Comparative Quantitative Assessments of Salivary Ion Activity Product for Hydroxyapatite and Buffering Capacity in Children with Different Caries Experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Anand ◽  
Updesh Masih ◽  
Ramakrishna Yeluri
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Assessment Study ◽  
Activity Product ◽  
Ion Activity

Aim: If a relation exists between salivary IPHA, buffer capacity and caries experience, then this relationship could be used as screening chair side test for caries risk assessment. Study design: One hundred ninety seven children aged 4 to 6 years were examined. Data was collected by interview and clinical examination. They were divided into low, moderate and high caries experience group of 20 children each. Two ml of each sample was used to measure the pH value with pH meter. Regarding the buffering capacity, freshly prepared hydrochloric acid (HCl) was titrated into saliva and pH was recorded. The collected saliva samples were sent to Laboratory for measurement of calcium and phosphorus. IPHA was calculated and the negative logarithms of IPHA were used to determine the enamel solubility. The correlation between salivary IPHA, buffering capacity and caries experience were evaluated. Results: There was a significant relation between pH, log IPHA and dental caries experience, it could be considered as a predictor of dental caries. Conclusion: pH measurement after HCl titration in saliva could be used as chair side screening test for the assessment of caries risk.

scholarly journals Salivary Cariogenic Microflora, Buffer Capacity, Secretion Rate and Its Relation to Caries Experience in 12 to 15 Years Old Indian Schoolchildren

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Nithin Manchery Gopinath ◽  
Joseph John
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Secretory Rate

ABSTRACT Background Dental caries is a disease of multifactorial etiology and its prevalence is more in developing countries, including India. It was of interest to study the caries risk factors, mainly salivary parameters and its cariogenic association. Materials and Methods Clinical examination of 108 children was done for dental caries. Stimulated saliva was collected and salivary flow rate, salivary buffering capacity; Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts were assessed. Differences between mean decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) and salivary risk factors and their relation were assessed. Results The mean DMFT was 2.41. Statistically, highly significant relation was found between Streptococcus mutans (χ2 = 43.34, p < 0.000) and DMFT categories. Similar results were also obtained for Lactobacillus (χ2 = 25.95, p < 0.000). Similarly, the role of salivary pH and secretory rate was also found to be significant in contributing to caries risk. Conclusion The results of current study showed that there exist's a strong association either directly or indirectly between salivary variables, like salivary microflora, buffer capacity and secretion rate to caries experience. How to cite this article Gopinath NM, John J. Salivary Cariogenic Microflora, Buffer Capacity, Secretion Rate and Its Relation to Caries Experience in 12 to 15 Years Old Indian Schoolchildren. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(1):12-16.

scholarly journals Correlation between pH, buffering capacity, calcium and dental caries in schoolchildren

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (01) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Efka Zabokova Bilbilova ◽  
Ana Sotirovska Ivkovska ◽  
Olivera Sarakinova ◽  
Olga Kokoceva Ivanovska ◽  
Natasha Stavreva
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Free Group ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Active Group ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Ph Buffering Capacity

The aim of this study was to determine salivary pH, buffering capacity and calcium levels in caries-free and caries-active children. We examined 80 children of both genders, 15 years of age. Subjects were divided into four groups as follows: caries-free females, caries-active females, caries-free males, caries-active males; each group consisted of 20 subjects. The unstimulated saliva sample was collected by the spitting method and then pH, buffering capacity and calcium in saliva was measured. The results showed that mean level of buffering capacity of saliva was decreased significantly in the caries-active group as compared to caries-free group. The obtained data showed that the mean levels of pH and calcium were decreased in the caries-active group as compared to the caries-free group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The saliva with its constituents plays an important role in maintaining oral and especially dental health. Salivary pH values were found to be higher in the caries-free group. In our study, there was no significant correlation of pH values and caries activity with gender. Buffer capacity values were significantly lower in the caries-active group than in the caries-free group. There were significant differences when the groups were compared in the caries-active group where buffer capacity values were higher in boys than in girls. Calcium content of saliva was higher in the caries-free group. The results obtained in this study related to the values of the pH, buffering capacity and calcium in saliva, may serve as parameters for determining the caries risk patients, and accordingly to plan and carry appropriate caries preventive measures. Keywords: saliva, dental caries, pH, buffer capacity, calcium

scholarly journals GAMBARAN RESIKO KARIES GIGI PADA MAHASISWA ANGKATAN 2008 DI PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNSRAT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KARIOGRAM

e-GIGI ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roden Kawung ◽  
Dinar Wicaksono ◽  
Joenda S. Soewantoro
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Ph Indicator ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Research Students

Abstract: The risk of caries is an opportunity for someone to have some caries lesions over time. Caries risk is not the same on every person and not last forever because it can be changed if patients take the precautions either by himself or dentist. Caries risk measurement is needed in order to take preventive measures directed against people who have a high risk of caries. This study was conducted to determine the percentage level of caries risk in students of Dentistry on Medicine faculty class of 2008 Sam Ratulangi University. This research is a descriptive study. Sampling using simple random sampling method, the 52 students of the 110 students who meet the criteria of the sampling frame. Samples were randomly selected to meet the specified number of samples. The informations were collected by interview using a questionnaire, while the examination of caries experience (DMFT), scores of plaque, saliva secretion and buffer capacity is done using the sonde, mouth mirror, disclosing solution, and a pH indicator. The results of the research students of Dentistry on Medicine faculty class of 2008 Sam Ratulangi University showed that all respondents have a low risk of dental caries and there is no respondents indicating a high risk of dental caries. However, students of Dentistry on Medicine faculty class of 2008 Sam Ratulangi University are expected to keep on the diet by eating snacks with low carbohydrate content with a maximum frequency of 3 times a day and use a regular fluoride program to reduce caries risk factors. Keywords: Caries risk, Cariogram.     Abstrak: Risiko karies merupakan peluang seseorang untuk mempunyai beberapa lesi karies selama kurun waktu tertentu. Risiko karies pada setiap orang tidak sama dan tidak tetap seumur hidup oleh karena hal ini dapat berubah apabila pasien melakukan tindakan pencegahan baik oleh dirinya sendiri maupun dokter gigi. Pengukuran risiko karies diperlukan agar dapat melakukan tindakan pencegahan yang ditujukan langsung kepada orang yang mempunyai risiko tinggi terhadap karies. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat persentase risiko karies pada mahasiswa Program Studi pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado angkatan 2008. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode simple random sampling, yaitu 52 orang mahasiswa dari 110 orang mahasiswa yang memenuhi kriteria sampling frame. Sampel dipilih secara acak hingga memenuhi jumlah sampel yang ditentukan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner sedangkan pemeriksaan pengalaman karies (DMFT), skor plak, sekresi saliva dan kapasitas buffer dilakukan menggunakan sonde, kaca mulut, disclosing solution, dan pH indikator. Hasil penelitian mahasiswa Program Studi pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado angkatan 2008 menunjukan bahwa seluruh responden memiliki resiko karies gigi yang rendah dan tidak ada responden yang menunjukkan resiko karies gigi yang tinggi. Namun demikian, mahasiswa Program Studi pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado angkatan 2008 diharapkan mengupayakan dalam menjaga pola makan dengan mengonsumsi jajanan dengan kandungan karbohidrat rendah dengan frekuensi maksimal 3 kali sehari dan penggunaan program fluor yang rutin untuk mengurangi faktor risiko karies. Kata kunci: Resiko Karies, Kariogram.

scholarly journals Randomized clinical trial to evaluate two methods of caries risk assessment in schoolchildren: the CARDEC-PEL 04 study protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryane Marques Menegaz ◽  
Thays Torres do Vale Oliveira ◽  
Mariana Minatel Braga ◽  
Daniela Prócida Raggio ◽  
Maximiliano Sergio Cenci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Caries Risk Assessment ◽  
Multivariate Method

Abstract Background Caries risk assessment is an essential element for managing and preventing dental caries in children. Individual caries risk assessment can be conducted to evaluate the presence or absence of single factors, or using multivariate models, a combination of factors. The subject has been extensively studied, but no previous research has compared whether a more elaborate and individualized method of caries risk benefits the patient than more straightforward strategies. Thus, this protocol evaluates the efficacy of two risk assessment methods for caries control in children, a simplified method based on caries experience evaluation and a multivariate method described in the literature. Methods This is a randomized, double-blind, controlled, parallel-treatment trial protocol. Two groups will be tested for two forms of caries risk assessment: an individualized and detailed multivariate method based on the guidelines of the Caries Care International 4D and another simplified process, based only on caries experience in primary and/or permanent dentition, considering the presence of decayed, missing and filled teeth using the DMFT/dmft index. Participants will be children aged 8 to 11 years, followed up at 12 and 24 months. The primary outcome will be a composite outcome representing the number of tooth surfaces requiring operative intervention (account variable). In addition, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test and Student's t-test will be performed. A multivariate analysis using negative binomial regression will compare groups in the intention-to-treat population, considering a two-tailed significance level of 5%. Discussion This is the first randomized clinical trial aiming to compare dental caries-related treatment and follow-up based on a detailed, multivariate and individualized assessment of caries risk in school-age children to a simpler risk assessment strategy based on caries experience. This study will define whether there are essential benefits to the patient that justify the choice of one method over the other. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT03969628. Registered on May 31th, 2019.

scholarly journals Study of caries risk factors in a group of Bucharest schoolchildren (2)

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Cristian Funieru ◽  
◽  
Ruxandra Ionela Sfeatcu ◽  
Elena Funieru ◽  
Mihaela Răescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Real Risk

Introduction. A poor oral hygiene, a wick salivary buffering capacity or a high number of colonies of specific bacteria are real risk factors for dental caries. Material and method. This study was conducted on a sample of 46 students aged 10 to 12 years attending two schools in Bucharest. Oral hygiene assessment was made both by using questionnaires and by calculating the OHI-S score. The salivary risk factors were identified and analyzed using GC Saliva Check Buffer and GC Saliva Check Mutans tests. Results. OHI-S score for the entire group led to a moderate degree of oral hygiene. Almost 40% of pupils had a number of mutans streptococci colonies over the limit. Conclusions. The poor oral hygiene and the high number of mutans streptococci colonies in saliva found in this study lead to a high dental caries risk.

scholarly journals Genetic Association ofMMP10,MMP14, andMMP16with Dental Caries

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Lewis ◽  
J. R. Shaffer ◽  
E. Feingold ◽  
M. Cooper ◽  
M. M. Vanyukov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
White Adults

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which degrade extracellular proteins as part of a variety of physiological processes, and their inhibitors have been implicated in the dental caries process. Here we investigated 28 genetic variants spanning theMMP10,MMP14, andMMP16genes to detect association with dental caries experience in 13 age- and race-stratified (n=3,587) samples from 6 parent studies. Analyses were performed separately for each sample, and results were combined across samples by meta-analysis. Two SNPs (rs2046315 and rs10429371) upstream ofMMP16were significantly associated with caries in an individual sample of white adults and via meta-analysis across 8 adult samples after gene-wise adjustment for multiple comparisons. Noteworthy is SNP rs2046315 (p=8.14×10-8) association with caries in white adults. This SNP was originally nominated in a genome-wide-association study (GWAS) of dental caries in a sample of white adults and yielded associations in a subsequent GWAS of surface level caries in white adults as well. Therefore, in our study, we were able to recapture the association between rs2046315 and dental caries in white adults. Although we did not strengthen evidence thatMMPs 10,14, and16influence caries risk,MMP16is still a likely candidate gene to pursue.

Interrelation Between Salivary pH, Buffer Capacity and Dental Caries in Underweight, Normal Weight and Overweight Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1255-1258
Author(s):  
Anamaria Bud ◽  
Eugen Bud ◽  
Daniela Esian ◽  
Silvia Pop ◽  
Anamaria Bechir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Dmft Index

The prevalence of dental caries in Romania remains high. The objective of this study is to analyse the link between dental caries, salivary pH and buffer capacity and the nutritional status in children. This cross-sectional study used a sample of 162 children, between the ages of 6 and 12 years, from Mures County, Romania. The prevalence of caries was measured using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth index for deciduous teeth (dmft index) and for permanent teeth (DMFT index). In addition, height and weight were assessed for each subject, and their body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The buffer capacity and the pH was determined after collecting stimulated saliva. Undernourished children presented a higher caries incidence and a lower salivary pH value compared with the normal weight and overweight children. Further longitudinal studies should be conducted in order to study the relationship between BMI, pH, dental caries and salivary buffer capacity. Future preventive programs should include nutrition control in order to prevent both the apparition of dental caries and of malnutrition.

Indicators of Risk for Dental Caries in Children: A Holistic Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fernando ◽  
S.K. Tadakamadla ◽  
M. Bakr ◽  
P.A. Scuffham ◽  
N.W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Annual Household Income

Background Dental caries in children is a major public health problem worldwide, with a multitude of determinants acting upon children to different degrees in different communities. The objective of this study was to determine maternal, environmental, and intraoral indicators of dental caries experience in a sample of 6- to 7-y-old children in South East Queensland, Australia. Methods: A total of 174 mother-child dyads were recruited for this cross-sectional study from the Griffith University Environments for Healthy Living birth cohort study. Maternal education, employment status, and prepregnancy body mass index were maternal indicators, and annual household income was taken as a proxy for environmental indicators. These were collected as baseline data of the study. Clinical data on children’s dental caries experience, saliva characteristics of buffering capacity, stimulated flow rate, and colony-forming units per milliliter of salivary mutans streptococci were collected for the oral health substudy. Univariate analysis was performed with 1-way analysis of variance and chi-square tests. Caries experience was the outcome, which was classified into 4 categories based on the number of carious tooth surfaces. Ordinal logistic regression was used to explore the association of risk indicators with caries experience. Results: Age ( P = 0.021), low salivary buffering capacity ( P = 0.001), reduced levels of salivary flow rate ( P = 0.011), past caries experience ( P = 0.001), low annual household income; <$30,000 (P = 0.050) and <$60,000 (P = 0.033) and maternal employment status ( P = 0.043) were associated with high levels of dental caries. Conclusion These data support the evidence of associations between maternal, environmental, and children’s intraoral characteristics and caries experience among children in a typical Western industrialized country. All of these need to be considered in preventative strategies within families and communities. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used by clinicians, epidemiologists, and policy makers to identify children who are at risk of developing dental caries. With consideration of costs for treatment for the disease, this information could be used to plan cost-effective and patient-centered preventive care.

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