A Three-Dimensional Comparison of Nasolabial Soft Tissue between Children with Repaired Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate and Unaffected Children in Khon Kaen, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 442-450
Author(s):  
N Kumjan ◽  
A Manosudprasit ◽  
A Pisek ◽  
K Winaikosol ◽  
M Manosudprasit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surgical Guide ◽  
Khon Kaen

Objectives: The objectives were to assess the treatment outcomes of unilateral cleft lip and palate after primary surgery on nasolabial soft tissue of children ages 4–5 years old as compared with unaffected children and to establish a nasolabial soft tissue norm within Khon Kaen. Study design: This cross-sectional study consisted of 60 unaffected subjects living in Khon Kaen province and 20 subjects with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who were treated at Srinagarind Hosipital, Khon Kaen, Thailand. 3D images were taken by a Morpheus 3D Scanner and measured by the Morpheus 3D program. Independent t-tests and paired t-tests were used to analyze the significant differences between subjects with cleft and unaffected subjects. Results: There were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) of nasolabial measurements between affected subjects and unaffected subjects. Unilateral measurements showed decreased nostril height, columella lengths, and nose protrusion from ala base and ala length in the affected group. In addition, bilateral measurements found decreased upper lip protrusion, philtrum length, upper lip height, upper vermillion thickness, and lip angle. Conclusion: This study attempted to establish a norm for evaluating the treatment outcome of cleft lip and cleft palate repair at Srinagarind Hospital in relation to unaffected or noncleft individuals. The results suggest that the noncleft side in affected patients is not an optimal surgical guide for cleft repair and the surgeon should correct both sides of lip and nose features according to the norms. A surgical treatment plan should emphasize correcting nostril height, columella length, nose protrusion from ala base, ala length, and upper lip features.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Nasal Deformity

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Lucas M. Harrison ◽  
Rami R. Hallac ◽  
Christopher A. Derderian
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Alar Base ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Base Width ◽  
Nasal Length

Objective: This cross-sectional study utilizes 3-dimensional analysis to assess nasal morphology in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) compared to controls across the timeline of cleft care. Design: Retrospective comparative cross-sectional study. Setting: Tertiary pediatric academic institution. Patients and Participants: One hundred and twelve patients with BCLP and an equal number of age and sex-matched control participants. Main Outcome Measure(s): Nasolabial angle, nasal length, nasal protrusion, columella length, columella width, nasal tip width, alar width, and alar base width were collected at each time point. The measurements were collected pre-nasoalveolar molding (NAM) therapy, post-NAM therapy, post-primary cleft rhinoplasty, 1 year, 5 years, 10 years, and 15 years of age. Results: Nasolabial angle and nasal tip width were significantly different from controls from pre-NAM through 15 years of age time points. Nasal length was not significantly different at any time point. Alar width and alar base width were significantly different from pre-NAM through 10 years of age time points. Nasal protrusion, columella length, and columella width were significantly different from pre-NAM through 5 years of age time points. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that three-dimensional photogrammetry is effective in assessing the changes in nasal morphology that occur throughout the course of care in patients with BCLP from before cleft lip repair to the completion of nasal growth.

Surgical Results of Primary Lip Repair Using the Triangular Flap Method for the Treatment of Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Three-Dimensional Study in Infants to Four-Year-Old Children

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Yamada ◽  
Yoshihide Mori ◽  
Katsuhiro Minami ◽  
Katsuaki Mishima ◽  
Yuichi Tsukamoto
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vertical Dimension ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Mouth Width

Objective: To evaluate morphological problems for children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design and Setting: A cross-sectional study was performed on 46 patients with complete UCLP at Osaka University Dental Hospital. Patients and Participants: The method was applied to three groups of children with UCLP (8 4-month-old infants, 18 1.5-year-old children, and 20 4-year-old children). Main Outcome Measures: The three-dimensional coordinates of facial landmarks were extracted automatically from XYZ data sets and from photo images produced by an optical surface scanner. Results: The intercanthal distance, nose width, and mouth width were closer to those of normal children in the older group. Deviation of the columella toward the noncleft side was smaller in the 4-year-old group. The angle of the nasal tip was large in all groups. Asymmetry of the ala was conspicuous at the upper part of the nose in the vertical dimension. Asymmetry of the nostril was observed in the vertical dimension and in the anteroposterior dimension in the 4-year-old group. The angle of the Cupid's bow was obtuse on the non-cleft side, and the bottom of the Cupid's bow deviated toward the cleft side. The Cupid's bow was longer on the noncleft side. Protrusion of the vermilion was poor in all groups.

scholarly journals Superior Orbicularis Oris Muscle Activity in Children Surgically Treated for Bilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1720
Author(s):  
Liliana Szyszka-Sommerfeld ◽  
Monika Elżbieta Machoy ◽  
Sławomir Wilczyński ◽  
Mariusz Lipski ◽  
Krzysztof Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orbicularis Oris Muscle

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the electromyographic activity of the superior orbicularis oris muscle both in children surgically treated for bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCCLP) as well as in subjects without BCCLP. The study comprised 77 children aged 6.6 to 12.5 years. All the patients with clefts had previously undergone lip and palate surgery. The upper lip electromyographic (EMG) assessments were made with a DAB-Bluetooth device (Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) at rest, while swallowing saliva, protruding lips and compressing lips. EMG measurements were also made when the subjects produced phonemes /p/, /b/, and /m/ with the vowel /a/. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied to statistically analyze the EMG values. Significantly higher median upper lip EMG activity under working conditions such as swallowing saliva, lip compression, and production of the phoneme /p/ with the vowel /a/ was observed in patients with BCCLP compared to those without a cleft. The results of the study showed that the upper lip muscle activity increases in children with BCCLP when swallowing saliva, compressing lips and during some speech movement tasks. This may be important in the aspect of the effect of surgical lip repair on the craniofacial growth.

A Quantitative Three-Dimensional Assessment of Abnormal Variations in Facial Soft Tissues of Adult Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgilio F. Ferrario ◽  
Chiarella Sforza ◽  
Claudia Dellavia ◽  
Gianluca M. Tartaglia ◽  
Davide Sozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Variability Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Facial Soft Tissues

Objective To supply quantitative information about the facial soft tissues of adult operated patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Design, Setting, and Patients The three-dimensional coordinates of soft tissue facial landmarks were obtained using an electromagnetic digitizer in 18 Caucasian patients with CLP (11 males and 7 females aged 19 to 27 years) and 162 healthy controls (73 females and 89 males aged 18 to 30 years). From the landmarks, 15 facial dimensions and two angles were calculated. Data were compared with those collected in healthy individuals by computing z-scores. Two summary anthropometric measurements for quantifying craniofacial variations were assessed in both the patients and reference subjects: the mean z-score (an index of overall facial size), and its SD, called the craniofacial variability index (an index of facial harmony). Results In treated patients with CLP, facial size was somewhat smaller than in normal individuals, but in all occasions the mean z-score fell inside the normal interval (mean ± 2 SD). Almost all patients had a craniofacial variability index larger than the normal interval, indicating a global disharmonious appearance. Overall, in patients pronasale, subnasale, and pogonion were more posterior, the nose was shorter and larger, the face was narrower, and the soft tissue profile and upper lip were flatter than in the reference population. Conclusions The facial soft tissue structures of adult operated patients with CLP differed from those of normal controls of the same age, sex, and ethnic group. In this patient group, surgical corrections of CLP failed to provide a completely harmonious appearance, even if the deviations from the reference were limited. Further analyses of larger groups of patients are needed.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study: Are Myths on Cleft Lip and Palate Still Prevalent?

Cureus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sravya Turlapati ◽  
Sai Krishna ◽  
Korutla U Deepak ◽  
Baggialaxmi Kanagaraja ◽  
Kanaparthi A Gayathri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Association between speech and dental occlusion changes in children with cleft lip and palate and time of primary plastic surgeries

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Ribeiro Schilling ◽  
Maria Cristina de Almeida Freitas Cardoso ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Marcia Angélica Peter Maahs
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Incisive Foramen

ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe the changes in speech and dental occlusion in children with cleft lip and palate and verify their association with each other and with the time of primary plastic surgeries. Methods: a cross-sectional study with collected data on the subjects’ identification, age at the time of primary surgeries, and clinical assessment of speech and dental occlusion. The chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test were used to verify the associations between the variables at the 5% significance level (p < 0.05). Results: the sample comprised 11 children aged 6 to 10 years, most of whom were males, self-reported white, with trans-incisive foramen cleft, predominantly on the left side. The mean age at lip repair surgery was 6 months, and 13 months at palatoplasty. Among the main dental occlusion changes, posterior and anterior crossbite stood out. All the subjects presented changed speech, with a prevalence of cases with dentoalveolar and palatine deformities, followed by passive and active changes. Subjects with anterior crossbite tended to have undergone primary lip repair surgery at a mean of four months earlier than the subjects without anterior crossbite. Conclusions: the associations between speech and dental occlusion changes, and between these and the time of primary plastic surgeries were not statistically significant. Even though it is known that early lip repair surgery is ideal to favor oral functions and aesthetics, the results revealed a tendency towards anterior crossbite, in these subjects.

scholarly journals Pilot epidemiological study of cleft lip and/or palate inh Kota Kinabalu, Sabah

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Chai Siew Cheng ◽  
SKL Jimeno ◽  
R Sasidaran ◽  
A Sergius
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Queen Elizabeth Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Secondary Palate ◽  
Male Patients

Objective: To identify number of cases and the type of cleft lip and/or palate managed in government tertiary center (Queen Elizabeth Hospital) in Kota Kinabalu; and to analyze the associative factors of cleft lip and/or palate. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study carried out in Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah from January 2011 to December 2012. Data from 162 new cases, which were referred for cleft lip and/or palate, were included in the study. Result: Cleft lip and palate was the most common type. While cleft lip with or without palate had higher preponderance towards male patients, secondary palate however was more common among female patients. These results were statistically significant. Conclusion: Further and larger scale study need to be carried out to identify the incidence of cleft lip and/or palate in Sabah, and its associated genetic and environmental risk factors. Early identification and intervention for cleft lip and palate need to be emphasized. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i3.8170   Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 86-91

The Hyoid Bone in Malay Infants with Cleft Lip and Palate

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainul A. Rajion ◽  
Grant C. Townsend ◽  
David J. Netherway ◽  
Peter J. Anderson ◽  
Toby Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Age Range

Objective: To compare morphological and positional variations of the hyoid bone in unoperated infants with cleft lip and palate (CL/P) with those in noncleft infants. Design: Retrospective, cross sectional. Patients and Methods: Three-dimensional computed tomography scans were obtained from 29 unoperated CL/P infants of Malay origin aged between 0 and 12 months and from 12 noncleft infants in the same age range. Observations were made and measurements were obtained with a software package developed at the Australian Craniofacial Unit. The sizes of the hyoid bones and the position of the hyoid body and epiglottis in relation to the cervical spine were measured. Anatomical anomalies of the hyoid and prevalence of aspiration pneumonia were also documented. Results: The hyoid bones and epiglottis were found to be located more inferiorly in CL/P infants compared with the noncleft infants. Also, 17% (5/29) of the CL/P infants had nonossified hyoid bodies. Conclusion: The results suggest that there are differences in the location and genesis of the hyoid bone in infants with CL/P that warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Educational Attainment of Children Born with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate in the United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
pp. 105566562095998
Author(s):  
Sukhraj S. Grewal ◽  
Sirisha Ponduri ◽  
Sam D. Leary ◽  
Yvonne Wren ◽  
John M. D. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Objective: This study evaluated association between functional outcomes in children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and educational attainment. Design: Cleft Care UK (CCUK) was a United Kingdom (UK) wide cross-sectional study. Setting: UK Cleft Teams (data collected from all UK sites providing centralized cleft services). Patients, Participants: Five-year olds born with nonsyndromic UCLP (n = 268). Main Outcome Measure(s): National tests for educational attainment Key Stage 1 (KS1) undertaken by children at age 7 were linked to CCUK data to describe differences in educational attainment. Associations between functional outcomes and KS1 results were evaluated using regression analysis. We adjusted for birth month, gender, and an area-based measure of socioeconomic status. Results: Data were available for 205 children with UCLP. These children scored lower than national average (NA) scores across all subject areas, with a 0.62 lower score observed in the Average Point Score (APS; P = .01). There was association between being in a lower category for a cleft related outcomes and poorer KS1 results, with a trend for poorer attainment with higher numbers of poor functional outcomes. Those with 3 or more poor outcomes had a −2.26 (−3.55 to −0.97) lower APS compared to those with 0 to 1 poor outcomes. Conclusions: Children born with UCLP have poorer educational attainment at age 7 across all subject areas though differences were modest. Children with poor functional outcomes at age 5 had worse educational outcomes age 7. Improvements in functional outcomes could enhance educational outcomes.

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