been evaluated over heterogeneous environment in WSN with no much consideration of temporal factors connected to it. Hence, the proposed system introduces a novel extensive hybrid MAC protocol (EH-MAC). The system introduces a mechanism where time synchronization with respect to assigned dynamic slots are considered followed by inter-synchronization of network. Apart from this, a relay node selection process has been used uniquely considering the state of static and mobile sensor nodes in the analysis environment. The proposed system also introduces an unique selection of node unlike conventional MAC protocols which offers a capability to control any form of idle listening within WSN. The simulated outcome of the proposed system has been found to offer higher residual energy, faster response time, lower memory consumption, and optimal throughput delivery performance in comparison to standard existing hybrid MAC schemes in WSN.

scholarly journals Directional Pulse/Tone Based Channel Reservation with Deafness Avoidance

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas De M. Guimarães ◽  
Jacir L. Bordim
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Channel Reservation ◽  
Pulse Tone ◽  
Directional Mac ◽  
Hoc Networks

The use of directional antennas in support of ad hoc networks has been considered a promising alternative to improve spatial division multiple access and throughput. In general, directional Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols are based on IEEE 802.11 standard, which was designed for omnidirectional communication. When applied to di- rectional communication, the standard imposes a number of constraints to the directional MAC protocol. In order to harvest the benefits of directional communications, MAC pro- tocols tailored for directional antennas have to be devised. In particular, MAC protocols that are able to deal with deafness and channel reservation latency are highly desirable. This work proposes a technique that enables channel reservation and mitigates deafness using pulse/tone signals in the context of directional communications. At its heart, the proposed technique incorporates a deafness predictions scheme that helps nodes to over- come its effects. Analytical results show that the proposed technique is able to improve throughput up to 40% when compared to other prominent directional MAC protocols. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves fairness and throughput up to 350% and 76%, respectively.

scholarly journals An Efficient Scalable Scheduling MAC Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Alfouzan ◽  
Alireza Shahrabi ◽  
Seyed Ghoreyshi ◽  
Tuleen Boutaleb
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Underwater Sensor Networks ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Distributed Mac

Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) utilise acoustic waves with comparatively lower loss and longer range than those of electromagnetic waves. However, energy remains a challenging issue in addition to long latency, high bit error rate, and limited bandwidth. Thus, collision and retransmission should be efficiently handled at Medium Access Control (MAC) layer in order to reduce the energy cost and also to improve the throughput and fairness across the network. In this paper, we propose a new reservation-based distributed MAC protocol called ED-MAC, which employs a duty cycle mechanism to address the spatial-temporal uncertainty and the hidden node problem to effectively avoid collisions and retransmissions. ED-MAC is a conflict-free protocol, where each sensor schedules itself independently using local information. Hence, ED-MAC can guarantee conflict-free transmissions and receptions of data packets. Compared with other conflict-free MAC protocols, ED-MAC is distributed and more reliable, i.e., it schedules according to the priority of sensor nodes which based on their depth in the network. We then evaluate design choices and protocol performance through extensive simulation to study the load effects and network scalability in each protocol. The results show that ED-MAC outperforms the contention-based MAC protocols and achieves a significant improvement in terms of successful delivery ratio, throughput, energy consumption, and fairness under varying offered traffic and number of nodes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document