scholarly journals Relationship Between Hydrobiological And Hydrochemical Parameters Of Lakes Of Karelia As Influenced By Their Geoecological Characteristics

Author(s):  
N.M. Kalinkina

On the data on 110 lakes of Karelia the role of natural and anthropogenic factors in the forming of hydrochemical and hydrobiological regimes is discussed. It is shown that the prognoses of hydrobiological parameters on the base of hydrochemical data using regression analyses is not possible due to high variability of data. For the purpose of reconstruction hydrobiological data the complex indexes were worked, then the classification of lakes of Karelia was done. Using the methods of multivariate statistics and the contingency tables the connections between chemical and hydrobiological parameters were investigated. The prognoses tables were calculated to reconstruct the zooplankton and zoobenthos biomass on the base of total phosphorous concentration. The precision of the prognoses varied within 55-86%.

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Taryono

In the planning of spatial lay-out oriented to environmental concept, it requires the information input conneting with the condition of local environment. This condition constitutes the features characteristic of the living space which consist of natural and social environment. One of the natural environment elements, neede to the spatial lay-out planning, is the dynamis geomorphology. The process of the dynami is some times accelerated and increased by natural and anthropogenic factors. The abnormality in both acceleration and the increase will cause a natural disaster, which is based on the landscape approach it is called the geomorphologic hazard. In connection with such event thematic map of geomorphologic hazard describes the disaster susceptibility of an area. The geomorphologic hazard map is an output map whose information is obtainable from thematic map conneting with population, land use, topography, geomorphology, rainfall, hydrological data, and slope classification. Both land use and population maps desccribes the anthropogenic factors. The role of the geomorphologic hazard map, in the planning of spatial lay-out and environmental management, i.e. preventive, represive, rehabilitative, and serves as the basis for interpretation and management of living spere. By putting geomorphologic hazard into map compilation of spatial lay-out (cultural and non cultural area map) a footstep advance is the reached to guarantee human security and their treasures, and human well-being as an integral part of human living prosperity.


Author(s):  
T.V. Kornyushenko

Изучен характер изменений растительности в результате климатических осцилляций в среднем течении р. Раздольная и близлежащих водораздельных пространств, начиная с конца среднего голоцена и при неоднократной трансформации ландшафтов при сельскохозяйственном освоении. Развитие растительности проходило в контрастных климатических условиях, наиболее сильно изменялась увлажненность. Детально реконструкции проведены для последних 2 тыс. кал. л. Изучение споровопыльцевых комплексов позволило выделить шесть споровопыльцевых зон, а также определить специфику формирования палиноспектров, которые включают пыльцу и споры растений, произраставших на данной территории, и пыльцу, принесенную воздушными и водными потоками, в том числе древнюю из нижнемеловых и палеогеннеогеновых отложений. Разрезы включают погребенную почву, сформированную в засушливый период во второй половине позднего голоцена. В это время были широко распространены остепненные полынные, разнотравные луга и березовые редколесья. Климатические условия в конце VIIX вв. постепенно стали более теплыми и влажными. Снижение температуры при высоком увлажнении в малый ледниковый период с постоянным обновлением субстрата на пойме во время наводнений привело к увеличению площадей, занятых сообществами березы овальнолистной. В лесной растительности низкогорья увеличилось участие сосны густоцветковой и берез. Споровопыльцевые комплексы включают пыльцу темнохвойных, в том числе кедра корейского, принесенную во время наводнений из верховий бассейна. Слабо изученным вопросом является оценка воздействия человека на природную среду в средневековье и более ранние эпохи. Не всегда есть информация о том, какой природный облик имела растительность до преобразования в ходе хозяйственной деятельности. Район работ был выбран около Старореченского городища, что дало возможность оценить влияние природопользования во времена Бохайского государства на основе анализа споровопыльцевых комплексов. Проанализирована роль антропогенного фактора в развитии растительности во время заселения долины первопоселенцами XIXначала XX века и при развитии современных агрокомплексов.Studies of floodplain section provided materials for reconstructing a relative importance of natural and anthropogenic factors in the vegetation development in the Razdolnaya (Suifun) River basin near the Starorechenskoye site attributed to the Bohai culture. The transformation of vegetation in the middle reaches of the Razdolnaya River and surrounding areas was influenced by climate change, since the end of the middle Holocene, the impact on vegetation has increased under the influence of agricultural activities. Six pollen zones were distinguished. The studied sequences include a paleosol that developed during a prolonged period of drought at the 2nd half of the late Holocene. The period was noted for a wide occurrence of steppe and forb meadows with wormwood, and open birch forests. The climate became gradually warmer and more humid since the late 7th to 10th centuries. A decrease in temperature at a sufficiently high humidity in the Little Ice Age (the 13th 19th centuries) led to an increase in the areas occupied by the Betula ovalifolia communities. The pollen assemblages display an appearance of dark conifers and Korean pine pollen brought by floods from the upper reaches of the river. In Pinus densiflora and birches gained in importance in the forests of mountain. The recent pollen spectra are indicative of the wide development of agricultural landscapes. The anthropogenic influence to the vegetation was connected with Bohai settlers. The role of the anthropogenic factor in the development of vegetation during the settlement of the valley by the first settlers of the XIXearly XX century and the development of modern agrocomplexes is analyzed.


Hydrobiologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 847 (21) ◽  
pp. 4653-4670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila S. Shirokova ◽  
Artem V. Chupakov ◽  
Natalya M. Kokryatskaya ◽  
Ksenia V. Titova ◽  
Sergey I. Klimov ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hasanov ◽  
L. Ibrahimova ◽  
N. Aliyeva

According to the article, grasslands amount for 103,816 hectares out of 5,502.78 km2 total area of Nakhchivan AR. The grasslands play a vital role in the development of livestock, especially rearing of bovine animals, small-horned livestock and beekeeping. Descriptive research work has been conducted in the field, in order to determine the role of grasslands in the development of livestock farming. There is a strong need for conducting study of the area on the basis of landscape planning. As a consequence of a series of natural and anthropogenic factors, a number of environmental issues have arisen on grasslands, and as a result, some areas have become unusable. 58,020 hectares or more than 50% of grasslands became unusable. On the other hand, 45,796 hectares are in good condition. It should be outlined that since destructive factors outpower restorative factors, there is a risk of losing grasslands in the future. It is about time to seriously engage in the solution of environmental problems related to grasslands. Otherwise, we will face bitter consequences. Therefore, landscape planning should be applied in every research work. Hierarchical landscape composition of the area and the problems in each composition should be clearly defined, and the solutions should be developed accordingly. Research work is notably topical in this context.


2017 ◽  
pp. 137-149
Author(s):  
Yu. S. Tuchkovenko ◽  
D. V. Kushnir

In order to solve the problems of diagnosis and forecast of spatial-temporal variability of hydrological characteristics of the Kuyalnik Liman (water level, salinity and temperature) which cause chemical and biological processes occurring therein, and, therefore, affect the properties of brine and therapeutic mud, a non-stationary 3D numerical hydrothermodynamic model Delft3D-FLOW was applied. The model can be applied for research of the features and forecasting of spatial-temporal variability of hydrological characteristics of the Kuyalnik Liman under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors forming its hydrological regime. Such opportunity is also indicated by the results of adaptation of the model to the Kuyalnik Liman conditions and its validation that are specified in this work. The important role of accounting of small streams flowing into the liman and accurate setting of intensity of storm rainfall during modelling is also shown. It is found that at the time of storm winds with longitudinal directions in relation to the liman’s water surface, the difference of watermarks in its northern and southern parts may reach 0.35-0.4 m.


2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogusław Pawłowski

Abstract Winter season temperatures are becoming warmer. However, the transformation of the ice regime on the Vistula River in Toruń has also been affected by river engineering. In particular, the construction and operation of the Włocławek Dam had a significant impact on ice processes. The article presents the results of an analysis determining the contribution of natural and anthropogenic factors to the duration of ice phenomena and ice cover on the Vistula River in the city of Toruń. Compared to the end of the nineteenth century, there has been a reduction in the duration of ice phenomena from 88 to 53 days and of ice cover from 40 to 7 days (in the period of 1882-2011). The article compares the duration of ice cover and winter temperature in three different periods: before the completion of river engineering works (1882-1907); for the controlled river (1908-1969), and for the controlled river with the Włocławek Dam upstream of Toruń (1970-2011). The results showed a significant role of these anthropogenic factors in the changes of the ice cover duration on the Vistula River in Toruń.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Polonsky ◽  

The purpose of this book is to answer in an accessible form the main questions related to one of the key civilizational problems of our time – the problem of climate change. To answer these questions, we have used facts and information generally accepted in the professional community, the validity of which does not cause serious doubts among the vast majority of specialists. Considerable attention is paid to the discussion of the relative role of natural and anthropogenic factors in shaping the observed variability of the climate system. The paper assesses the effectiveness of international efforts to control greenhouse gas emissions and the adaptation strategy to minimize the negative effects of climate change. It is addressed not only to narrow specialists in the field of Earth Sciences, but also to a wider range of readers, including students of higher educational institutions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-34
Author(s):  
Y.A. Fedorov ◽  
◽  
V.V. Sukhorukov ◽  
R.G. Trubnik ◽  
◽  
...  

Abstract: Soils are a source and sink of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Since the volumes of concentration and flux can be large, accurate quantitative estimates are needed to obtain the data on global GHG fluxes required for forecasting global changes and climate studies. This review shows the role of soils as one of the important sources and regulators of the content of CH4, CO2, N2O in the troposphere, and also presents the main methods for monitoring greenhouse gases. The influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the emission and absorption of CH4, CO2, N2O by the soil cover has been analyzed. Original diagrams are presented showing the global fluxes of CH4, CO2, N2O by various ecosystems, including the pedosphere. The estimation of methane emission and distribution of its content in the main types of soils of the Rostov region is carried out. The mechanisms of CH4, CO2, N2O generation in soils and their possible influence on the calcium-carbonate balance, which plays an important role in the regulation of biogeochemical processes in the pedosphere, are considered. The performed analysis and generalization of research data on various types of soils makes it possible to shed light not only on their contribution to the global methane emission, but also to approach the understanding of processes and parameters that are important from the point of view of agrochemistry, such as, in fact, carbonate-calcium equilibrium and redox potential in modern soils. An inventory of sources and an assessment of the inter-reservoir gas mass transfer in the pedosphere - atmosphere system allows one to start developing a strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that will help curb the rate of global climate change.


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