In His Prime: Dirk Jan Struik Reflects on 103 Years of Mathematical and Political Activities

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-447
Author(s):  
Arthur Powell ◽  
Marilyn Frankenstein

In this interview, Arthur B. Powell and Marilyn Frankenstein elicit a perspective on the importance of teacher-student relationships for academic, social, and political learning through the voice of mathematician and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Professor Emeritus Dirk Jan Struik, who was 103 years old at the time of the interview. Through his words, we gain insights into European schooling from the end of the 1800s to the present, and into the intellectual and political life in the early part of this century. We learn about the impact of McCarthyism on intellectual freedom in the United States and about the importance of ethnomathematics from a man who not only lived through these times, but who also became an active political intellectual during this period of history. In this context, Struik discusses his intellectual, academic, and political trajectories, relating stories of his life as a student, teacher, mentor, colleague, professor, political activist, and Marxist intellectual.

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Alessandro Boechat De Medeiros

<p>Avram Noam Chomsky is a world-renowned linguist, philosopher and political activist. He is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Linguistics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and recently became a laureate Professor in the Department of Linguistics at University of Arizona. He has been the leader of the generative enterprise in linguistic theory since its beginning, in the late fifties, and is considered by many the father of modern Linguistics. In fact, his views have influenced the whole field and established points of departure for research in formal syntax, phonology and even semantics.</p><hr /><p><strong>ENTREVISTA COM NOAM CHOMSKY</strong></p><p>Avram Noam Chomsky é um renomado linguista, filósofo e ativista político. Ele é professor emérito do Departamento de Linguística do Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts e recentemente se tornou professor laureado no Departamento de Linguística da Universidade do Arizona. Ele tem sido o líder do empreendimento gerativo na teoria linguística desde o seu início, no final dos anos 50, e é considerado por muitos o pai da linguística moderna. De fato, suas visões influenciaram todo o campo e estabeleceram pontos de partida para a pesquisa em sintaxe formal, fonologia e até mesmo semântica.</p><hr />


Author(s):  
А.Н. Лебедев

Рассматривается проблема доверия и недоверия недостоверной информации, распространяемой в Интернете. Обсуждаются вопросы природы фейковых сообщений, психологических механизмов возникновения и распространения фейков, психологических характеристик и мотивации распространителей недостоверной информации и др. Также уделяется внимание методам распознавания фейков, как экспертным, так и выполняемым программами искусственного интеллекта. Представлены результаты исследований, проводимых в ряде исследовательских организаций США, в частности, в Массачусетском Технологическом Институте, в Мичиганском институте науки о данных, университете Ланкастера, Калифорнийском университете, университете штата Огайо, университете штата Северная Каролина и др. Представлено описание отличий распространяемой в Интернете недостоверной информации от достоверной, а также данные о влиянии социальной среды и когнитивных ошибок пользователей на распространение недостоверной информации. Рассмотрено влияние фейков на отношение к известным рекламным брендам. Исследования показывают, что ложные новости, например, в социальной сети Twitter, распространяются намного быстрее, чем правдивые, и в гораздо большем объеме. Было установлено, что распространение фейковой информации почти не связано с ботами, запрограммированными на ее распространение. В наибольшей степени это определяется именно действиями людей. Отмечается, что, поскольку исследования доверия и недоверия информации в Интернете представляют огромный интерес для бизнеса, их результаты оказываются малодоступными широкой общественности. Это делает исследования по данной проблематике крайне актуальными для социальной и экономической психологии. The problem of studying the trust and distrust of unreliable information distributed on the Internet is considered. The article discusses the nature of fake messages, the psychological mechanisms of the emergence and spread of fakes, the psychological characteristics and motivation of distributors of false information, and so on. Attention is also paid to methods for recognizing fakes, both expert and performed by artificial intelligence programs. The results of research conducted in several research organizations in the United States at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Michigan Institute of data science, Lancaster University, the University of California, Ohio state University, North Carolina state University, etc. are presented. The article describes the differences between false information distributed on the Internet and reliable information, as well as data on the impact of the social environment and cognitive errors of users on the dissemination of false information. The problem of the influence of fakes on the attitude to well-known advertising brands is considered. Research shows that false news, for example, on the social network Twitter, spreads much faster than true news, and in a much larger volume. It was found that the spread of fake information is almost not associated with bots programmed to distribute such information. To the greatest extent, this is determined by the actions of people. It is noted that since research on trust and distrust of information on the Internet is of great interest to businesses, their results are not accessible to the General public. This makes research on this issue extremely relevant for social and economic psychology.


2020 ◽  
pp. 002205742094318
Author(s):  
Roque do Carmo Amorim Neto ◽  
Nancy Golz ◽  
Meaghan Polega ◽  
Douglas Stewart

The goals of this study were (a) to assess the unique contributions of curiosity and demographics to the teacher–student relationship and (b) to identify the most common barriers teachers experience when attempting to build positive relationships with students. A sample of 518 public school teachers from across the United States completed an online survey. The results show that curiosity and grade level predict teacher–student relationships. Students’ negative behavior, time constraints, large class sizes, family issues, and truancy were among the most common barriers to positive teacher–student relationships. The discussion includes theoretical and practical implications for educators and school leaders.


2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Mahler ◽  
Myer Siemiatycki

In both Canada and the United States, immigration is producing major demographic and sociocultural changes. Yet relatively little research has been devoted to the impact of immigration on each country’s political life. Even less attention has been paid to comparing the patterns of immigrant political participation in both countries. This has left underinvestigated a host of important questions about the body politic of Canada and the United States: Measured at national, urban, and community scales, do immigrants in the two countries become integrated into formal politics such as voting and running for elected office? Are they engaged in more informal political activities such as community and ethnic organizing? If so, then how do various immigrant communities mobilize politically, form agendas and alliances, express their voices, and expand their opportunities? As more countries and cities around the world become immigration destinations, there is much to be learned about creating inclusive political systems from the comparative experience of Canada and the United States illustrated in this volume.


MRS Bulletin ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Crow ◽  
D.M. Parkin ◽  
N.S. Sullivan

The recent rapid growth in the emerging areas of magnetic and magnet-related materials research and applications has led to worldwide recognition of the increased importance of research and technology using high magnetic fields. New high-field magnet facilities and major upgrades of existing facilities are being planned and implemented by a number of countries, among them Japan, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Great Britain, Poland, Australia, and the United States. Over the next ten years, these developments will advance the state of the art in magnet-related materials science and technologies by a significant quantum jump. Support by many of the national agencies and a strong corporate commitment to stimulate rapid growth in the development of capabilities at higher magnetic fields and in related technologies results in part from an awareness of the impact these technologies will have in developing the new emerging industrial technologies of the 21st century.The Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory (FBNML) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has been one of the pre-eminent facilities in developing and advancing science and technology in high magnetic fields. The new U.S. National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) at Florida State University, at the University of Florida, and at Los Alamos National Laboratory builds on the success of existing facilities. NHMFL will provide the necessary environment to develop the next generation of high magnetic fields: 30–50-tesla continuous fields, 60-tesla quasi-continuous fields, and pulsed fields from 60–1,000 tesla. The ability to develop broad user capabilities at these extreme fields is crucial for the advancement of the frontiers of science and of magnet-related industries.


1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D. Strohmeier

In 1976 the United States Yacht Racing Union mandated a new handicapping system for offshore sailing yachts. The purpose was to provide equitable racing among yachts of diverse designs, a feature not possible under the existing International Offshore Rule. Making full use of the Pratt Project for sailing yacht research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USYRU evolved the Measurement Handicap System, in which ratings are expressed, not in linear measure as in past rules, but in predicted speeds on various points of sailing and in different wind velocities. The MHS was first used in the 1978 Bermuda Race. A feature of MHS is a set of regulations to require adequate cruising accommodations.


2020 ◽  
pp. 111-148
Author(s):  
Ali Khan Mahmudabad

Chapter 3 will also use a set of mushā‘irahs held in small and large towns across north India in order to illustrate the continuing material, structural, and cultural changes. The impact of radio broadcasting, ease of travel, dispersed forms of patronage, changing relevance of ustād–shāgird (teacher–student) relationships, and response to changing political contexts will all form the basis of this chapter. It is structured as a series of case studies in order to present the nuanced and rich details of the mushā‘irah, particularly since there is no extant work in this field and this book hopes to provide a foundation on which scholars may build further.


Sociology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Voyer

In an increasingly global world with significant cross-border migration, societies inevitably contain people with different ethnic, cultural, and religious identities. In the context of the United States in particular, the presence of ethnic, cultural, and religious heterogeneity is more commonly referred to as diversity, while in most other contexts the mere presence of such heterogeneity is dubbed multiculturalism—the most general formulation of multiculturalism in sociology. However, multiculturalism is also an ideological position founded upon the claim that minority identities are important to the people who hold them, and that the identity groups they create will persist. Because identity and identity groups matter, they must be recognized and accommodated in social and political life. Generally speaking, the sociology of multiculturalism falls into six broad categories: the study of growing population diversity, commonly referred to as demographic multiculturalism; multicultural theory; multicultural policy; the impact of multiculturalism; the retreat from multiculturalism; and examination of multiculturalism as a cultural object. Due to its broad subject matter—recent and contemporary cultural diversity and the changes it has wrought in societies and nations—the study of multiculturalism is particularly interdisciplinary. The sociology of multiculturalism overlaps many other areas of research in sociology: migration and immigrant inclusion, national identity and citizenship, religious studies, and racial and ethnic studies, just to name a few. Multiculturalism is also a common subject in the fields of education, political science, philosophy, cultural studies, and history. This article focuses almost exclusively on work that is done in sociology and by sociologists. In addition, the sociology of multiculturalism is, most especially, an international field of research.


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